JP6789233B2 - 燃焼機関のための白金含有触媒 - Google Patents
燃焼機関のための白金含有触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6789233B2 JP6789233B2 JP2017546874A JP2017546874A JP6789233B2 JP 6789233 B2 JP6789233 B2 JP 6789233B2 JP 2017546874 A JP2017546874 A JP 2017546874A JP 2017546874 A JP2017546874 A JP 2017546874A JP 6789233 B2 JP6789233 B2 JP 6789233B2
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- catalyst
- diesel oxidation
- oxidation catalyst
- diesel
- complex
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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Description
本願で提供されるのは、慣らされた触媒材料、並びにかかる材料(例えば慣らされたDOCおよびCSF触媒)の製造方法および使用である。特に、白金を含有する、つまり、白金(Pt)のみ、および白金/パラジウム(Pt/Pd)触媒を含有するDOCおよびCSF触媒は、NO酸化のために特に好ましいPt酸化状態とPt表面配置との両方を有する。本願内で詳細に記載されるとおり、かかる表面変換を、例えば、か焼炉における空気中での450〜500℃の範囲の温度での従来のか焼を、加湿空気中での約500℃以上の温度の処理条件で置き換えることによって達成できる。この方法は、製造される新鮮な触媒を、非常に望ましい特徴である完全に慣らされた状態にすることを可能にする。
高表面積の耐火性金属酸化物担体上に白金成分を含む触媒材料を得る段階、
前記触媒材料を支持体上に堆積して、ディーゼル酸化触媒複合体を形成する段階、および
前記触媒材料を少なくとも約500℃の温度で、湿分および酸素の存在下で処理して、完全に慣らされたディーゼル酸化触媒複合体を形成する段階、
によって製造される。
高表面積の耐火性金属酸化物担体上に白金成分を含む触媒材料を得ること、
前記触媒材料を支持体上に堆積して、ディーゼル酸化触媒複合体を形成すること、および
前記触媒材料を少なくとも約500℃の温度条件下で、湿分および酸素の存在下で処理して、完全に慣らされたディーゼル酸化触媒複合体を形成すること、
を含む前記方法である。
高表面積の耐火性金属酸化物担体上に白金成分を含む触媒材料を得る段階、
前記触媒材料を支持体上に堆積して、ディーゼル酸化触媒複合体を形成する段階、および
前記触媒材料を少なくとも約500℃の温度で、湿分および酸素の存在下で処理して、完全に慣らされたディーゼル酸化触媒複合体を形成する段階、
によって製造される、前記ディーゼル酸化触媒複合体を提供する。
本開示の様々な実施態様の以下の詳細な説明を、下記の添付図と関連付けて考慮することにより、本開示をより完全に理解できる:
本願内で記載されるDOCおよびCSF触媒において使用するための慣らされた触媒材料の提供は、下流のSCR触媒性能に素晴らしい影響を及ぼすことができる。慣らしを通じて、触媒表面上の白金(Pt)は、NO酸化のためにより効率的且つ有利になる。具体的には、NO酸化は、金属Ptの平坦な表面上で最も有利である。慣らしの間、表面のPtにおいて2つの主たる効果がある。慣らしの第1の効果は、表面のPtの酸化状態が、PtOxから金属Ptに変化することである。第二に、Pt微結晶の表面の結晶面の変化がある。図2Bに、Pt表面の微結晶が図示されており、新鮮な状態においては多数の「欠陥サイト」、または多くの角もしくはキンクが存在する配置を有する。慣らしにより、表面のPtはテラス状の箇所またはテラス状の配置を支配的に有するように変化する。一酸化炭素の拡散反射フーリエ変換赤外分光法(CO−DRIFTS)により測定される約2085〜2105cm-1のピーク振動数の存在は、テラス状の配置でのPtを示す。慣らしの間の活性の変化は、Ptの分散には関連していない。
触媒材料は、例えば、白金および/またはパラジウムの原料と、担体、例えば高表面積の耐火性金属酸化物担体とを混合することによって得られる。
支持体上に堆積された各々のウォッシュコート層を乾燥させ且つか焼する。乾燥条件は典型的には温度約100℃〜約125℃である。製造の間に慣らしを達成するためのか焼は、例えば、約500℃〜約650℃で、加湿空気中で、触媒を通過する空気の流速に依存して、約30秒〜約3時間、好ましくは約1分〜約1時間、あるいは約10〜約30分の間、加熱することによって達成される。より高い温度およびより速い流速は、必要とする時間を短くする。蒸気の含有率は、使用される炉の条件に依存して適宜変化し得る。約0.1〜約20%、または約1〜約10%、または約1.5〜約7%、または約5%の範囲の体積含有率の蒸気を使用できる。加湿空気の流速は、製造の間の慣らしの速度に影響を及ぼす。流速が低いほど、か焼/慣らしのためにより長い時間が必要とされる。
1つまたはそれより多くの実施態様において、本願内で開示される触媒材料は支持体上に配置される。
様々な実施態様を以下に列挙する。以下に列挙される実施態様を、本発明の範疇に従う全ての態様および他の実施態様と組み合わせることができることが理解されるべきである。
高表面積の耐火性金属酸化物担体上に白金成分を含む触媒材料を得ること、
前記触媒材料を支持体上に堆積して、前記複合体を形成すること、および
前記触媒材料を少なくとも500℃の温度条件下で、湿分および酸素の存在下で処理して、完全に慣らされたディーゼル酸化触媒複合体を形成すること、
を含む前記方法。
5%のSiO2−Al2O3担体材料を、コロイド状Ptおよび(担体に対して)2.5%のアルミナ結合剤の希釈溶液中に添加し、前記混合物をD90=12〜15μmに粉砕し、次いで、適切な固形分含有率でハニカム基材上に被覆した。得られるウォッシュコートの装填量は1.037g/in3であり、Pt装填量は10g/ft3であった。110℃/4時間の乾燥後、触媒を450℃で1時間、空気中、従来の箱形炉内でか焼した。
例A.1による新鮮な触媒材料を10.5×10.5×6’’の寸法の実物大の基材上に被覆し、次いでそれをヘビーデューティディーゼルエンジン上に搭載し、150〜450℃の温度範囲におけるライトオフプロトコルで評価した。固定されたエンジン速度でエンジンの負荷を連続的に増加することによって温度の傾きを実現した。エンジン慣らしの手順(DOC入口で550℃で30分間)を次に適用した。エンジンで慣らされた触媒をNO酸化活性について再試験した。比較例A.2と新鮮な比較例A.1との比較を図1に示し、そこでは、エンジン慣らしが、NO酸化活性を新鮮な触媒に比して改善したことが示される。ディーゼル車両の実際の稼働において、エンジンにおけるそのような慣らしは数百時間の稼働時間がかかることがあるか、または決して起こらないことがあるので、製造時から慣らされた触媒を提供する必要がある。
例Aの触媒を、ディーゼルエンジンのシミュレートされた稼働条件下で、500ppmのNO、100ppmのCO、10ppmのC3H6、5%のCO2、10%のO2および7%のH2Oを、残分(balance)のN2中で含有するガス混合物を用い、ラボ用反応器において、500℃で1時間、流速12L/分で試験した。図2は、比較例A.1の新鮮な触媒について、およびディーゼルエンジンのシミュレートされた条件下で慣らされた比較例Bの触媒について、CO吸着強度対波数(cm-1)のグラフを示す。
製造の間の慣らし
5%のSiO2−Al2O3担体材料を、コロイド状Ptおよび(担体に対して)2.5%のアルミナ結合剤の希釈溶液中に添加し、前記混合物をD90=12〜15μmに粉砕し、次いで、適切な固形分含有率でハニカム基材上に被覆した。得られるウォッシュコートの装填量は1.037g/in3であり、Pt装填量は10g/ft3であった。110℃/4時間での乾燥後、触媒をSV=50000/時間で、流通型の管状炉内、12L/分の流速で、表1に列挙される様々な条件下でか焼した。流通ガスは、10%のO2および7%のH2O(該当の場合)の、残分のN2中での混合物を含有した。
1.5%のSiO2−Al2O3材料を、希釈されたPtアミン錯体溶液で、インシピエントウエットネス法で含浸した。次いで、例1に記載したように、スラリーを粉砕し且つハニカム基材上に被覆した。乾燥後、触媒を450℃で1時間、空気中、箱形炉内でか焼した。
例2.1を、比較例Cと同じ触媒スラリーから形成し、それをハニカム基材上に被覆し、且つ乾燥後、触媒を流通型の管状炉内、590℃で10分間、10%のO2および7%のH2Oの、残分のN2中での混合物の存在下でか焼した。例1.4について記載されたとおり、流速は12L/分であり且つ空間速度は50000/時間であった。
例1により製造された2つの乾燥された触媒を、550℃で20分間、7質量%(例1.3)または1.7質量%(例3)のいずれかの蒸気の存在下でか焼した。両方の触媒は、か焼直後に類似のNO酸化活性を示した(図6)。
例2により製造された2つの乾燥された触媒を、550℃で30分間、7質量%の蒸気空気中、12L/分(例1.3)または1L/分(例4)のいずれかの流速でか焼した。1L/分で30分間、か焼された触媒は、不完全な慣らしの結果として、より低い活性を示した(図7)。この例は、Pt表面の完全な安定化を達成するためには、蒸気空気の最低量が設定された時間の間、触媒を通過することを必要とすることを実証する。
硝酸Pd溶液を、希釈されたコロイド状Pt溶液中に添加して、希釈されたPt/Pd溶液を製造し、続いてアルミナ結合剤(担体に対して2.5%)を添加し、5%のSiO2−Al2O3担体材料を前記溶液に添加し、且つ前記混合物をD90=12〜15μmに粉砕し、次いで適切な固形分含有率でハニカム支持体上に被覆した。得られるウォッシュコートの装填量は1.037g/in3であり、Pt:Pdの装填量は10g/ft3であり、質量比は7:1であった。110℃/4時間の乾燥後、触媒を450℃で1時間、空気中、箱形炉内でか焼した。
比較例Dについて製造されたものと同じスラリーを使用し、モノリスを被覆し、且つ110℃で4時間乾燥させ、触媒を流通型の管状炉内、590℃で10分間、10%のO2および7%のH2Oの、残分のN2中での混合物の存在下でか焼した。流速は12L/分であり且つ空間速度は50000/時間であった。
例1の触媒材料を10.5×10.5×6’’の寸法の実物大の基材上に被覆した。110℃での乾燥後、触媒を4%のH2O/空気中、590℃で30分間か焼した。次いで、触媒をヘビーデューティディーゼルエンジン上に搭載し、温度範囲150〜450℃においてNO酸化活性について評価した。固定されたエンジン速度でエンジンの負荷を連続的に増加することによって温度の傾きを実現した。
次いで例6.1の触媒を550℃で30分間、ディーゼルエンジン上で処理して、NO酸化活性における変化を測定した。例6.2の触媒をNO酸化活性について試験し、例6.1の活性と比較した。結果を図9に示し、そこでは、活性における最小の変化が観察された。
Claims (20)
- 支持体上のディーゼル酸化触媒材料を含み、前記触媒材料は高表面積の耐火性金属酸化物担体上の白金成分を含む、ディーゼル酸化触媒複合体であって、前記触媒材料が、ディーゼルエンジンを有する車両の稼働条件への曝露の前に、CO−DRIFTSによって測定される2085〜2105cm-1の範囲のピーク振動数を示し、前記触媒複合体が、触媒材料の製造の間に完全に慣らされている、前記ディーゼル酸化触媒複合体。
- 前記触媒材料が、CO−DRIFTSによって測定される>2110cm-1で見られる白金酸化物種を本質的に含まない、請求項1のディーゼル酸化触媒複合体。
- ディーゼルエンジンを有する車両の、200℃〜350℃の範囲での連続稼働への曝露に際し、前記触媒材料がCO−DRIFTSによって測定される2085〜2105cm-1のピーク振動数を示し続ける、請求項1に記載のディーゼル酸化触媒複合体。
- 前記白金成分が粒子の形態であり、且つ、CO化学吸着法によって測定される0.5〜6nmの範囲の平均粒径を有する、請求項1に記載のディーゼル酸化触媒複合体。
- 前記触媒材料がさらにパラジウム成分を含む、請求項1に記載のディーゼル酸化触媒複合体。
- 白金対パラジウムの質量比が10:1〜2:1である、請求項5に記載のディーゼル酸化触媒複合体。
- 前記支持体がフロースルー基材またはウォールフローフィルターである、請求項1に記載のディーゼル酸化触媒複合体。
- 前記高表面積の耐火性金属酸化物担体がアルミナ、チタニア、ジルコニア、セリア、シリカまたはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載のディーゼル酸化触媒複合体。
- 以下の段階:
高表面積の耐火性金属酸化物担体上に白金成分を含む触媒材料を得る段階、
前記触媒材料を支持体上に堆積して、複合体を形成する段階、および
前記触媒材料を少なくとも500℃の温度条件下で、湿分および酸素の存在下で処理して、ディーゼル酸化触媒複合体を形成する段階、
によって製造される、請求項1から8までのいずれか1項に記載のディーゼル酸化触媒複合体の製造方法。 - 窒素酸化物(NOx)を含むガス流の処理方法であって、前記ガス流が、請求項1から8までのいずれか1項に記載のディーゼル酸化触媒複合体を通過することを含む前記方法。
- 前記ガス流がディーゼルエンジンからの排気ガス流である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 完全に慣らされたディーゼル酸化触媒複合体を形成する方法であって、
高表面積の耐火性金属酸化物担体上に白金成分を含む触媒材料を得ること、
前記触媒材料を支持体上に堆積して、ディーゼル酸化触媒複合体を形成すること、および
前記触媒材料を少なくとも500℃の温度で、湿分および酸素の存在下で処理して、完全に慣らされたディーゼル酸化触媒複合体を形成すること、
を含み、前記触媒複合体が、触媒材料の製造の間に完全に慣らされている、前記方法。 - 前記触媒材料を、白金成分と高表面積の耐火性金属酸化物担体とのスラリーとして準備する、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記処理段階を前記堆積段階の前に実施する、請求項12または13に記載の方法。
- 前記処理段階を前記堆積段階の後に実施する、請求項12または13に記載の方法。
- 前記高表面積の耐火性金属酸化物担体を最初に支持体に施与して、続いて白金成分を添加し、白金成分を支持体上に堆積する段階の後に、触媒材料を処理する、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記温度が、550℃〜650℃の範囲である、請求項12または13に記載の方法。
- 前記湿分が、0.1〜20体積%の範囲である、請求項12または13に記載の方法。
- 前記処理段階の時間が、30秒〜3時間の範囲である、請求項12または13に記載の方法。
- 支持体上のディーゼル酸化触媒材料を含み、前記触媒材料が高表面積の耐火性金属酸化物担体上の白金成分を含む、完全に慣らされたディーゼル酸化触媒複合体の製造方法であって、前記触媒材料は、ディーゼルエンジンを有する車両の稼働条件への曝露前にCO−DRIFTSによって測定される2085〜2105cm-1の範囲のピーク振動数を示し、以下の段階:
高表面積の耐火性金属酸化物担体上に白金成分を含む触媒材料を得る段階、
前記触媒材料を支持体上に堆積して、ディーゼル酸化触媒複合体を形成する段階、および
前記触媒材料を少なくとも500℃の温度で、湿分および酸素の存在下で処理して、完全に慣らされたディーゼル酸化触媒複合体を形成する段階、
によって製造され、前記触媒複合体が、触媒材料の製造の間に完全に慣らされている、前記ディーゼル酸化触媒複合体の製造方法。
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CA2978302C (en) | 2023-12-19 |
KR102577494B1 (ko) | 2023-09-12 |
US10766020B2 (en) | 2020-09-08 |
KR20170125904A (ko) | 2017-11-15 |
US20180036716A1 (en) | 2018-02-08 |
EP3265225A4 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
ZA202006104B (en) | 2024-04-24 |
ZA201706530B (en) | 2021-01-27 |
WO2016141176A1 (en) | 2016-09-09 |
CN107548320A (zh) | 2018-01-05 |
EP3265225A1 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
RU2017134889A3 (ja) | 2019-05-16 |
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