JP6895953B2 - ソルターゼaを利用してチオエステルを作製するための方法 - Google Patents
ソルターゼaを利用してチオエステルを作製するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6895953B2 JP6895953B2 JP2018515627A JP2018515627A JP6895953B2 JP 6895953 B2 JP6895953 B2 JP 6895953B2 JP 2018515627 A JP2018515627 A JP 2018515627A JP 2018515627 A JP2018515627 A JP 2018515627A JP 6895953 B2 JP6895953 B2 JP 6895953B2
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- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
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Description
ソルターゼA(SrtA)は、タンパク質を細菌細胞壁に共有結合で付着させる膜結合型酵素である。SrtA基質上の特異的な認識モチーフは、LPXTGであり、酵素は、残基トレオニンとグリシンとの間で切断する。ペプチドグリカン上の認識モチーフは、ペンタグリシンモチーフである。N末端のトリグリシンモチーフ、そしてジグリシンモチーフですら、SrtA反応を支持するのに十分であることが示されている(Clancy, K. W., et al., Peptide science 94(2010)385-396(非特許文献1))。その反応は、チオエステルアシル酵素中間体を通して進行し、それが、オリゴグリシンからのアミン求核剤の攻撃によって分離され、ペプチドグリカンがタンパク質基質に共有結合で連結され、SrtAが再生される。化学合成されたペプチドを組換え発現されたタンパク質に共有結合でコンジュゲートするため、SrtAを使用することが可能である。
(i)アミノ酸配列LPXTG(SEQ ID NO:01、Xは任意のアミノ酸残基であり得る)を(任意で、C末端の100アミノ酸残基内に)含む第1のポリペプチド、
(ii)システインアミノ酸残基をN末端に有するかまたはシステイニル化合物(即ち、例えば、NH2またはNH3 +としてのフリーなαアミノ基およびペプチド結合の一部であるカルボキシ基を有するシステインアミノ酸残基を1位に含む化合物)である第2のポリペプチド、ならびに
(iii)ソルターゼAまたはその触媒活性(即ち、ソルターゼA活性を有する)断片である第3のポリペプチド
をインキュベートし、それによって、チオエステルを作製する工程
を含む、チオエステルの酵素的形成/作製(アミノ酸のαカルボン酸基とシステインのチオール基との間の新しいチオエステル結合の形成)のための方法である。
[本発明1001]
(i)アミノ酸配列LPXTG(SEQ ID NO:01、Xは任意のアミノ酸残基であり得る)を含む第1のポリペプチド、
(ii)システインアミノ酸残基をN末端に有する第2のポリペプチド、またはフリーなαアミノ基およびペプチド結合の一部であるカルボキシ基を有するシステインアミノ酸残基を1位に含む化合物、ならびに
(iii)ソルターゼAまたはその触媒活性断片である第3のポリペプチド
をインキュベートし、それによって、チオエステル結合を形成する工程
を含む、チオエステル結合の酵素的形成のための方法。
[本発明1002]
第3のポリペプチドが、黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)ソルターゼAもしくはリステリア・モノサイトゲネス(Listeria monocytogenes)ソルターゼAまたはそれらの触媒活性断片である、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1003]
2種のポリペプチドの酵素的コンジュゲーションのための、本発明1001〜1002のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1004]
第2のポリペプチドがシステインアミノ酸残基に続く1〜3個のグリシンまたはアラニンアミノ酸残基をN末端に有する、本発明1001〜1003のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1005]
インキュベーションがさらにチオール添加剤の存在下でなされる、本発明1001〜1004のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1006]
チオール添加剤が、チオフェノール、4-メルカプトフェニル酢酸(MPAA)、2-メルカプトエタンスルホン酸(MESNA)、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される、本発明1005の方法。
[本発明1007]
第1のポリペプチドがアミノ酸配列LPXTG(SEQ ID NO:01、Xは任意のアミノ酸残基であり得る)をC末端に含む、本発明1001〜1006のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1008]
第1のポリペプチドがアミノ酸配列LPETG(SEQ ID NO:04)をC末端に含む、本発明1001〜1007のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1009]
第2のポリペプチドがアミノ酸配列CGGG(SEQ ID NO:02)またはCAAA(SEQ ID NO:03)をN末端に有する、本発明1001〜1008のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1010]
第1のポリペプチドおよび第2のポリペプチドが相互に独立に、抗体可変ドメイン、抗体重鎖Fab断片、抗体Fc領域、タグ、ならびに、アミノ酸配列LPXTG(SEQ ID NO:01、Xは任意のアミノ酸残基であり得る)、リンカー、および非ソルターゼモチーフ部分を含むペプチドより選択される、本発明1001〜1009のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1011]
第3のポリペプチドがSEQ ID NO:05またはSEQ ID NO:06のアミノ酸配列を有する、本発明1001〜1010のいずれかの方法。
本発明は、ソルターゼAが、システイン残基をN末端に有するポリペプチドを求核剤として受け入れるという所見に、少なくとも一部分、基づく。
本明細書および特許請求の範囲において、免疫グロブリン重鎖Fc領域の残基のナンバリングは、カバットのEUインデックス(参照によって明確に本明細書に組み入れられるKabat,E.A.,et al.,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,5th ed.,Public Health Service,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,MD(1991),NIH Publication 91 3242)のものである。
ネイティブケミカルライゲーション(NCL)という用語は、2種以上の保護されていない小さいポリペプチド断片の組み立てによって、大きいポリペプチドが構築される、合成プロトコルを示し、即ち、この反応において反応するよう意図されない小さいポリペプチドの反応基は、保護基によってマスクされない(例えば、Kemp,D.S.,Biopolymers 20(1981)1793-1804;Schnolzer,M.and Kent,S.B.,Science 256(1992)221-225;Dawson,P.E.,et al.,Science.266(1994)776-779を参照すること)。NCLは、300アミノ酸残基以下のポリペプチドの合成のために特に有用である。
インビボでは共有結合で会合していない2種の要素を含む共有結合コンジュゲートを、酵素ソルターゼ、特に、ソルターゼAを使用することによって、インビトロで入手することができる。
ソルターゼAは、システインアミノ酸残基をN末端に含むポリペプチドを求核剤として受け入れることが、見出された。酵素から放出される、その結果として生じる酵素的コンジュゲーション生成物は、チオエステルである。ソルターゼモチーフとソルターゼ自体との間にインサイチューで生成された部位特異的なC末端チオエステルが、ネイティブケミカルライゲーション(NCL)のために使用され得ることが、さらに見出された。
(i)アミノ酸配列LPXTG(SEQ ID NO:01、Xは任意のアミノ酸残基であり得る)を(任意で、C末端の100アミノ酸残基内に)含む第1のポリペプチド、
(ii)システインアミノ酸残基をN末端に有するかまたはシステイニル化合物である第2のポリペプチド、および
(iii)ソルターゼA活性を有する第3のポリペプチド
をインキュベートし、それによって、チオエステルを作製する工程
を含む、チオエステル結合の形成によるチオエステルの酵素的作製(=形成)のための方法/チオエステルの酵素的形成のための方法である。
ソルターゼモチーフ(アミノ酸配列)は、これらの分子、治療剤(薬)、細胞傷害性薬剤(例えば、ドキソルビシンもしくは百日咳毒素のような毒素)、フルオレセインもしくはローダミンのような蛍光色素のようなフルオロフォア、イメージングもしくは放射線治療のための金属のキレート剤、ペプチド性もしくは非ペプチド性の標識、タグ、またはポリエチレングリコールの様々な異性体のようなクリアランス修飾剤、第3の成分に結合するペプチド、もう一つの炭水化物もしくは親油性薬剤、または、例えば、合成低分子(例えば、アセチルサリチル酸)のような低分子のうちの一つに直接含まれていない場合、コンジュゲートされてもよいしまたは組み入れられてもよい。モチーフがコンジュゲーションを介して組み入れられる場合、コンジュゲーションは、直接的であってもよいしまたは介在リンカーを介していてもよい。さらに、第1および/または第2のポリペプチドは、組換えによって作製されてもよいし、または合成であってもよいし、または半合成、即ち、組換えによって作製され、その後、化学的に修飾されたものであってもよい。
治療剤は、例えば、抗体、細胞傷害性もしくは細胞分裂阻害性の化合物のような、治療効果を有する任意の化合物、部分、または基であり得る。抗体は、全長のもしくは完全な抗体であってもよいしまたはそれらの抗原結合断片であってもよい。
非ソルターゼモチーフ部分は、標識であり得る。ソルターゼアミノ酸配列に共有結合で付着し得る任意の標識部分が使用され得る(例えば、Singh et al(2002)Anal.Biochem.304:147-15;Harlow E.and Lane,D.(1999)Using Antibodies:A Laboratory Manual,Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory Press,Cold Spring Harbor,N.Y.;Lundblad R.L.(1991)Chemical Reagents for Protein Modification,2nd ed.CRC Press,Boca Raton,Fla.を参照すること)。標識は、(i)検出可能なシグナルを提供するか;(ii)第1もしくは第2の標識によって提供される検出可能なシグナルを修飾するため、例えば、FRET(蛍光共鳴エネルギー転移)を与えるため、第2の標識と相互作用するか;(iii)電荷、疎水性、形、もしくはその他の物理的パラメータによって、移動度、例えば、電気泳動移動度もしくは細胞透過性に影響を与えるか、または(iv)例えば、イオン複合体化をモジュレートするため、キャプチャー部分を提供するよう、機能し得る。
(i)過酸化水素が色素前駆物質(例えば、オルトフェニレンジアミン(OPD)または3,3',5,5'-テトラメチルベンジジン塩酸塩(TMB))を酸化する、過酸化水素を基質として用いる西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ(HRP);
(ii)発色性基質としてパラニトロフェニルリン酸を用いるアルカリホスファターゼ(AP);および
(iii)発色性基質(例えば、p-ニトロフェニル-(3-D-ガラクトシダーゼ)または蛍光発生性基質4-メチルウンベリフェリル-(3-D-ガラクトシダーゼを用いる(3-D-ガラクトシダーゼ((3-D-Gal)。
「リンカー」という用語は、第1の部分を第2の部分とコンジュゲート(連結)するために使用され得る二官能性または多官能性の部分を意味する。2種の反応官能性を有するリンカーを使用して、連結されたコンジュゲートを便利に調製することができる。
例えばオリゴグリシンモチーフ(GG(SEQ ID NO: 28)、GGG(SEQ ID NO: 29)、GGGG(SEQ ID NO: 30)、GGGGG(SEQ ID NO: 31))などの求核性アミノ酸配列をN末端に含む任意のポリペプチドドメイン(例えば、scFv、scFab、もしくはdarpinのような単鎖抗原結合ポリペプチド、またはdsFvもしくはFabのような多鎖抗原結合ポリペプチド)を、発現させ、真核細胞(例えば、HEK293細胞、CHO細胞)の上清から精製することができる。ポリペプチドが、単離されたポリペプチドであるか、それとも多量体またはヘテロマーの要素に含まれているかは、重要でない。
Sambrook,J.et al.,Molecular cloning:A laboratory manual;Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,Cold Spring Harbor,New York,1989に記載されているような標準的な方法を、DNAを操作するために使用した。分子生物学的試薬は、製造業者の説明書に従って使用された。
所望の遺伝子セグメントは、Geneart GmbH(Regensburg,Germany)において、化学合成によって調製された。合成された遺伝子断片を、増大/増幅のため、大腸菌プラスミドへクローニングした。サブクローニングされた遺伝子断片のDNA配列を、DNA配列決定によって確認した。あるいは、化学合成されたオリゴヌクレオチドのアニーリングによって、またはPCRによって、短い合成DNA断片を組み立てた。それぞれのオリゴヌクレオチドは、metabion GmbH(Planegg-Martinsried,Germany)によって調製された。
所望の遺伝子/タンパク質(例えば、全長抗体重鎖、全長抗体軽鎖、またはN末端にオリゴグリシンを含有しているFc鎖)の発現のため、以下の機能要素を含む転写単位を使用する:
−イントロンAを含むヒトサイトメガロウイルス(P-CMV)由来の前初期エンハンサーおよびプロモーター、
−ヒト重鎖免疫グロブリン5'非翻訳領域(5'UTR)、
−マウス免疫グロブリン重鎖シグナル配列、
−発現させるべき遺伝子/タンパク質(例えば、全長抗体重鎖)、ならびに
−ウシ成長ホルモンポリアデニル化配列(BGH pA)。
−大腸菌におけるこのプラスミドの複製を可能にするベクターpUC18由来の複製開始点、および
−大腸菌にアンピシリン耐性を付与するβラクタマーゼ遺伝子。
ポリペプチドのアミノ酸配列に基づき計算されたモル吸光係数を使用して、280nmにおける光学濃度(OD)を決定することによって、精製されたポリペプチドのタンパク質濃度を決定した。
可溶性黄色ブドウ球菌ソルターゼAのための発現プラスミドの生成
ソルターゼ遺伝子は、N末端が短縮された黄色ブドウ球菌ソルターゼA(60〜206)分子(SEQ ID NO:05のアミノ酸配列)をコードする。
−T5プロモーター、
−精製タグ、
−N末端が短縮された黄色ブドウ球菌ソルターゼAをコードする核酸、ならびに
−Toおよびfdの終結配列。
−イントロンAを含むヒトサイトメガロウイルス(P-CMV)由来の最初期エンハンサーおよびプロモーター、
−ヒト重鎖免疫グロブリン5'非翻訳領域(5'UTR)、
−マウス免疫グロブリン重鎖シグナル配列、
−精製タグをコードする核酸、
−N末端が短縮された黄色ブドウ球菌ソルターゼAをコードする核酸、ならびに
−ウシ成長ホルモンポリアデニル化配列(BGH pA)。
一過性発現および分析的特徴決定
大腸菌:
それぞれのソルターゼ発現プラスミドによって形質転換された大腸菌細胞を37℃でおよそ0.9のOD578にまで増殖させること(予備培養)によって、ソルターゼの組換え作製を実施した。このおよそ0.9のOD578で、2mM IPTGを添加し、28℃においてさらに24時間細胞を増殖させることによって、タンパク質発現を誘導した。その後、細胞を遠心分離によって採集し、ホモジナイザーを使用して高圧を介して溶解した。細胞片を除去するため、細胞溶解物を遠心分離し、その後、精製まで、低温(例えば、-80℃)で細胞溶解物を保管した。可溶性ソルターゼを、Ni-NTAクロマトグラフィ後のサイズ排除クロマトグラフィを使用して精製した。内毒素の枯渇のため、陰イオン交換クロマトグラフィをフロースルーモードで実施した。アミノ酸配列に基づき計算されたモル吸光係数を使用して、280nmでの光学濃度(OD)を測定することによって、ソルターゼ調製物のタンパク質濃度を決定した。還元剤(5mM 1,4-ジチオスレイトール)の存在下および非存在下でのSDS-PAGEならびにクーマシーブリリアントブルーによる染色によって、ソルターゼの純度および完全性を決定した。
F17培地(Invitrogen Corp.)において培養されたHEK293細胞(ヒト胎児腎臓細胞株293由来)の一過性トランスフェクションによって、組換え作製を実施した。トランスフェクションのため、「293-Fectin」トランスフェクション試薬(Invitrogen)を使用した。製造業者の説明書に指定されたように、トランスフェクションを実施した。細胞培養上清をトランスフェクションの3〜7日後に採集した。上清を低温(例えば、-80℃)で保管した。
ソルターゼによって媒介されるコンジュゲーション
50mMトリスpH7.5、150mM NaCl、10mM CaCl2中の0.5mMのポリペプチドLCR640-ULPETGGGRRC(U:LCR640フルオロフォアにコンジュゲートされたβアラニン;SEQ ID NO:33)、LPETGソルターゼモチーフ(SEQ ID NO:04)を含むFc領域断片、1.5mMのC末端ビオチン化アミノ酸配列CAAA(SEQ ID NO:03)を有するN末端ビオチン化N末端システインを含むペプチド、および50μM黄色ブドウ球菌ソルターゼAを含む反応混合物を、37℃で18時間インキュベートした。
レポーター固定化アッセイ
ネイティブケミカルライゲーションのためのチオエステルを産生するソルターゼのより詳細な分析は、欧州特許出願EP14198535に報告され、以下に概説されるようなレポーター固定化アッセイ(REIA)を使用して行った。
20μM黄色ブドウ球菌ソルターゼA(Sa-SrtA)
100μM求核剤(GGGG/AAAA/CAAA)
20μM C末端ソルターゼモチーフ(LPXTG)を有するグルコース脱水素酵素
250mM MESNA
0.5mM TCEP
または
100μMリステリア・モノサイトゲネスソルターゼA(Lm-SrtA)
100μM求核剤(GGGG/AAAA/CAAA)
20μM C末端ソルターゼモチーフ(LPXTG)を有するグルコース脱水素酵素
250mM MESNA.。
Claims (11)
- (i)アミノ酸配列LPXTG(配列番号01、Xは任意のアミノ酸残基であり得る)を含む第1のポリペプチド、
(ii)システインアミノ酸残基をN末端に有する第2のポリペプチド、またはフリーなαアミノ基およびペプチド結合の一部であるカルボキシ基を有するシステインアミノ酸残基を1位に含む化合物、ならびに
(iii)ソルターゼAまたはその触媒活性断片である第3のポリペプチド
をインキュベートし、それによって、チオエステル結合を形成する工程
を含む、チオエステル結合の酵素的形成のための方法。 - 第3のポリペプチドが、黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)ソルターゼAもしくはリステリア・モノサイトゲネス(Listeria monocytogenes)ソルターゼAまたはそれらの触媒活性断片である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 2種のポリペプチドの酵素的コンジュゲーションのための、請求項1〜2のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 第2のポリペプチドが、1〜3個のグリシンまたはアラニンアミノ酸残基が後に続くシステインアミノ酸残基をN末端に有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- インキュベーションがさらにチオール添加剤の存在下でなされる、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- チオール添加剤が、チオフェノール、4-メルカプトフェニル酢酸(MPAA)、2-メルカプトエタンスルホン酸(MESNA)、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される、請求項5記載の方法。
- 第1のポリペプチドがアミノ酸配列LPXTG(配列番号01、Xは任意のアミノ酸残基であり得る)をC末端に含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 第1のポリペプチドがアミノ酸配列LPETG(配列番号04)をC末端に含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 第2のポリペプチドがアミノ酸配列CGGG(配列番号02)またはCAAA(配列番号03)をN末端に有する、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 第1のポリペプチドおよび第2のポリペプチドが相互に独立に、抗体可変ドメイン、抗体重鎖Fab断片、抗体Fc領域、タグ、ならびに、アミノ酸配列LPXTG(配列番号01、Xは任意のアミノ酸残基であり得る)、およびリンカーを含むペプチドより選択される、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 第3のポリペプチドが配列番号05または配列番号06のアミノ酸配列を有する、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項記載の方法。
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