JP6817266B2 - Aluminum alloy molding method - Google Patents
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018571 Al—Zn—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018569 Al—Zn—Mg—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010129 solution processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、アルミニウム合金からなる板材を成形加工するアルミニウム合金の成形方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for molding an aluminum alloy for molding a plate material made of an aluminum alloy.
現在、自動車の燃費向上のために軽量化が重要となっている。超高張力鋼板による薄肉化を中心に軽量化が進んでいるが、剛性に対して指数的に影響するため、板厚を薄くすることは、部品剛性の確保が難しく限界がある。これに対し、アルミニウム合金は、強度が高いだけでなく比重も軽いため、板厚を確保して軽量化ができる。特に、Ａｌ−Ｚｎ−Ｍｇ系合金またはＡｌ−Ｚｎ−Ｍｇ−Ｃｕ系合金（７０００系アルミニウム合金）は、強度が高く有効である。 At present, weight reduction is important for improving the fuel efficiency of automobiles. Weight reduction is progressing mainly by thinning with ultra-high-strength steel sheets, but since it has an exponential effect on rigidity, it is difficult to secure component rigidity and there is a limit to reducing the plate thickness. On the other hand, aluminum alloys not only have high strength but also have a light specific gravity, so that the plate thickness can be secured and the weight can be reduced. In particular, Al-Zn-Mg-based alloys or Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-based alloys (7000-based aluminum alloys) have high strength and are effective.
ところで、一般に、溶体化処理および人工時効処理をして時効硬化しているアルミニウム合金の板材を納入し、この板材をプレス加工して自動車の部品としている。しかしながら、７０００系などの高強度のアルミニウム合金は、時効硬化している板材の室温における延性が約１０％と低く、冷間プレス成形が困難である。このため、従来では、納入（購入）した板材を溶体化処理し、この後、焼きなましの状態でプレスして成形するようにしている（特許文献１参照）。この方法は、高い温度に加熱する必要あるなど、コストが高いため、例えば、自動車部品などのコスト低減が要求される場合には適用が困難である。 By the way, in general, a plate material of an aluminum alloy that has been solution-treated and artificially age-hardened and aged-hardened is delivered, and this plate material is pressed to be used as an automobile part. However, in high-strength aluminum alloys such as 7000 series, the ductility of the age-hardened plate material at room temperature is as low as about 10%, and cold press molding is difficult. For this reason, conventionally, the delivered (purchased) plate material is solution-treated, and then pressed and molded in an annealed state (see Patent Document 1). Since this method has a high cost such as needing to be heated to a high temperature, it is difficult to apply it when cost reduction of, for example, an automobile part is required.
本発明は、以上のような問題点を解消するためになされたものであり、アルミニウム合金をより低コストで成形できるようにすることを目的とする。 The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to enable molding of an aluminum alloy at a lower cost.
本発明に係るアルミニウム合金の成形方法は、アルミニウム合金からなる溶体化処理の後、人工時効処理をしていない板材を、溶体化処理がなされた状態が維持された状態で加熱する第１工程と、溶体化処理がなされた状態を維持して板材をプレス加工して成形体とする第２工程と、プレス加工した成形体を人工時効処理する第３工程とを備え、第１工程では、加熱時間を最大でも１００秒とする。 The method for forming an aluminum alloy according to the present invention is a first step of heating a plate material which has not been artificially aged after a solution treatment made of an aluminum alloy while the state where the solution treatment has been performed is maintained. comprising a second step of the plate material while maintaining the state where the solution treatment has been performed with the press working to the molded body, and a third step of artificial aging of press working shaped bodies, in the first step, heating The maximum time is 100 seconds .
上記アルミニウム合金の成形方法において、第１工程では、板材を１５０℃〜２５０℃の範囲のいずれかの温度に加熱する。 Oite the molding how the aluminum alloy, in a first step, heating the sheet material to one of a temperature in the range of 0.99 ° C. to 250 DEG ° C..
上記アルミニウム合金の成形方法の一構成例において、第１工程では、板材を接触加熱により加熱する。 In one configuration example of the above aluminum alloy molding method, in the first step, the plate material is heated by contact heating.
上記アルミニウム合金の成形方法の一構成例において、アルミニウム合金は、Ａｌ−Ｚｎ−Ｍｇ系合金またはＡｌ−Ｚｎ−Ｍｇ−Ｃｕ系合金である。 In one configuration example of the method for forming an aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy is an Al-Zn-Mg-based alloy or an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu based alloy.
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、アルミニウム合金からなる溶体化処理がされている板材を、溶体化処理がなされた状態が維持された状態で加熱し、溶体化処理がなされた状態を維持してプレス加工するので、アルミニウム合金がより低コストで成形できるという優れた効果が得られる。 As described above, according to the present invention, a plate material which has been solution-treated from an aluminum alloy is heated in a state where the solution-treated state is maintained, and a state where the solution-treated state is performed. Since it is maintained and pressed, the excellent effect that the aluminum alloy can be formed at a lower cost can be obtained.
以下、本発明の実施の形態おけるアルミニウム合金の成形方法について図１を参照して説明する。 Hereinafter, the method for forming an aluminum alloy in the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
まず、ステップＳ１０１で、アルミニウム合金からなる溶体化処理がされている板材を、溶体化処理（非特許文献１参照）がなされ、この後、人工時効処理をすることなく析出硬化している板材を、溶体化処理がなされた状態が維持された状態で加熱する（第１工程）。ステップＳ１０１における板材の加熱は、例えば、よく知られたホットプレートなどを用いた接触加熱により実施する。 First, in step S101, a plate material which has been solution-treated from an aluminum alloy is solution-hardened (see Non-Patent Document 1), and then a plate material which is precipitation-hardened without artificial aging treatment is subjected to. , The heating is carried out while the solution-treated state is maintained (first step). The heating of the plate material in step S101 is carried out by, for example, contact heating using a well-known hot plate or the like.
次に、ステップＳ１０２で、溶体化処理がなされた板材をプレス加工して成形体とする（第２工程）。例えば、ステップＳ１０１における加熱を実施した直後に、ステップＳ１０２のプレス加工を実施する。次に、ステップＳ１０３で、プレス加工した成形体を人工時効処理する（第３工程）。 Next, in step S102, the plate material that has been solution-treated is press-processed to obtain a molded product (second step). For example, immediately after the heating in step S101, the press working in step S102 is performed. Next, in step S103, the pressed molded product is artificially aged (third step).
板材は、例えば、Ａ７０７５（ＪＩＳ）などのＡｌ−Ｚｎ−Ｍｇ系合金またはＡｌ−Ｚｎ−Ｍｇ−Ｃｕ系合金である。ステップＳ１０１（第１工程）では、板材をプレス加工可能な温度に加熱する。例えば、板材がＡ７０７５の場合、まず、温度条件を２００℃とし、加熱時間を最大でも１００秒として短時間で処理すれば、溶体化処理がなされて析出硬化した状態が維持され、かつプレス加工可能な状態となる。上記処理条件は、対象とする材料に合わせ、溶体化処理がなされた状態が維持される範囲で適宜に設定する。例えば、温度は、２５０℃より低い条件とすることが可能である。 The plate material is, for example, an Al-Zn-Mg-based alloy such as A7075 (JIS) or an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu based alloy. In step S101 (first step), the plate material is heated to a temperature at which press working is possible. For example, when the plate material is A7075, first, if the temperature condition is set to 200 ° C. and the heating time is set to 100 seconds at the maximum and the treatment is performed in a short time, the solution treatment is performed to maintain the state of precipitation hardening and press working is possible. It becomes a state. The above treatment conditions are appropriately set according to the target material within the range in which the solution-treated state is maintained. For example, the temperature can be lower than 250 ° C.
上述した実施の形態におけるアルミニウム合金の成形方法によれば、溶体化処理がなされた状態を維持してプレス加工しているので、成形後も溶体化処理がなされた状態となっており、プレス加工した後で溶体化処理をする必要がない。また、プレス加工の後で人工時効処理をすることで、十分な硬度が得られるものとなる。このように、実施の形態によれば、従来に比較して、低コストで成形できる。 According to the method for forming an aluminum alloy in the above-described embodiment, the press working is performed while maintaining the state in which the solution treatment is performed. Therefore, the solution processing is performed even after the molding, and the press processing is performed. There is no need to perform solution treatment after this. Further, by performing artificial aging treatment after press working, sufficient hardness can be obtained. As described above, according to the embodiment, molding can be performed at a lower cost than in the conventional case.
次に、第１工程における加熱温度と硬さとの関係について調査した結果を図２に示す。調査は、溶体化処理をし、人工時効処理はしていないＡ７０７５からなる板厚２ｍｍの板材に対して実施した。接触加熱により加熱し、加熱時間は１０秒とした。また、この処理をした後に、人工時効処理をした後の硬さについても調査した。図２において、人工時効処理前の結果を白三角で示し、人工時効処理をした後の結果を白丸で示す。いずれも、冷却した後に硬さ測定を実施した。 Next, FIG. 2 shows the results of investigating the relationship between the heating temperature and the hardness in the first step. The investigation was carried out on a plate material having a thickness of 2 mm made of A7075 which had been solution-treated and not artificially aged. It was heated by contact heating, and the heating time was 10 seconds. In addition, the hardness after the artificial aging treatment after this treatment was also investigated. In FIG. 2, the result before the artificial aging treatment is shown by a white triangle, and the result after the artificial aging treatment is shown by a white circle. In each case, the hardness was measured after cooling.
図２に示すように、加熱温度の条件が２００℃であれば、人工時効処理（時効硬化処理）をした後で、析出硬化している状態の硬さが得られている。また、加熱温度が２３０℃を超えると、人工時効処理をしても、硬度が低下している。これは、加熱温度が２３０℃を超えると、溶体化処理がなされた状態が維持されなくなるためと考えられる。また、関連する技術と同様の溶体化処理温度を超える温度条件では、人工時効処理をすることで、所定の十分な硬度が得られている。 As shown in FIG. 2, when the heating temperature condition is 200 ° C., the hardness in a state of precipitation hardening is obtained after artificial aging treatment (age hardening treatment). Further, when the heating temperature exceeds 230 ° C., the hardness is lowered even if the artificial aging treatment is performed. It is considered that this is because when the heating temperature exceeds 230 ° C., the state in which the solution treatment has been performed cannot be maintained. Further, under temperature conditions exceeding the solution treatment temperature similar to the related technology, a predetermined sufficient hardness is obtained by performing the artificial aging treatment.
次に、プレス加工（Ｖ曲げ）試験の結果について説明する。この試験により、第１工程における加熱温度がスプリングバックに及ぼす影響を検討した。プレス加工試験では、先端半径２ｍｍのパンチ（型）を用いてＶ曲げを実施した。成形速度は、１２０ｍｍ／ｓとし、下死点保持時間は５秒とした。プレス加工試験の結果を図３に示す。図３において、縦軸は、型におけるＶ曲げの角度と、成形した試験片におけるＶ曲げの角度との差（スプリングバック）を示している。また、図３において、人工時効処理前の結果を白三角で示し、人工時効処理をした後の結果を白丸で示す。 Next, the result of the press working (V bending) test will be described. By this test, the influence of the heating temperature in the first step on the springback was examined. In the press working test, V-bending was performed using a punch (mold) having a tip radius of 2 mm. The molding speed was 120 mm / s, and the bottom dead center holding time was 5 seconds. The results of the press working test are shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, the vertical axis shows the difference (springback) between the V-bending angle in the mold and the V-bending angle in the molded test piece. Further, in FIG. 3, the result before the artificial aging treatment is shown by a white triangle, and the result after the artificial aging treatment is shown by a white circle.
図３に示すように、第１工程における加熱温度条件が１６０℃以上で、ほとんどスプリングバックが生じていない。図３から明らかなように、スプリングバックに関しては、第１工程における温度条件が１６０〜２００℃程度であれば、溶体化処理温度を超える温度条件でプレス加工をした場合と遜色のない結果が得られている。このように、実施の形態によれば、より低温条件で、ほとんどスプリングバックの発生しない状態とすることができる。 As shown in FIG. 3, the heating temperature condition in the first step is 160 ° C. or higher, and almost no springback occurs. As is clear from FIG. 3, regarding the springback, if the temperature condition in the first step is about 160 to 200 ° C., the result is comparable to that in the case of press working under the temperature condition exceeding the solution treatment temperature. Has been done. As described above, according to the embodiment, it is possible to make the state in which springback hardly occurs under lower temperature conditions.
次に、加熱時間について調査した結果について図４に示す。なお、この調査は、溶体化処理をした後のＡ７０７５からなる板厚２ｍｍの板材に対して実施し、１６０℃および１８０℃に加熱処理をして冷却した後で、硬さの測定および電気伝導率の測定を実施している。調査の結果、加熱時間を１秒と短くしても、析出硬化状態の硬さが得られていることが判明した。また、加熱時間が１００秒を超えると、硬さの低下がみられた。また、電気伝導率にも変化が確認されている。これらの結果より、加熱時間は、プレス加工可能な状態となる温度となる範囲で、短い方がよいことがわかる。 Next, the result of investigating the heating time is shown in FIG. This survey was carried out on a plate material having a thickness of 2 mm made of A7075 after solution treatment, and after heat treatment at 160 ° C and 180 ° C and cooling, measurement of hardness and electrical conductivity. The rate is being measured. As a result of the investigation, it was found that the hardness in the precipitation hardening state was obtained even if the heating time was shortened to 1 second. Further, when the heating time exceeded 100 seconds, a decrease in hardness was observed. In addition, changes in electrical conductivity have also been confirmed. From these results, it can be seen that the heating time should be as short as possible within the range of the temperature at which press working is possible.
次に、溶体化処理をした後の自然放置（自然時効処理）の期間と、硬度との関係を調査した結果について図５に示す。この調査では、溶体化処理をしたＡ７０７５からなる板厚２ｍｍの板材に対し、接触加熱により１５０〜５００℃の範囲の加熱処理を実施し、水冷した後の硬さ、およびこの後で人工時効処理をした後の硬さを測定した。人工時効処理は、１２０℃・２４時間とした。 Next, FIG. 5 shows the results of investigating the relationship between the period of natural leaving (natural aging treatment) after the solution treatment and the hardness. In this investigation, a plate material having a thickness of 2 mm made of A7075 that had been solution-treated was heat-treated in the range of 150 to 500 ° C. by contact heating, and the hardness after water cooling and then artificial aging treatment. The hardness was measured after the above. The artificial aging treatment was performed at 120 ° C. for 24 hours.
図５において、破線は人工時効処理前の結果を示し、実線は、人工時効処理後の結果を示している。また、白四角は、自然放置期間が１日であり、黒三角は、自然放置期間が１週間日であり、黒四角は、自然放置期間が２週間日であり、黒丸は、自然放置期間が３週間日である。 In FIG. 5, the broken line shows the result before the artificial aging treatment, and the solid line shows the result after the artificial aging treatment. The white square has a natural leaving period of 1 day, the black triangle has a natural leaving period of 1 week, the black square has a natural leaving period of 2 weeks, and the black circle has a natural leaving period of 2 weeks. It's 3 weeks.
次に、溶体化処理をした後の自然放置（自然時効処理）の期間と、電気伝導率との関係を調査した結果について図６，図７に示す。この調査では、溶体化処理をしたＡ７０７５からなる板厚２ｍｍの板材に対し、接触加熱により１５０〜５００℃の範囲の加熱処理を実施し、水冷した後の電気伝導率、およびこの後で人工時効処理をした後の電気伝導度を測定した。人工時効処理は、１２０℃・２４時間とした。 Next, FIGS. 6 and 7 show the results of investigating the relationship between the period of natural leaving (natural aging treatment) after the solution treatment and the electrical conductivity. In this survey, a 2 mm thick plate made of A7075 that had been solution-treated was heat-treated in the range of 150 to 500 ° C by contact heating, and the electrical conductivity after water cooling and then artificial aging. The electrical conductivity after the treatment was measured. The artificial aging treatment was performed at 120 ° C. for 24 hours.
図６は、人工時効処理前の結果を示し、図７は、人工時効処理後の結果を示している。また、白四角は、自然放置期間が１日であり、黒三角は、自然放置期間が１週間日であり、黒丸は、自然放置期間が３週間日である。 FIG. 6 shows the result before the artificial aging treatment, and FIG. 7 shows the result after the artificial aging treatment. In addition, the white square has a natural leaving period of 1 day, the black triangle has a natural leaving period of 1 week, and the black circle has a natural leaving period of 3 weeks.
以上の結果より、溶体化処理をした後で１週間以上経過することで、実施の形態におけるアルミニウム合金の成形方法により、人工時効処理後に十分な高度が得られていることが分かる。また、第１工程における加熱温度は、２５０℃が上限と考えられる。これを超えた温度で加熱すると、硬度の低下が確認された。なお、図２に示す結果より明らかなように、第１工程における加熱温度は、１５０℃以上であればよい。 From the above results, it can be seen that one week or more has passed after the solution treatment, and the aluminum alloy molding method in the embodiment has obtained a sufficient altitude after the artificial aging treatment. Further, it is considered that the upper limit of the heating temperature in the first step is 250 ° C. When heated at a temperature exceeding this, a decrease in hardness was confirmed. As is clear from the results shown in FIG. 2, the heating temperature in the first step may be 150 ° C. or higher.
なお、本発明のアルミニウム合金の成形方法によれば、プレス加工時の下死点保持時間を短くしても、プレス加工後の硬さの低下に大きな変化は見られないことが判明している。従って、本発明によれば、従来のように、下死点の保持を所定の時間かける必要がなく、処理時間を短縮することが可能になる。 According to the method for forming an aluminum alloy of the present invention, it has been found that even if the bottom dead center holding time during press working is shortened, there is no significant change in the decrease in hardness after press working. .. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to take a predetermined time to hold the bottom dead center as in the conventional case, and the processing time can be shortened.
また、本発明によれば、２００℃程度の温度でプレス加工するため、潤滑剤および金型表面処理を用いることなく、焼き付きの発生が抑制できるという利点がある。 Further, according to the present invention, since the press working is performed at a temperature of about 200 ° C., there is an advantage that the occurrence of seizure can be suppressed without using a lubricant and a mold surface treatment.
以上に説明したように、本発明によれば、アルミニウム合金からなる溶体化処理がされている板材を、溶体化処理がなされた状態が維持された状態で加熱し、溶体化処理がなされた状態を維持してプレス加工するので、アルミニウム合金が、より低コストで成形できるようになるという優れた効果が得られる。 As described above, according to the present invention, a plate material which has been solution-treated from an aluminum alloy is heated in a state where the solution-treated state is maintained, and the solution-treated state is performed. Since the press working is carried out while maintaining the above, the excellent effect that the aluminum alloy can be formed at a lower cost can be obtained.
なお、本発明は以上に説明した実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の技術的思想内で、当分野において通常の知識を有する者により、多くの変形および組み合わせが実施可能であることは明白である。例えば、上述した実施の形態では、７０００系アルミニウム合金を例に説明したが、これに限るものではなく、２０００系、６０００系のアルミニウム合金であっても、同様の効果が得られる。 The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and many modifications and combinations can be carried out by a person having ordinary knowledge in the art within the technical idea of the present invention. That is clear. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the 7000 series aluminum alloy has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the same effect can be obtained with 2000 series and 6000 series aluminum alloys.
Claims (3)
前記第１工程の直後に前記板材をプレス加工して成形体とする第２工程と、
プレス加工した成形体を人工時効処理する第３工程と
を備え、
前記第１工程では、前記板材を１５０℃〜２５０℃の範囲のいずれかの温度に加熱し、加熱時間を最大でも１００秒とする
ことを特徴とするアルミニウム合金の成形方法。 After the solution treatment made of aluminum alloy, the first step of heating the plate material that has not been artificially aged while maintaining the state of being solution-treated,
Immediately after the first step, the second step of pressing the plate material into a molded body and
It is equipped with a third step of artificially aging the pressed molded product.
The first step is a method for forming an aluminum alloy, which comprises heating the plate material to any temperature in the range of 150 ° C. to 250 ° C. and setting the heating time to 100 seconds at the maximum .
前記第１工程では、前記板材を接触加熱により加熱することを特徴とするアルミニウム合金の成形方法。 In the molding method of claim 1 Symbol placement of an aluminum alloy,
The first step is a method for forming an aluminum alloy, which comprises heating the plate material by contact heating.
前記アルミニウム合金は、Ａｌ−Ｚｎ−Ｍｇ系合金またはＡｌ−Ｚｎ−Ｍｇ−Ｃｕ系合金であることを特徴とするアルミニウム合金の成形方法。 In the method for molding an aluminum alloy according to claim 1 or 2 .
A method for forming an aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy is an Al-Zn-Mg-based alloy or an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu based alloy.
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