JP6847946B2 - イン・ビボ生着能増強用5−ヒドロキシトリプタミン1b受容体刺激剤 - Google Patents
イン・ビボ生着能増強用5−ヒドロキシトリプタミン1b受容体刺激剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6847946B2 JP6847946B2 JP2018526148A JP2018526148A JP6847946B2 JP 6847946 B2 JP6847946 B2 JP 6847946B2 JP 2018526148 A JP2018526148 A JP 2018526148A JP 2018526148 A JP2018526148 A JP 2018526148A JP 6847946 B2 JP6847946 B2 JP 6847946B2
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Description
上記に示されるように、本発明者らは、フルオキセチンまたはボルチオキセチン(二剤とも5−ヒドロキシトリプタミン1B受容体(5−HT1 BR)を刺激する)の投与が、間接的に(フルオキセチンおよびボルチオキセチンのセロトニンレベルの上昇を介して)および/または直接的に(ボルチオキセチンの5−HT1 BR部分的促進作用を介して)、必要とする対象において移植される生体材料のイン・ビボ生着能を大幅に増強することを発見した。この発見は、再生医療における新たな革新的適用に道を開くものであり、以下の詳細に記載する。
a)場合により、生体材料を取得する工程;
b)前記単離された生体材料を少なくとも1種類の5−ヒドロキシトリプタミン1B受容体(5−HT1 BR)刺激剤とイン・ビトロおよび/またはエクス・ビボで接触させる工程;および
c)場合により、前記生体材料を回収する工程
を含んでなるか、または前記工程から本質的になるか、または前記工程からなる方法を対象とする。
a)少なくとも1種類の5−HT1 BR刺激剤を投与されるまたは投与されている対象から生体材料を単離する工程
を含んでなる方法を対象とする。
b)前記単離された生体材料を前記5−HT1 BR刺激剤とイン・ビトロおよび/またはエクス・ビボでさらに接触させる工程;および
c)場合により、前記生体材料を回収する工程
を含んでなることができる。
骨および/または軟骨の損失、損傷または障害、例えば、骨壊死、骨粗鬆症、骨折、歯周炎、歯牙欠損、関節炎;
皮膚の損失、損傷または障害、例えば、皮膚の発赤または疼痛、皮膚の炎症、水疱および開放創、火傷、膿瘍および皮膚潰瘍を含む皮膚病変;
神経系のいずれかの部位の損失、損傷または障害、例えば、アルツハイマー病、前頭側頭葉萎縮、レビー小体型認知症、ピック病、染色体に関連した認知症、パーキンソン病、進行性核上麻痺、多系統萎縮症、大脳皮質基底核変性症、ハンチントン病、ジストニア、小脳性運動失調、遺伝性痙攣性対麻痺を含む神経変性疾患;白質ジストロフィーなどの白質の原疾患および多発性硬化症などの炎症を伴う白質疾患;脳卒中;脊髄損傷;
筋肉の損失、損傷または障害、例えば、デュシェンヌ型筋ジストロフィー、ベッカー型筋ジストロフィー、先天性筋ジストロフィー、肢帯型筋ジストロフィー(例えば、三好型または遠位型ミオパチー、ジスフェリン異常症、カベオリン異常症、サルコグリカン異常症、ミオチリノパシー)、顔面肩甲上腕型筋ジストロフィー、眼球咽頭型筋ジストロフィー、筋強直性筋ジストロフィー、非ジストロフィー性ミオトニー症候群、遠位型筋ジストロフィー、エメリ・ドレフュス型筋ジストロフィーなどの遺伝性ミオパチー;ネマリンミオパチー、筋細管または中心核ミオパチー、中心コアミオパチー、デスミンミオパチー、代謝性ミオパチー(例えば、脂質ミオパチー、ミトコンドリアミオパチーおよびマッカードル病、ポンペ病または垂井病などのグリコーゲン貯蔵障害)などの遺伝性ミオパチー;薬剤性ミオパチー、毒素性ミオパチー、外傷性ミオパチー、手術性ミオパチー、疾患性ミオパチー(例えば、癌、ウイルスまたは細菌感染、内分泌障害)、食事性ミオパチー、サルコペニア、尿失禁または肛門括約筋機能不全、心筋梗塞などの加齢性ミオパチーなどの後天性ミオパチー;
造血系のいずれかの部位の損失、損傷または障害、例えば、急性骨髄性白血病、急性リンパ芽球性白血病、慢性骨髄性白血病、慢性リンパ球性白血病、若年性骨髄単球性白血病、ホジキンリンパ腫または非ホジキンリンパ腫などの白血病およびリンパ腫;多発性骨髄腫およびその他の形質細胞障害;重度の再生不良性貧血および、重度の再生不良性貧血、ファンコニ貧血、発作性夜間ヘモグロビン尿症(PNH)、赤芽球ろう、無巨核球性症/先天性血小板減少症などのその他の骨髄不全状態;重症複合免疫不全症(全サブタイプ)および、ウィスコット・アルドリッチ症候群などのその他の遺伝性免疫系障害;βサラセミア・メジャーおよび鎌形赤血球症などの異常ヘモグロビン症;ハーラー症候群ならびに、副腎白質ジストロフィーおよび異染性白質ジストロフィーなどのその他の遺伝性代謝障害;難治性貧血(全種類)、慢性骨髄単球性白血病および原因不明性骨髄様化生(骨髄線維症)などの骨髄異形成および骨髄増殖性障害;家族性血球貪食性リンパ組織球症およびその他の組織球性障害が含まれる。造血系のいずれかの部位の損失、損傷または障害は、血液毒の経口摂取または照射事故など、骨髄移植を必要とする上記の疾患またはその他の疾患(例えば、固形腫瘍など)における処置によっても間接的に誘発され得る。
a)少なくとも1種類の5−ヒドロキシトリプタミン1B受容体(5−HT1 BR)刺激剤を前記対象に投与する工程;および
b)少なくとも1つの単離された生体材料または上記のような医療デバイスを、工程a)と同時に、個別にまたは逐次的に(すなわち、工程a)の前または後に)、前記対象にさらに投与する工程
を含んでなる方法に関する。
本発明の異なる側面および態様は、5−ヒドロキシトリプタミン1B受容体(5−HT1 BR)刺激剤の使用に頼る。
mは、1または2であり;
pは、0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7または8であり;
qは、0、1、2、3または4であり;
sは、1または2であり;
各R1’は独立にC1−6−アルキルにより表される基から選択されるか、または同じ炭素原子に結合された2つのR1’は3〜6員スピロ結合シクロアルキルを形成してもよく;
各R2’は独立に、ハロゲン、シアノ、ニトロ、C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イル、C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イルオキシ、C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イルスルファニル、ヒドロキシ、ヒドロキシ−C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イル、ハロ−C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イル、ハロ−C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イルオキシ、C3−8−シクロアルク(エン)イル、C3−8−シクロアルク(エン)イル−C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イル、アシル、C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イルオキシカルボニル、C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イルスルホニル、または−NRxRy;−NRxCO−C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イルにより表される基から選択され;
各R3’は独立に、ハロゲン、シアノ、ニトロ、C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イル、C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イルオキシ、C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イルスルファニル、ヒドロキシ、ヒドロキシ−C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イル、ハロ−C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イル、ハロ−C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イルオキシ、C3−8−シクロアルク(エン)イル、C3−8−シクロアルク(エン)イル−C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イル、C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イルスルホニル、アリール、C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イルオキシカルボニル、アシル、−NRxCO−C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イル、CONRxRyまたはNRxRyにより表される基から選択されるか;
または2つの隣接するR3’置換基は一緒に、
ここで、Wは、OまたはSであり、かつ、RaおよびRbは、水素またはC1−6−アルキルであるか;または2つの隣接するR3’置換基は一緒に、1、2もしくは3個のヘテロ原子を含有する縮合複素芳香族系を形成し、
各RxおよびRyは独立に、水素、C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イル、C3−8−シクロアルク(エン)イル、C3−8−シクロアルク(エン)イル−C1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イル、もしくはアリールにより表される基から選択され;またはRxおよびRyはそれらが結合されている窒素と一緒に、場合により1個のさらなるヘテロ原子を含む3〜7員環を形成する]
に従って記載することができ、またはその薬学的に許容可能な塩である。
1−[2−(2−トリフルオロメチルフェニルスルファニル)フェニル]ピペラジン、
1−[2−(4−ブロモフェニルスルファニル)フェニル]ピペラジン、
1−{2−[4−(メチルスルファニル)フェニルスルファニル]フェニル}ピペラジン、
1−[2−(4−ヒドロキシフェニルスルファニル]フェニル}ピペラジン、
ボルチオキセチンとしても知られる1−[2−(2,4−ジメチルフェニルスルファニル)フェニル]ピペラジン、
1−[2−(2,6−ジメチルフェニルスルファニル)フェニル]ピペラジン、
1−[2−(2,5−ジメチルフェニルスルファニル)フェニル]ピペラジン、
1−[2−(2−トリフルオロメチルフェニルスルファニル)フェニル][1,4]ジアゼパン、
1−[2−(3−メチルフェニルスルファニル)フェニル]−[1,4]−ジアゼパン、
2−(4−メチルフェニルスルファニル)フェニル−1−ピペラジン、
1−[2−(4−クロロフェニルスルファニル)フェニル]−ピペラジン、
1−[2−(4−メトキシフェニルスルファニル)−4−クロロフェニル]ピペラジン、
1−[2−(4−メトキシフェニルスルファニル)−4−メチルフェニル]ピペラジン、
1−[2−(4−メトキシフェニルスルファニル)−5−メチルフェニル]ピペラジン、
1−[2−(4−フルオロフェニルスルファニル)−5−メチルフェニル]ピペラジン、
1−[2−(4−メトキシフェニルスルファニル)−5−トリフルオロメチルフェニル]ピペラジン、
1−[2−(4−クロロフェニルスルファニル)フェニル]−3−メチルピペラジン、
1−[2−(4−クロロフェニルスルファニル)フェニル]−3,5−ジメチルピペラジン、
またはそれらの薬学的に許容可能な塩。
−(NR1R2R3)+Z− (I)
を有し、式中、
Zは、NO3 −、H2PO4 2−、Br−、HSO4 −、CH3SO3 −、または酒石酸陰イオンなどの有機または無機陰イオンであり;かつ
R1、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立にアルキル、アリールおよびシクロアルキルからなる群から選択される。
−(SR4R5)+Z− (II)
を有し、式中、
Zは、NO3 −、H2PO4 2−、Br−、HSKO4 −、CH3SO3 −、または酒石酸陰イオンなどの有機または無機陰イオンであり;かつ
R4およびR5は、それぞれ独立にアルキル、アリールおよびシクロアルキルからなる群から選択される。
Zは、NO3 −、H2PO4 2−、Br−、HSO4 −、CH3SO3 −、もしくは酒石酸陰イオンなどの、上記で定義される有機もしくは無機陰イオン、または有機もしくは無機陰イオンの混合物であり、その全体的な電荷は、式(B)の化合物が中性となるような電荷である;
R1’、R2’、R3’、m、p、qおよびsは、上記で定義される通りであり、ここで、R3’は、場合により、上記で定義されるアンモニウム基またはスルホニウム基で置換されたC1−6−アルク(エン/イン)イルオキシ基であり得、好ましくは、R3’はコリンである;
tは、0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7または8、好ましくは0または1、より好ましくは0である(ただし、t+p≦8);
各R4’は、スルホニウム基またはアンモニウム基などの、上記で定義される通りの、同一または異なる、好ましくは正に荷電した、少なくとも1つの荷電した化学部分である。;
X’は、
−(NR5’R6’)+−、ここで、
R5’およびR6’は、それぞれ独立に、本明細書で定義される水素、アルキル、アリールおよびシクロアルキル、好ましくは、水素、C1−6−アルキル、およびC3−8−シクロアルキルにより表される基から選択される;または
R5’R6’は、それらが結合されている窒素と一緒に、シクロヘテロアルキル、好ましくは3〜8員シクロヘテロアルキル、より好ましくは3〜6員シクロヘテロアルキルを形成する;
−NH−;
−NR7’−、ここで、R7’はC1−6−アルキルである;
−N+(O−)R8’−、ここで、R8’はC1−6−アルキルである;
−NC(O)R9’−、ここで、R9’は、アミノ酸(前記アミノ酸は、ヒスチジン、アルギニンもしくはリシンなど、好ましくは正に荷電している)、またはアミノ酸誘導体(前記誘導体は、コリンもしくはカルニチンなど、好ましくは正に荷電している)、またはC1−6−アルキルホスホニウムである;
からなる群から選択される;
Y’は、
−S−;
−(SR10’)+−、ここで、R10’は、本明細書で定義される水素、アルキル、アリールおよびシクロアルキルにより表される基から選択され、好ましくはC1−6−アルキルである;ならびに
−S+(O)―−
からなる群から選択される。
式中、AA+は、ヒスチジン、アルギニン、またはリシンなどの正に荷電したアミノ酸である;
上記のようなボルチオキセチンの塩;
上記のような、ヒスチジン、アルギニンまたはリシンなどの正に荷電したアミノ酸(好ましくは、少なくとも1つ)に結合したボルチオキセチン;
ピロリジニウム−ボルチオキセチン;
ピペラジニウム−ボルチオキセチン;
ジメチルアンモニウム−ボルチオキセチン;
スルホニウム−ボルチオキセチン;
N−オキシド−ボルチオキセチン;
スルホキシド−ボルチオキセチン;
ホスホニウム−ボルチオキセチン;ならびに
テンポール−カルバメート−ボルチオキセチン
からなる群から選択される。
上記のようなボルチオキセチンの塩;
上記のような、ヒスチジン、アルギニンまたはリシンなどの正に荷電したアミノ酸(好ましくは、少なくとも1つ)に結合したボルチオキセチン;
ピロリジニウム−ボルチオキセチン;
ピペラジニウム−ボルチオキセチン;
ジメチルアンモニウム−ボルチオキセチン;
スルホニウム−ボルチオキセチン;
N−オキシド−ボルチオキセチン;
スルホキシド−ボルチオキセチン;ならびに
ホスホニウム−ボルチオキセチン
からなる群から選択される。
上記のようなボルチオキセチンの塩;
上記のような、ヒスチジン、アルギニンまたはリシンなどの正に荷電したアミノ酸(好ましくは、少なくとも1つの)に結合したボルチオキセチン;
ピロリジニウム−ボルチオキセチン;
ピペラジニウム−ボルチオキセチン;
ジメチルアンモニウム−ボルチオキセチン;
スルホニウム−ボルチオキセチン;ならびに
ホスホニウム−ボルチオキセチン
からなる群から選択される。
1.材料および方法
1.1.マウスに対する注射および損傷
使用した総てのプロトコールは、現地の倫理委員会により承認された。前脛骨筋への移植を行う18時間前に、マウスを麻酔し、心臓毒で損傷させた。移植前に、マウスを再度麻酔し、PBS 40nl中10,000個の細胞を移植した。筋肉の再生が完了するまで、マウスを28日間飼育した。骨髄移植のために、マウスを95cGyで照射し、非照射骨髄を静脈内移植した。注射の5週後にマウスを屠殺した。
前脛骨筋を慎重に切開し、液体窒素で冷却したイソペンタン中で数分間急速凍結し、凍結切片とする(10μm切片)前に−80℃で保存した。切片は、染色する前に、室温で一晩保存した。次に、切片をPBS中で10分間再水和し、10%ホルマリンで3分間固定した。次に、切片を手動で通常通りにPLAP抗体で染色した。
骨髄分析のために、動物を屠殺し、骨髄をフラッシュし、40μmセルストレーナーで濾過した。次に、バルクをGallios A94303(ベックマン・コールター)を用いて直接評価し、Kaluzaフローサイトメトリーソフトウエアを用いて分析した。
画像解析のために、ImageJ 1.46rソフトウエアを使用して、切片あたり10枚の異なる写真をランダムに撮影し、実験群あたり最低3枚の切片とした。写真を二値画像に変換した後、ピクセル値を収集した。線維の大きさに関しては、1/200に希釈したウサギ抗ラミニン(シグマアルドリッチ #L9393)を用いて、切片を4℃で一晩免疫染色した。二次ロバ抗ウサギ488(DL488 JacksonImmuno #711486152)を、1/200で室温にて45分間使用した。線維の周囲長の測定は、Pixcavator(登録商標)ソフトウエアを用いて自動で実施した。
統計分析は、適当な検定(明記されない限り、ノンパラメトリックマン・ホイットニー検定)および最低限、有意性に関する95%信頼区間を用いて、GraphPad Prismソフトウエアを用いて実施した;図に示されるp値は、<0.05(*)、<0.01(**)、および<0.001(***)である。図では、検定した全動物のRT−qPCRに関する平均値±SDまたは±SEMを示すか、表示の通りである。
2.1.フルオキセチンおよびボルチオキセチン処置は損傷パラダイムにおける筋肉幹細胞の生着能の増大を誘導する
筋肉生着能に対するフルオキセチンおよびボルチオキセチンの潜在的効果を検討するために、Rag−/−γC−/−免疫不全マウス(Sanchez et al., 2013)を本試験に用いた。マウスに対し、前脛骨筋(TA)を心臓毒で損傷させ、損傷後24時間に10,000個の衛星細胞(SC)を注射した。衛星細胞(SC)はTg:Pax7nGFP::PLAPマウスから得たものであり(Deprimo et al., 1996; Rocheteau et al., 2012)、FACSによるSCの純粋集団の前向きな単離(Pax7はSCの特異的マーカーである)および追跡(PLAP胎盤性アルカリホスファターゼは普遍的なマーカーである)が可能であった。生着後28日にTAを採取し、PLAP線維数を計数した。
骨髄生着能に対するフルオキセチンおよびボルチオキセチンの潜在的効果を検討するために、Rag−/−γC−/−免疫不全マウスを用いた。これらのマウスに対し、95cGyで照射した後、Tg:ActinGFPマウス(Okabe et al., 1997)から採取した2百万個の細胞を静脈内注射し、移植細胞の運命を追跡した。
Rag−/−γC−/−マウスに対して、18mg/Kgでのフルオキセチンによる処置を6週間行った。前脛骨筋(TA)を損傷させ、損傷後18時間に、Tg:Pax7nGFP:PLAP:MyHC2E3FLacZトリプルトランスジェニックマウス由来の衛星細胞(SC)10,000個を、フルオキセチンで前処置したRag−/−γC−/−マウスに移植した。21日後、認められた線維の25.7%±8.7がプラセボ群においてPLAP+であり(前記線維が移植片由来であることを意味する)、一方、フルオキセチンで処置した動物では39%±6.6がPLAP+であった(条件あたり動物n=8)(図3)。
細胞または幹細胞に基づく療法の適用数はクリニックに限られているが、細胞に基づく臨床試験の数は現在増加中である(米国の590件および欧州の101件を含む、全世界で776件が引用)。従って、疾患および組織の再構成を良好にコントロールするために、細胞療法(例えば、胚細胞、成体細胞、または幹細胞)の生着能を改善できる薬剤を有することが、この出現しつつある新種の医学の使用を成功させるために重要である。
Claims (12)
- 生体材料のイン・ビボ生着能の増強方法であって、単離された生体材料をボルチオキセチンまたは正に荷電した化学部分を含んでなるように修飾されたボルチオキセチンとイン・ビトロおよび/またはエクス・ビボで接触させる工程を少なくとも含んでなる、方法。
- 前記正に荷電した化学部分が、第四級アンモニウム基または第三級スルホニウム基である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第四級アンモニウム基は式(I)
−(NR1R2R3)+Z− (I)
を有し、式中、
Zは、有機もしくは無機陰イオンであり;かつ
R1、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立にアルキル、アリールおよびシクロアルキルからなる群から選択される;または
前記第三級スルホニウム基は式(II)
−(SR4R5)+Z− (II)
を有し、式中、
Zは、有機もしくは無機陰イオンであり;かつ
R4およびR5はそれぞれ独立に、アルキル、アリールおよびシクロアルキルからなる群から選択される、
請求項2に記載の方法。 - 前記正に荷電した化学部分を含んでなるように修飾されたボルチオキセチンが、ボルチオキセチンの塩、ヒスチジン、アルギニンまたはリシンなどの少なくとも1つの正に荷電したアミノ酸と結合したボルチオキセチン、ピロリジニウム−ボルチオキセチン、ピペラジニウム−ボルチオキセチン、ジメチルアンモニウム−ボルチオキセチン、スルホニウム−ボルチオキセチン、N−オキシド−ボルチオキセチン、スルホキシド−ボルチオキセチン、およびホスホニウム−ボルチオキセチンからなる群から選択される正に荷電したボルチオキセチンである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記生体材料が、細胞、組織、臓器、それらの誘導物、およびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ボルチオキセチンまたは正に荷電した化学部分を含んでなるように修飾されたボルチオキセチンを含んでなる、細胞、組織または臓器の再生を必要とする対象における治療前使用のための医薬組成物。
- ボルチオキセチンまたは正に荷電した化学部分を含んでなるように修飾されたボルチオキセチンを含んでなる、細胞、組織または臓器の再生を目的とする処置を必要とする対象における治療前使用、ならびに前記処置を受けている前記対象における治療時および/または治療後使用のための医薬組成物。
- ボルチオキセチンまたは正に荷電した化学部分を含んでなるように修飾されたボルチオキセチンを含んでなる、細胞、組織または臓器の再生を受けている対象における治療時および/または治療後使用のための医薬組成物。
- 単離された生体材料およびボルチオキセチンまたは正に荷電した化学部分を含んでなるように修飾されたボルチオキセチンを含んでなる、細胞、組織または臓器の再生を目的とする処置を必要とする対象の細胞、組織または臓器を再生することを目的とする処置における同時、個別または逐次投与のための組合せ製剤。
- 前記正に荷電した化学部分が、第四級アンモニウム基または第三級スルホニウム基である、請求項6〜8のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物または請求項9に記載の組合せ製剤。
- 前記第四級アンモニウム基は式(I)
−(NR 1 R 2 R 3 ) + Z − (I)
を有し、式中、
Zは、有機もしくは無機陰イオンであり;かつ
R 1 、R 2 およびR 3 は、それぞれ独立にアルキル、アリールおよびシクロアルキルからなる群から選択される;または
前記第三級スルホニウム基は式(II)
−(SR 4 R 5 ) + Z − (II)
を有し、式中、
Zは、有機もしくは無機陰イオンであり;かつ
R 4 およびR 5 はそれぞれ独立に、アルキル、アリールおよびシクロアルキルからなる群から選択される、
請求項10に記載の医薬組成物または請求項10に記載の組合せ製剤。 - 前記正に荷電した化学部分を含んでなるように修飾されたボルチオキセチンが、ボルチオキセチンの塩、ヒスチジン、アルギニンまたはリシンなどの少なくとも1つの正に荷電したアミノ酸と結合したボルチオキセチン、ピロリジニウム−ボルチオキセチン、ピペラジニウム−ボルチオキセチン、ジメチルアンモニウム−ボルチオキセチン、スルホニウム−ボルチオキセチン、N−オキシド−ボルチオキセチン、スルホキシド−ボルチオキセチン、およびホスホニウム−ボルチオキセチンからなる群から選択される正に荷電したボルチオキセチンである、請求項6〜8のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物または請求項9に記載の組合せ製剤。
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