JP6843897B2 - 原子燃料棒向けのコールドスプレークロム被覆法 - Google Patents
原子燃料棒向けのコールドスプレークロム被覆法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6843897B2 JP6843897B2 JP2018567876A JP2018567876A JP6843897B2 JP 6843897 B2 JP6843897 B2 JP 6843897B2 JP 2018567876 A JP2018567876 A JP 2018567876A JP 2018567876 A JP2018567876 A JP 2018567876A JP 6843897 B2 JP6843897 B2 JP 6843897B2
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 70
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 64
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title description 20
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSGNKXDSTRDWKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium dihydride Chemical compound [ZrH2] QSGNKXDSTRDWKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000568 zirconium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000619 316 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/04—Constructional details
- G21C3/16—Details of the construction within the casing
- G21C3/20—Details of the construction within the casing with coating on fuel or on inside of casing; with non-active interlayer between casing and active material with multiple casings or multiple active layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/04—Constructional details
- G21C3/06—Casings; Jackets
- G21C3/07—Casings; Jackets characterised by their material, e.g. alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/082—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat without intermediate formation of a liquid in the layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/082—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat without intermediate formation of a liquid in the layer
- C23C24/085—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/087—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of reactors or parts thereof
- G21C21/02—Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Description
本願は、参照によって本願に組み込まれる2016年7月22日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/365,518号に基づく優先権を主張する。
本発明は、エネルギー省との契約第DE−NE0008222号に基づく政府支援の下でなされたものであった。米国政府は、本発明に対して一定の権利を有している。
Claims (19)
- 水冷式原子炉に使用される構成機器の基材に被膜を施す方法であって、
加圧されたキャリアガスを200〜1200℃の温度に加熱するステップと、
当該加熱されたキャリアガスに、純粋なクロム、原子濃度80〜99%のクロムから成るクロム系合金およびそれらの組み合わせから成る群より選択した平均直径20ミクロン以下の粒子を添加するステップと、
キャリアガスおよび同伴粒子を基材上へ800〜4000フィート/秒(約243.84〜1219.20メートル/秒)の速度でスプレーして基材に被膜を形成させるステップと
から成る方法。 - 前記基材はジルコニウム合金である、請求項1の方法。
- 前記キャリアガスは、窒素、水素、アルゴン、二酸化炭素、ヘリウムおよびそれらの組み合わせから成る群より選択される、請求項1の方法。
- 前記粒子は純粋なクロム粒子である、請求項1の方法。
- 前記キャリアガスおよび前記同伴粒子は、前記被膜が所望の厚さになるまで連続的にスプレーされる、請求項1の方法。
- 前記構成機器は原子燃料棒被覆管である、請求項1の方法。
- 前記基材は円筒形である、請求項1の方法。
- 前記基材は平板状である、請求項1の方法。
- 前記被膜の厚さは5〜100ミクロンの範囲内である、請求項1の方法。
- 前記粒子の付着速度は最大1000kg/時間である、請求項1の方法。
- 前記被膜の形成後に、前記被膜を焼鈍するステップをさらに含む、請求項1の方法。
- 前記被膜の形成後に、前記被膜の平滑性を高めるステップをさらに含む、請求項1の方法。
- 前記粒子は原子濃度80〜99%のクロムから成るクロム系合金粒子である、請求項1の方法。
- 前記クロム系合金はさらに、ケイ素、イットリウム、アルミニウム、チタン、ニオブ、ジルコニウムおよび遷移金属元素から成る群より選択した少なくとも1つの元素を合計原子濃度0.1〜20%含む、請求項13の方法。
- 前記キャリアガスが最大5.0MPaの圧力で加熱される、請求項1の方法。
- 水冷式原子炉に使用される被覆管であって、
当該被覆管は均質に付着した被膜を有するジルコニウム合金から成り、当該被膜は純粋なクロム、原子濃度80〜99%のクロムから成るクロム系合金およびそれらの組み合わせから成る群より選択されることを特徴とする被覆管。 - 前記被膜の厚さは最大300ミクロンである、請求項16の被覆管。
- 前記クロム系合金はさらに、ケイ素、イットリウム、アルミニウム、チタン、ニオブ、ジルコニウムおよび遷移金属元素から成る群より選択した少なくとも1つの元素を合計原子濃度0.1〜20%含む、請求項16の被覆管。
- 前記被膜は原子濃度80〜99%のクロムから成るクロム系合金である、請求項16の被覆管。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201662365518P | 2016-07-22 | 2016-07-22 | |
US62/365,518 | 2016-07-22 | ||
PCT/US2016/055157 WO2018017146A1 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-03 | Cold spray chromium coating for nuclear fuel rods |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2019527345A JP2019527345A (ja) | 2019-09-26 |
JP6843897B2 true JP6843897B2 (ja) | 2021-03-17 |
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JP2018567876A Active JP6843897B2 (ja) | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-03 | 原子燃料棒向けのコールドスプレークロム被覆法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US10566095B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3488445B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6843897B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102596204B1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2894749T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2018017146A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (7)
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CN109174488B (zh) * | 2018-08-08 | 2020-08-18 | 西安交通大学 | 一种水下喷涂装置 |
CN109701149A (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-05-03 | 赵嘉文 | 一种足部离子喷雾护理方法 |
KR20200123656A (ko) | 2019-04-22 | 2020-10-30 | 배상열 | 핵연료피복관의 피막 형성 장치 |
WO2021080943A1 (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-04-29 | Westinghouse Electric Company Llc | Multiple nozzle design in a cold spray system and associated method |
KR20230113293A (ko) * | 2020-11-25 | 2023-07-28 | 웨스팅하우스 일렉트릭 컴퍼니 엘엘씨 | 크롬 합금으로 코팅된 핵 연료 봉 |
US20220384062A1 (en) | 2021-05-27 | 2022-12-01 | Westinghouse Electric Company Llc | Cathodic arc applied randomized grain structured coatings on zirconium alloy nuclear fuel cladding |
GB202207231D0 (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-06-29 | Rolls Royce Plc | Method for improving corrosion and fatigue crack resistance |
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US9911511B2 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2018-03-06 | Global Nuclear Fuel—Americas, LLC | Fuel rods with wear-inhibiting coatings and methods of making the same |
US9721676B2 (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2017-08-01 | Westinghouse Electric Company, Llc | Deposition of a protective coating including metal-containing and chromium-containing layers on zirconium alloy for nuclear power applications |
FR3025929B1 (fr) * | 2014-09-17 | 2016-10-21 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Gaines de combustible nucleaire, procedes de fabrication et utilisation contre l'oxydation. |
US9844923B2 (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2017-12-19 | Westinghouse Electric Company Llc | Corrosion and wear resistant coating on zirconium alloy cladding |
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US10566095B2 (en) | 2020-02-18 |
EP3488445A4 (en) | 2020-02-19 |
US11443857B2 (en) | 2022-09-13 |
JP2019527345A (ja) | 2019-09-26 |
ES2894749T3 (es) | 2022-02-15 |
US20200051702A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 |
WO2018017146A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 |
KR20190028548A (ko) | 2019-03-18 |
US20180025793A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 |
EP3488445A1 (en) | 2019-05-29 |
KR102596204B1 (ko) | 2023-10-30 |
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