JP6773788B2 - 小分子アブレーション化合物を用いたがん免疫治療のための生体外(Ex Vivo:エクスビボ)での免疫細胞活性の増強方法 - Google Patents
小分子アブレーション化合物を用いたがん免疫治療のための生体外(Ex Vivo:エクスビボ)での免疫細胞活性の増強方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明の利益の1つは、後に使用される濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤の原料として使用可能な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤組成物を規定している点にある。
本発明の利点は、様々な固形がん腫瘍に対して施される、増強された、免疫学に基づいた処置方法を提供している点にある。
本発明の更なる利益及び利点は、以下の開示から当業者に明らかとなるであろう。
本開示の一部を構成する図面は、下記の通りある。
薬学的に許容可能な希釈剤に溶解又は分散された、腫瘍アブレーション有効量の企図されたハロゲン化キサンテン化合物又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩を含有する医薬組成物が、企図された方法において使用されている。本明細書ではしばしばケモアブレーション用組成物と称されるこのような組成物は、哺乳類の宿主動物の免疫系を誘導して誘導性免疫抗がん成分を産生させるために、当該宿主動物の腫瘍内にインビボで(病巣内)投与される。
IL治療は、例示的な黒色腫の患者に対する外科的介入に代わるものである。しかしながら、全身性の反応及びバイスタンダーである未処置の病変の退縮を誘導した病巣内の化合物は、ごく僅かである。IL治療に組み込まれているいくつかの既存の化合物は、理想的でない。
IL PV−10は、黒色腫の患者において全身性免疫反応を引き起こす。
以下の実施例は、例示を目的としたものであって、限定を目的としたものではなく、また、本発明の特定の実施形態を示すものである。
ヒト被験者
真皮内及び/又は皮下転移性黒色腫を有する14人の患者が、第1相臨床試験に登録された。(NCT01760499)。14人の患者のうち6人が、以前のイピリムマブ、抗PD−1及び/又はベムラフェニブ治療に対して抵抗性の転移性疾患を有していた(表1)。各患者の2つの腫瘍病変を生検前処理によってサンプリングした。2つの病変のうちの1つにIL PV−10を注射した後、7〜14日後に両方の残存部位を完全に切除した。生検標本をホルマリン中に固定し、パラフィンに包埋した。標本を厚さ5〜8μmの切片にして、病理学的完全奏功の判定のためにヘマトキシリン及びエオシン染色で染色した。
雌のC57BL/6マウス(6〜8週齢)をHarlan Laboratories(Indianapolis、IN)から購入した。マウスは、H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Instituteの動物研究施設に収容された。マウスは、米国獣医学会(American Veterinary Medical Association)のガイドラインに従って、CO2吸入により人道的に安楽死させられた。マウスを毎日観察し、孤立性皮下腫瘍の面積が200mm2を超えた場合、又はマウスが転移性がんに似た兆候を示した場合には、マウスを人道的に安楽死させた。全ての動物実験は、動物実験委員会の承認を得て、米国公衆衛生局の方針及び米国研究評議会のガイドラインに従って実施された。
NIH3T3細胞、293T細胞及び黒色腫B16細胞は、ATCC(Manassas、VA)から入手した。ヒト黒色腫細胞526、624及び888は、NIH(Bethesda、MD)から入手した。これらの細胞は、10%熱不活性化FBS、0.1mM非必須アミノ酸、1mMピルビン酸ナトリウム、2mM新鮮L−グルタミン、100mg/mlストレプトマイシン、100U/mlペニシリン、50mg/mlゲンタマイシン、0.5mg/mlファンギゾン(全てLife Technologies、Rockville、MDから入手)、及び0.05mM 2−ME(Sigma-Aldrich、St. Louis、MO)を添加したRPMI培地(cRPMI)中で培養された。OVAタンパク質を発現するM05細胞[Falo他、Nature Med 1:649-653(1995)]は、0.8mg/ml G418を添加したcRPMI中で維持された。細胞株は、マイコプラズマ汚染の検査において陰性と判定された。全ての細胞株は、凍結されたストックからの最初の復活後に10回未満継代された。
細胞を70μmの細胞ストレーナーに通すことによって、指定された組織からの単細胞懸濁液を調製した。ACK緩衝液を用いたRBC溶解の後、フローサイトメトリ解析のために、次の抗体を用いてFACS緩衝液中で細胞を染色した:抗ヒトCD3、CD4、CD8及びCD56;抗マウスCD11c、I−Ab、CD45.1、CD45.2、CD86、CD80及びCD40(全てBD Biosciences、San Diego、CAから入手)。テトラマー染色のために、細胞を室温で20分間、H−2 Kb/SIINFEKLテトラマー(MBL international、Woburn、MA)で染色し、次いで、製造元の指示に従って氷上で更なる抗体と共に更に20分間インキュベートした。生/死固定可能(Live/dead fixable)近赤外光線(near-IR)又はアクア蛍光反応性染料(aqua fluorescent reactive dyes)(Invitrogen(登録商標))を使用して、解析前に死細胞を除外した。4つのレーザーを備えたLSR II(BD Biosciences)により細胞を獲得し、データをFlowJo(登録商標)ソフトウェア(Tree Star、Ashland、OR)で解析した。
ヒトサンプルからのIFN−γを検出するために、ヒトCD8+T細胞分離キット(Miltenyi Biotec)を用いて、PBMCからCD8+T細胞を分離した。1×105個の細胞を、U底96ウェルプレートにおいて、腫瘍細胞と1:1の比で三連で共培養した。48時間後、IFN−γ ELISAキット(R&D Systems、Minneapolis、MN)を製造元の指示に従って使用し、細胞上清中のIFN−γレベルを測定した。
CD45.1 OT−1T細胞を、T細胞濃縮カラム(R&D Systems)で精製し、CellTracker(登録商標)バイオレット(Life Technologies、現在のThermo Fisher Scientific、Inc. Waltham、MA)と共に37℃で20分間インキュベートした。PBSで2回洗浄した後、3×105個の標識された細胞を100μlのPBSに再懸濁し、M05腫瘍保有マウスに静脈内注射した。4日後、脾臓、リンパ節(LN)及び腫瘍を採取し、CD45.1及びCD45.2に対する抗体で染色した。少なくとも1度分裂したCD45.1+CD45.2−細胞を「分裂後の細胞」とみなした。
C57BL/6マウスから得た骨髄を、RBC溶解後に、20ng/mlのリコンビナントマウスGM−CSF及び10ng/mlのリコンビナントマウスIL−4(R&D Systems、Minneapolis、MN)と共に培養した[Liu他、J Immunol 191:1916-1926(2013)]。5日目に、Opti-prep(登録商標)勾配(Axis-Shield、Oslo、Norway)を製造元の指示に従って使用してDCを精製し、GM−CSF及びIL−4の存在下において、5×105細胞/mlの細胞密度で培養した[Vohra他、Cancer Immunol Immun CII 59:729-736 (2010)]。
12ウェルプレート中において、細胞を、12.5、25、50、100、又は200μMのPV−10又はPBSと共に、6、12、24及び48時間インキュベートした。全てのウェルは、回収され、計数用ビーズと混合され、LSR IIによって獲得された。DAPIを使用して、解析前に死細胞を除外した。生細胞の絶対数は、細胞イベントに対するビーズイベントの比率を比較することによって算出した。GraphPad Prism(登録商標)ソフトウェア(GraphPad Software, Inc.、La Jolla、CA)を使用して、細胞増殖に対するPV−10の半最大阻害をIC50として判定した。
細胞の破片を除去するために、細胞上清を14,000×gで遠心分離した。各サンプルのタンパク質濃度を判定した。等量のタンパク質をNuPAGE(登録商標)Novex(登録商標)4-12% Bis-Trisゲル(Life Technologies)上で分離し、次いで二フッ化ポリビニリデン膜(Millipore)上に転写した。膜を5%BSA(w/v) in PBSで1時間ブロッキングし、HMGB1(カタログ番号3935)抗体、HSP70(D69)抗体又はHSP90(C45G5)抗体を用いて4℃で一晩プロービングした(全てCell Signaling Technology、Danvers、MAから入手)。西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ結合二次抗体とのインキュベーション、及び、増強化学発光試薬を用いた処理によって、免疫反応性を可視化した。
データは、GraphPad Prism(登録商標)ソフトウェアを用いたスチューデントの両側t検定、又はウィルコクソンの符号付順位和検定によって解析された。0.05未満のp値は統計的に有意であるとみなされた。
Claims (39)
- 誘導性免疫抗がん成分を含有する末梢血のアリコートを含むサンプルから濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤の組成物を形成する方法であって、
前記サンプルは、がん腫瘍組織が腫瘍アブレーション量のハロゲン化キサンテンと接触させられている宿主動物であって、前記宿主動物の免疫系を誘導して前記腫瘍に対する誘導性免疫抗がん成分を産生させるのに十分な時間にわたって維持されている前記宿主動物から採取されており、
前記方法は、前記サンプル中に存在する前記誘導性免疫抗がん成分をインビトロで培養及び選択的に拡張して、濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤の組成物を形成するステップを更に含み、前記濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤の組成物は、前記選択的拡張前よりも統計的に有意に濃度が上昇した、前記ハロゲン化キサンテンにより誘導された前記誘導性免疫抗がん成分を含有し、前記誘導性免疫抗がん成分は、a)IL−2、TNF−α、LT、GM−CSF、IFN−γ及びHMGB1からなる群より選択されるリンパ可溶性サイトカイン、b)末梢血単核細胞である免疫細胞、及びc)完全な腫瘍細胞又はケモアブレーションされた細胞の破片上に提示される抗原に結合する抗体、のうちの1以上を含む、方法。 - 前記誘導性免疫抗がん成分は、前記宿主動物から得られる免疫細胞を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫細胞はNK細胞である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫細胞はT細胞である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫細胞は樹状細胞である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫細胞はB細胞である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記採取された誘導性免疫抗がん成分は、抗腫瘍抗体及びサイトカインを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記サイトカインはHMGB1を含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記サイトカインはIFN−γを含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤の組成物は、薬学的に許容可能な希釈剤に溶解又は分散された免疫学的有効濃度の濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤を含有する、免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤を形成するために調整され、前記組成物は、ペアレンタル注射に適した塩分、浸透圧、及びpH値も有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記サンプルからT細胞が分離され、選択的に拡張される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記インビトロで培養及び選択的に拡張するステップの前に、前記サンプルを貯蔵するステップを更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記インビトロで培養及び選択的に拡張するステップの後に、前記サンプルを貯蔵するステップを更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記接触させられるがん腫瘍組織は、黒色腫、前立腺がん、乳がん、膀胱がん、腎臓がん、膵臓がん、結腸がん、大腸がん、胆嚢がん、原発性または転移性肝がん、及び小細胞並びに非小細胞肺がんからなる群のうちの1以上から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記接触させられるがん腫瘍組織は黒色腫である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 宿主動物内のがん腫瘍の処置における使用のための、請求項10に記載の方法によって得られる免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- 前記免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤は、NK細胞、T細胞、B細胞、及び樹状細胞のうちの1以上を含む、請求項17に記載の使用のための免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- 前記免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤は、HMGB1及びIFN−γの一方又は両方を含む、請求項17に記載の使用のための免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- 前記免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤内の前記濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤は、前記宿主動物にとって自己由来のものである、請求項17に記載の使用のための免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- 前記使用は、1以上の免疫系下方制御に対する全身性阻害剤を前記宿主動物に投与するステップを更に含む、請求項17に記載の使用のための免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- 前記免疫系下方制御に対する全身性阻害剤は、CTLA−4、PD−1、PD−L1、及びPD−L2のうちの1以上と免疫反応するモノクローナル抗体である、請求項21に記載の使用のための免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- 複数のがん腫瘍を有する宿主動物の処置における使用のための免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤であって、前記使用は、
(A)前記宿主動物内の第1のがん腫瘍の組織を腫瘍アブレーション量のハロゲン化キサンテンと接触させるステップと、
(B)前記宿主動物の免疫系を誘導して前記腫瘍に対する誘導性免疫抗がん成分を産生させるのに十分な時間にわたって、前記宿主動物を維持するステップと、
(C)前記誘導性免疫抗がん成分を含有する末梢血のアリコートを含むサンプルを、前記宿主動物から採取するステップと、
(D)前記採取したサンプル中に存在する前記誘導性免疫抗がん成分をインビトロで培養及び選択的に拡張して、濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤の組成物を形成するステップであって、前記濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤の組成物は、前記選択的拡張前よりも統計的に有意に濃度が上昇した、前記ハロゲン化キサンテンにより誘導された前記誘導性免疫抗がん成分を含有し、前記誘導性免疫抗がん成分は、a)IL−2、TNF−α、LT、GM−CSF、IFN−γ及びHMGB1からなる群より選択されるリンパ可溶性サイトカイン、b)末梢血単核細胞である免疫細胞、及びc)完全な腫瘍細胞又はケモアブレーションされた細胞の破片上に提示される抗原に結合する抗体、のうちの1以上を含むステップと、
(E)前記宿主動物内の第2のがん腫瘍の組織を、前記濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤の組成物と接触させるステップと、
を含む、免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。 - 前記使用は更に、
(F)前記宿主動物の免疫系を誘導して前記腫瘍に対する第2の誘導性免疫抗がん成分を産生させるのに十分な第2の時間にわたって、前記宿主動物を維持するステップと、
(G)前記第2の誘導性免疫抗がん成分を含有する末梢血のアリコートを含む第2のサンプルを、前記宿主動物から採取するステップと、
(H)前記サンプル中に存在する前記誘導性免疫抗がん成分をインビトロで培養及び選択的に拡張して、第2の濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤の組成物を形成するステップと、
を追加的に含む、請求項23に記載の使用のための免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。 - 免疫系下方制御に対する全身性阻害剤が、前記腫瘍アブレーション量の前記ハロゲン化キサンテンを投与した後、且つ、前記誘導性免疫抗がん成分を含有する前記サンプルを前記宿主動物から採取する前に前記宿主動物に投与される、請求項23に記載の使用のための免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- 腫瘍アブレーション量のハロゲン化キサンテン化合物を宿主動物の固形がん腫瘍内へ病巣内(IL)投与することによって誘導され、前記投与の約4日後から約90日後の間に前記宿主動物から採取され、そしてインビトロで培養及び選択的に拡張された免疫抗がん成分からなる免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤であって、
前記抗がん成分は、末梢血のアリコートから採取され、前記抗がん成分は、1種類以上の免疫細胞、抗腫瘍抗体、抗原タンパク質、及びサイトカインタンパク質からなる群より選択され、
前記免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤は、前記選択的拡張前よりも統計的に有意に濃度が上昇した、前記ハロゲン化キサンテン化合物により誘導された前記免疫抗がん成分を含有し、前記免疫抗がん成分は、a)IL−2、TNF−α、LT、GM−CSF、IFN−γ及びHMGB1からなる群より選択されるリンパ可溶性サイトカイン、b)末梢血単核細胞である免疫細胞、及びc)完全な腫瘍細胞又はケモアブレーションされた細胞の破片上に提示される抗原に結合する抗体、のうちの1以上を含む、免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。 - 組成成分が、前記宿主動物から得られる免疫細胞を含む、請求項26に記載の免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- 前記免疫細胞は、NK細胞、T細胞、樹状細胞、及びB細胞からなる群より選択される、請求項27に記載の免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- 前記誘導された免疫抗がん成分は、抗腫瘍抗体、抗原タンパク質、及びサイトカインタンパク質を含む、請求項26に記載の免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- 前記サイトカインは、IL−2、TNF−α、LT、GM−CSF,IFN−γ、及びHMGB1のうちの1以上からなる群より選択される、請求項29に記載の免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- 更なる使用のために貯蔵される、請求項26に記載の免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- 前記接触させられるがん腫瘍組織は、黒色腫、前立腺がん、乳がん、膀胱がん、腎臓がん、膵臓がん、結腸がん、大腸がん、胆嚢がん、原発性または転移性肝がん、及び小細胞並びに非小細胞肺がんからなる群のうちの1以上から選択される、請求項26に記載の免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- 前記接触させられるがん腫瘍組織は黒色腫である、請求項32に記載の免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- CTLA−4、PD−1、PD−L1、及びPD−L2のうちの1以上と免疫反応する、免疫系下方制御に対する全身性阻害剤である治療有効量のモノクローナル抗体が、前記腫瘍アブレーション量のハロゲン化キサンテンを投与した後、且つ、前記免疫抗がん成分を採取する前に前記宿主動物に投与される、請求項26に記載の免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体は、CTLA−4及びPD−1のうちの1以上と免疫反応する、請求項34に記載の免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- 薬学的に許容可能な希釈剤に溶解又は分散された、免疫学的有効濃度の請求項26に記載の前記免疫抗がん成分を含有する、免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤であって、ペアレンタル注射に適したpH値、塩分、及び浸透圧を有する、免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- NK細胞、T細胞、B細胞、及び樹状細胞のうちの1以上を含む、請求項36に記載の免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- HMGB1及びIFN−γの一方又は両方を含む、請求項36に記載の免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤。
- 請求項36に記載の免疫学的に有効な濃縮腫瘍特異的免疫抗がん剤製剤を含む、がんの処置における使用のための組成物。
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