JP6893037B2 - C.difficile感染のための4,6−ジ−(O−チオホスフェート)−イノシトール−1,2,3,5−テトラ−O−スルフェート - Google Patents
C.difficile感染のための4,6−ジ−(O−チオホスフェート)−イノシトール−1,2,3,5−テトラ−O−スルフェート Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
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- C07F9/165—Esters of thiophosphoric acids
- C07F9/177—Esters of thiophosphoric acids with cycloaliphatic alcohols
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
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Description
クロストリジウム・ディフィシレ(Clostridium difficile)による感染は、重篤で、生命を脅かす下痢を引き起こし得る。この症状は、C.difficile、TcdAおよびTcdBによって合成された2つの毒素によって引き起こされる。毒素は、結腸内層の細胞に侵入し得、細胞質イノシトール六リン酸エステル(inositol hexakisphosphate)(IP6)によって活性化され、その毒性の機能を発揮する。
1つの示唆される治療的介入は、結腸内腔の細胞外空間において毒素を活性化することである。活性化された毒素は、もはや結腸細胞に入ることができず、結腸管腔内では、それらの毒性機能を発揮することができない。したがって、結腸内腔内の毒素の活性化は、影響を受けた患者にとって毒素を無害にさせる。
WO2013045107A1(特許文献1)に最初に示された化合物クラスの研究の間、驚くべきことに、混合イノシトールテトラキススルフェートビオチオホスフェート化合物の小さなサブセットが、以前に研究された混合硫酸塩−リン酸塩化合物と効果を比較してはるかに優れていることが見出された(図1を参照のこと)。
合成は、以下のスキームに描かれている順序に従った:
既知の2−tertブチルジメチルシリルイノシトールオルトホルメートを、トルエンと同時エバポレートさせ(3×)、ジクロロメタン(DCM)に溶解した。1H−テトラゾール(4当量)、続いてホスホラミダイト(8当量)を、反応物に添加し、一晩撹拌した。ピリジン、続いて粉砕した硫黄フレーク(20当量)を、この反応物に添加し、一晩撹拌した。得られた粗混合物を、DCMで希釈し、飽和NaHCO3で洗浄し、Na2SO4で乾燥させ、濾過し、濃縮した。生成物をトルエン中のDCMを用いたフラッシュクロマトグラフィーにより精製した。
以下の脱保護条件は、Journal of the American Chemical Society [JACS 2005,127,5288]に発表された合成と同様である。
出発物質(50mg)を、チオフェノール(300μl)、m−クレゾール(300μl)、トリフルオロ酢酸(1.8ml)で処理した。次いで、TMSBrOHをゆっくりと添加した(360μl)。室温で2時間撹拌した。トルエンから2回エバポレートした。DCMおよび約5mlの水で希釈した。1NのNaOHで中和した。SolEx C18カートリッジ(Thermofisher、1g、6ml)上に水層(わずかに濁った)を直接注いだ。水で溶出した。ある場合には、芳香族不純物がいくつか見出されたが、水中で時間と共に沈殿し、濾別可能であった。
1H−NMR(500MHz;D2O):δ4.36(q、J=9.6Hz、2H)、4.02(t、J=2.7Hz,1H)、3.64(dd、J=9.7,2.8Hz、2H)、3.50(t,J=9.3Hz,1H)。
31P−NMR(203MHz;D2O):δ45.7。
チオリン酸エステル(チオホスフェート)は、反応条件下で最終的にリン酸塩に変換されるので、チオリン酸エステルの硫酸化反応は、注意深く実施しなければならない。従って、我々は慎重に硫酸化をモニターし、約30分後に反応が完了したこと、およびこの時点で分解は観察されなかったことを見た。従って、DMF中のイノシトールリン酸の懸濁液に、スルホトリオキシドジメチルホルムアミド(SO3−DMF)複合体(12当量)を加えて、その反応物を35分間撹拌した。約pH8に続いて約3mlのメタノール(MeOH)で塩を沈殿させるまで、約1NのNaOHを加えて、反応をクエンチングさせた。固体をSephadex LH−20カラムにより、水で溶離して精製した。
1H−NMR(500MHz;D2O):δ5.06(s,1H)、5.04−4.98(m,4H)、4.79−4.76(m,1H)。31P−NMR(203MHz;D2O):δ44.5
1H−NMRおよび31P−NMRの結果を図2に示す。
IP6、活性化化合物(IIa)およびIP2S4を、TcdBの切断の程度に関して比較した(図1)。試験される化合物は、100mMのTris pH7.4中の10mMのCa2+の有無において1mM〜150ngの毒素Bで添加され、37℃で3時間インキュベートされた。切断されたタンパク質断片を、SDS−PAGEにより分離し、銀染色により可視化した。切断の程度は、ImageJソフトウェアパッケージを用いてタンパク質バンド強度から定量した。
シグナルは、陽性対照および陰性対照の切断に対して標準化された。その結果によって、ジチオリン酸塩−四硫酸塩イノシトールが、二リン酸塩−四硫酸塩イノシトールと比較して驚くべきことにさらに優れており、これが以前に発表されたイノシトール六硫酸およびイノシトール六リン酸に対して驚くほど優れていることが示されている(図3および比較例3)。
試料を調製し、実施例2に記載したように処理した。エラーバーは、s.d.を示し;アスタリスクは、IP2S4と比較して統計的差を示す(P<0.05);n=3。
ICP−MSによる類似体溶解度測定。10mMのCaCl2を含むかまたは含まないイノシトール六リン酸(IP6)類似体の100mM溶液を、10mMのトリスpH7.4中で調製し、37℃で2時間撹拌しながらインキュベートした。その溶液を直ちに、37℃に平衡化された0.2mmのナイロンフィルターで濾過した。各ろ液中のリン含量は、誘導結合プラズマ質量分析法(ICP−MS)によって測定した。得られた値を、各IP6類似体中のリン酸塩の数で割って、溶液中の化合物の濃度を決定した。
分裂生成物を、SDS−PAGE(15ウェル8%アクリルアミドPreciseTMTris−グリシンゲル、ThermoScientific、USAを使用)で可視化し、続いて10分延長したチオ硫酸塩増感ステップを伴う改変Vorumプロトコール[Proteomics 1,1359(2001)]に従って銀染色した。染色プロトコールの直線性は、160ng/レーンから開始して20ng/レーンまで下がるTcdBの連続希釈で検証した。組換え毒素を用いた切断アッセイについて記載したように、バンド強度を定量した。実験は三重に行った。
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