JP6782289B2 - 修飾rsv fタンパク質及びその使用方法 - Google Patents
修飾rsv fタンパク質及びその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6782289B2 JP6782289B2 JP2018242108A JP2018242108A JP6782289B2 JP 6782289 B2 JP6782289 B2 JP 6782289B2 JP 2018242108 A JP2018242108 A JP 2018242108A JP 2018242108 A JP2018242108 A JP 2018242108A JP 6782289 B2 JP6782289 B2 JP 6782289B2
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Description
本願は、2008年12月9日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/121,126号、2009年4月14日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/169,077号、及び2009年7月10日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/224,787号に対する優先権を主張し、その各々が、全ての目的のために全体として参照により本明細書に援用される。
本発明は、概して、修飾又は変異呼吸器合胞体ウイルス融合(F)タンパク質、並びにRSV感染の治療及び/又は予防のための、ワクチンなどの免疫原性組成物を含む、それらの作製方法及び使用方法に関する。
定義
本明細書において、用語「アジュバント」は、製剤中で特定の免疫原(例えば修飾若しくは変異RSV Fタンパク質、修飾若しくは変異RSV Fタンパク質を含むRSV Fミセル、又は修飾若しくは変異RSV Fタンパク質を含むVLP)と組み合わせて使用されるとき、得られる免疫応答を増強するか、あるいは改変若しくは修飾する化合物を指す。免疫応答の修飾には、抗体応答及び細胞性免疫応答の一方又は双方の特異性の強化又は拡大が含まれる。免疫応答の修飾はまた、特定の抗原特異的免疫応答の低下又は抑制も意味し得る。
2つの構造膜タンパク質であるF及びGタンパク質は、RSVの表面上で発現し、中和抗体の標的であることが示されている(Sullender, W., 2000, Clinical Microbiology Review 13, 1-15)。これらの2つのタンパク質はまた、ウイルス認識及び標的細胞への侵入にも主として関与している;Gタンパク質は特定の細胞受容体に結合し、Fタンパク質はウイルスの細胞との融合を促進する。Fタンパク質はまた、感染細胞の表面上でも発現し、合胞体の形成をもたらす他の細胞との続く融合にも関与している。従って、Fタンパク質に対する抗体は、ウイルスを中和し、又はウイルスの細胞への侵入を阻止し、又は合胞体の形成を防止することができる。サブタイプAとBとの抗原性及び構造の違いが、Gタンパク質及びFタンパク質の双方について記載されているが、Gタンパク質にはより大きい抗原性の違いが存在し、ここではアミノ酸配列が53%しか相同でなく、抗原性における関連性は5%である(Walsh et al. (1987) J. Infect. Dis. 155, 1198-1204;及びJohnson et al. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 5625-5629)。逆に、Fタンパク質に対して生じる抗体は、サブタイプA及びBウイルスの間で高度な交差反応性を示す。
本発明者らは、驚くことに、RSV Fタンパク質の構造に対して特定の修飾が加えられると、融合(F)タンパク質の高レベルの発現が実現され得ることを発見した。かかる修飾はまた、意外にも、宿主細胞におけるRSV Fタンパク質の細胞毒性を低減する。加えて、本発明の修飾Fタンパク質は、前融合「ロッド」形態との対照としての後融合「ロリポップ」形態を呈する能力の向上を示す。従って、一態様において、本発明の修飾Fタンパク質はまた、野生型Fタンパク質(例えば配列番号2により例示される、これはGenBank受託番号AAB59858に対応する)と比較して免疫原性の向上(例えば亢進)を呈することもできる。こうした修飾は、RSVの治療及び/又は予防用ワクチンの開発及び前記ワクチンの使用方法に多大な応用を有する。
本発明はまた、RSV感染又はその疾患症状の少なくとも1つから脊椎動物(例えばヒト)を防御するためのワクチン又は抗原製剤に製剤化することのできる、修飾又は変異RSV Fタンパク質を含むRSVウイルス様粒子(VLP)も包含する。いくつかの実施形態において、修飾又は変異RSV Fタンパク質を含むVLPはさらに、M、N、G、及びSHなどのさらなるRSVタンパク質を含む。他の実施形態において、修飾又は変異RSV Fタンパク質を含むVLPはさらに、インフルエンザウイルスタンパク質HA、NA、及びM1などの異種ウイルス株由来のタンパク質を含む。一実施形態において、インフルエンザウイルスタンパク質M1は、トリインフルエンザウイルス株に由来する。
現在、RSV疾患の予防に対して唯一認可が下りている手法は、受動免疫法である。IgGの防御的役割を示唆する初期のエビデンスは、フェレット(Prince, G. A., Ph.D. diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 1975)及びヒト(Lambrecht et al., (1976) J. Infect. Dis. 134, 211-217;及びGlezen et al. (1981) J. Pediatr. 98,708-715)における移行抗体(maternal antibldy)が関わる観察から得られた。Hemming et al.(Morell et al., eds., 1986, Clinical Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulins, Academic Press, London 285-294頁)は、新生児敗血症を有することが疑われる新生児における静注用免疫グロブリン(IVIG)の薬物動態が関わる研究のなかで、RSV感染の治療又は予防にRSV抗体が有用である可能性を認識した。彼らは、呼吸器分泌物からRSVが得られた1人の乳児が、IVIG注入後に急速に回復したことを指摘した。続くIVIGロットの分析から、著しく高いRSV中和抗体力価が明らかとなった。次に、この同じ研究者グループは、RSV中和抗体を濃縮した高度免疫血清又は免疫グロブリンの、RSV感染からコットンラット及び霊長類を防御する能力を調べた(Prince et al. (1985) Virus Res. 3, 193-206;Prince et al. (1990) J. Virol. 64, 3091-3092。これらの研究の結果から、予防的に投与されたRSV中和抗体がコットンラットにおいて気道でのRSV複製を阻害することが示唆された。治療的に投与されるとき、RSV抗体は、コットンラット及び非ヒト霊長類モデルの双方において肺でのウイルス複製を低減した。さらに、免疫血清又は免疫グロブリンの受動注入が、続いてRSVによりチャレンジしたコットンラットにおいて肺病理の亢進をもたらすことはなかった。
本明細書で有用な医薬組成物は、任意の好適な希釈剤又は賦形剤を含めた、それ自体が組成物を投与される脊椎動物に有害な免疫応答の生成を誘導することはない任意の薬学的作用物質を含み、且つ過度の毒性なしに投与され得る薬学的に許容可能な担体と、本発明の修飾若しくは変異RSV Fタンパク質、修飾若しくは変異RSV Fタンパク質を含むRSV Fミセル、又は修飾若しくは変異RSV Fタンパク質を含むVLPとを含有する。本明細書において、用語「薬学的に許容可能な」とは、連邦政府若しくは州政府の規制当局により承認されているか、又はU.S. Pharmacopia、European Pharmacopia若しくはその他の、哺乳動物、及びより詳細にはヒトにおける使用についての一般的に認められている薬局方に掲載されていることを意味する。これらの組成物は、脊椎動物において防御免疫応答を誘導するためのワクチン及び/又は抗原組成物として有用であり得る。
本発明の修飾若しくは変異RSV Fタンパク質、修飾若しくは変異RSV Fタンパク質を含むRSV Fミセル、又はVLPは、感染病原体に対する免疫又は実質的な免疫を付与する免疫応答を刺激する組成物の調製に有用である。粘膜免疫及び細胞性免疫の双方が、感染病原体及び疾患に対する免疫に寄与し得る。上気道において局所的に分泌される抗体は、自然感染に対する抵抗性の主因子である。分泌性免疫グロブリンA(sIgA)が上気道の防御に関わり、及び血清IgGが下気道の防御に関わる。感染によって誘導された免疫応答は、同じウイルス又は抗原的に類似したウイルス株による再感染を防御する。例えば、RSVは頻繁な予測不可能な変化を受ける;従って、自然感染後、宿主の免疫により提供される防御の有効期間は、コミュニティに循環するウイルスの新株に対しては数年間のみ有効であり得る。
組換えバクミドの生成、昆虫細胞のトランスフェクションによる組換えウイルスストックの作製、プラーク精製、及び一次ウイルスストックによる昆虫細胞の感染。
組換えウイルスを構築するため、目的のウイルス遺伝子をSf9昆虫細胞発現に対してコドン最適化し、pFastBac(商標)ベクターにクローニングした。
修飾HRSV Fタンパク質の発現、精製、及び分析
目的の修飾HRSV Fタンパク質をコードする遺伝子を重複オリゴヌクレオチドとしてインビトロで合成し、宿主細胞にクローニングして発現させた。修飾RSV F遺伝子のクローニング及び発現は、当該技術分野において公知の方法に従い実現した。
Fタンパク質BV #541をコードする修飾HRSV F遺伝子
完全長HRSV Fタンパク質を発現させる最初の試みでは、高レベルの実現は不成功であることが判明した。発現に使用したF遺伝子配列は、配列番号1(野生型HRSV F遺伝子、GenBank受託番号M11486)であった。これは、574アミノ酸の不活性前駆体(F0)をコードする。この前駆体は、成熟する間にフューリン様プロテアーゼにより2回切断され、N末端からのサブユニットF2とC末端からのF1との2つのジスルフィド結合したポリペプチドをもたらす(図1)。2つの切断部位は残基109位及び136位であり、これらにフューリン認識モチーフが先行する(RARR、aa 106〜109(配列番号23)及びKKRKRR、aa 131〜136(配列番号24))。配列番号1のF遺伝子配列は、Sf9昆虫細胞における発現について準最適コドン使用頻度を含み、3個のエラーを内包して、最適以下の折り畳みを呈し得るタンパク質(配列番号2、GenBank受託番号AAB59858)を産生する。加えて、F2サブユニットをコードする領域に可能性のあるポリ(A)アデニリル化部位(ATAAAA)が同定された。さらに、野生型F遺伝子配列は約65%のATリッチであり、一方、Sf9昆虫細胞発現系における遺伝子配列の所望のGC−AT比は約1:1である。
(a)3つのGenBank配列決定エラーを修正した;
(b)F2サブユニットをコードする領域におけるクリプティックポリ(A)部位を修飾した;
(c)F遺伝子コドンを最適化した;及び
(d)F遺伝子が、不活性化された一次切断部位を有する修飾Fタンパク質をコードする。
F1サブユニット融合ドメイン部分欠失を有する修飾HRSV Fタンパク質
RSV Fタンパク質の発現をさらに向上させるため、以下の修飾を含む、さらに修飾したHRSV F遺伝子を設計した:
(a)3つのGenBank配列決定エラーを修正した;
(b)F2サブユニットをコードする領域におけるクリプティックポリ(A)部位を修飾した;
(c)F遺伝子コドンを最適化した;及び
(d)F1サブユニット融合ドメインをコードするヌクレオチド配列を部分的に欠失させた。一実験では、F1サブユニット融合ドメインの最初の10アミノ酸(配列番号2のアミノ酸137〜146位に対応する)をコードするヌクレオチド配列を欠失させた。
不活性化した一次切断部位とF1融合ドメイン部分欠失との双方を有する修飾HRSV Fタンパク質
不活性化した一次切断部位とF1融合ドメイン部分欠失との組み合わせが、特にSf9昆虫細胞におけるRSV Fタンパク質の発現をさらに促進し得るかどうかを判断するため、以下の修飾を含む別の修飾RSV F遺伝子を設計した:
(a)3つのGenBank配列決定エラーを修正した;
(b)F2サブユニットをコードする領域におけるクリプティックポリ(A)部位を修飾した;
(c)F遺伝子コドンを最適化した;
(d)一次切断部位を不活性化した;及び
(e)F1サブユニット融合ドメインをコードするヌクレオチド配列を部分的に欠失させた。一実験において、F1サブユニット融合ドメインの最初の10アミノ酸(配列番号2のアミノ酸137〜146位に対応する)をコードするヌクレオチド配列を欠失させた。
修飾HRSV Fタンパク質BV #683の発現及び精製
修飾HRSV Fタンパク質BV #683(例えばFタンパク質683、配列番号8)を、実施例1に記載されるとおりバキュロウイルス発現系で発現させて、HRSV Fタンパク質BV #683を発現する組換えプラークを選んで確認した。次にSf9昆虫細胞を感染させることにより組換えウイルスを増幅した。昆虫細胞の培養物をバキュロウイルスに3MOI(感染多重度=ウイルスffu又はpfu/細胞)で感染させた。感染の48〜72時間後に培養物及び上清を回収した。粗回収物の約30mLを、約800×gで15分間遠心することにより清澄化した。HRSV Fタンパク質BV #683を含む得られた粗細胞回収物を以下に記載されるとおり精製した。
精製HRSV Fタンパク質BV #683ミセル(ロゼット)
精製HRSV Fタンパク質BV #683を、ネガティブ染色電子顕微鏡法により分析した(図11を参照)。Fタンパク質は、野生型HRSV Fタンパク質(Calder et al., 2000, Virology 271, pp. 122-131)、及び他の完全長ウイルス膜糖タンパク質(Wrigley et al., Academic Press, London, 1986, vol. 5, pp. 103-163)について観察されるものと同様に、ミセル(ロゼット)の形態に凝集した。電子顕微鏡下では、Fスパイクは、幅広のほうの端部がロゼットの中心から離れる方に突出しているロリポップ形状のロッド形態を呈する。単一の三量体の長さは約20nmであり、ミセル粒径は約40nmであった(図12を参照)。これらの結果は、HRSV Fタンパク質BV #683が、天然の活性タンパク質についての3D構造を修正したことを示している。
VLP産生における修飾HRSV Fタンパク質のBRSV M及び/又はHRSV Nとの共発現
本発明はまた、修飾又は変異RSV Fタンパク質を含むVLPも提供する。かかるVLPは、ウイルスタンパク質抗原に対する中和抗体を誘導するのに有用であり、従ってRSVに対する免疫を確立するために投与することができる。例えば、かかるVLPは、修飾RSV Fタンパク質とBRSV M及び/又はHRSV Nタンパク質とを含み得る。BRSV M(配列番号14)又はHRSV N(配列番号18)タンパク質をコードする遺伝子のコドンは、昆虫細胞における発現に対して最適化され得る。例えば、最適化されたBRSV M遺伝子配列が配列番号13に示され、最適化されたRSV N遺伝子配列が配列番号17に示される。
高発現を伴うキメラHRSV Fタンパク質のスクリーニング
昆虫細胞において可溶形態で高度に発現することができ、より良好な収率でVLPを形成することができるさらなるRSV Fタンパク質をスクリーニングするための試行がなされた。様々なF遺伝子を設計し、発現させて分析した。ウエスタンブロット及びSDS−PAGEの双方を使用して発現を評価した。
マウスにおけるRSV中和アッセイ及びRSVチャレンジ試験
RSV感染の予防における修飾HRSV Fタンパク質BV #683を含むワクチンの効率を試験するため、マウスにおいて中和アッセイ及びRSVチャレンジ試験を行った。実験手順を図17に示す。
コットンラットにおける組換えRSV Fミセル活性
この例では、動物群は、生RSV(RSV)、ホルマリン不活性化RSV(FI−RSV)、アルミニウムを伴う及び伴わないRSV−Fタンパク質BV #683(PFP及びPFP+アルミニウムアジュバント)、並びにPBS対照による0日目及び21日目の免疫化を含んだ。
Claims (13)
- 呼吸器合胞体ウイルス(RSV)融合(F)タンパク質であって:
(a) 野生型RSV Fタンパク質(配列番号2)の137〜146位に対応するアミノ酸のN末端側からの2以上の欠失;及び
(b)野生型RSV Fタンパク質(配列番号2)の131〜136位のアミノ酸に対応する一次フューリン切断部位であって、前記131〜136位における1又は複数のアミノ酸置換によって不活性化し、前記133位、135位及び136位から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つのアミノ酸が中性アミノ酸に置換した一次フューリン切断部位;を含み、
前記RSV Fタンパク質が、野生型RSV Fタンパク質と比較して、昆虫宿主細胞中における発現量が増加しており、
前記タンパク質がシグナルペプチドを有さず、
前記タンパク質が二次フューリン切断部位でF1サブユニットとF2サブユニットとに切断されており、ここで、前記二次フューリン切断部位は、野生型RSV Fタンパク質(配列番号2)の106〜109位のアミノ酸に対応し、
切断された前記F1サブユニットと前記F2サブユニットとが、ジスルフィド結合により結合した、RSV Fタンパク質。 - 野生型RSV Fタンパク質(配列番号2)のアルギニン133位、アルギニン135位、及びアルギニン136位からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸に対応する位置に少なくとも2つのアミノ酸置換を含む、請求項1に記載のRSV Fタンパク質。
- 野生型RSV Fタンパク質(配列番号2)のアルギニン133位、アルギニン135位、及びアルギニン136位のアミノ酸に対応する位置に3つのアミノ酸置換を含む、請求項1に記載のRSV Fタンパク質。
- 野生型RSV Fタンパク質(配列番号2)のアルギニン133位、アルギニン135位、及びアルギニン136位からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸に対応する位置の少なくとも2つのアミノ酸がグルタミンに置換される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のRSV Fタンパク質。
- 野生型RSV Fタンパク質(配列番号2)のアルギニン133位、アルギニン135位、及びアルギニン136位のアミノ酸に対応する位置の3つのアミノ酸がグルタミンに置換される、請求項3に記載のRSV Fタンパク質。
- 野生型RSV Fタンパク質(配列番号2)の137〜146位に対応する10アミノ酸の欠失;及び
野生型RSV Fタンパク質(配列番号2)のアルギニン133位、アルギニン135位、及びアルギニン136位のアミノ酸に対応する位置に3つのアミノ酸置換;
を含む、請求項1に記載のRSV Fタンパク質。 - 野生型RSV Fタンパク質(配列番号2)の137〜146位に対応する10アミノ酸の欠失を含み;かつ
野生型RSV Fタンパク質(配列番号2)のアルギニン133位、アルギニン135位、及びアルギニン136位のアミノ酸に対応する位置の3つのアミノ酸がグルタミンに置換される;
請求項1に記載のRSV Fタンパク質。 - 前記昆虫宿主細胞がSf9細胞である、請求項1に記載のRSV Fタンパク質。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のRSV Fタンパク質と、薬学的に許容可能な担体とを含む、ワクチン組成物。
- 前記薬学的に許容可能な担体が、生理食塩水、緩衝生理食塩水、デキストロース、水、グリセロール、無菌等張水性緩衝液、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載のワクチン組成物。
- さらにアジュバントを含む、請求項9又は10に記載のワクチン組成物。
- 前記アジュバントが、フロイントアジュバント、不完全フロイントアジュバント、GMCSP、BCG、thur−MDP、nor−MDP、CGP(MTP−PE)、リピドA、モノホスホリルリピドA(MPL)、RIBI、MF−59及びミョウバン(alum)からなる群から選択される、請求項11に記載のワクチン組成物。
- 前記アジュバントがミョウバン(alum)である、請求項12に記載のワクチン組成物。
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