JP6733832B1 - 有機太陽電池モジュール、その製造方法、電子デバイス、光センサーおよび撮像デバイス - Google Patents
有機太陽電池モジュール、その製造方法、電子デバイス、光センサーおよび撮像デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP6733832B1 JP6733832B1 JP2019558797A JP2019558797A JP6733832B1 JP 6733832 B1 JP6733832 B1 JP 6733832B1 JP 2019558797 A JP2019558797 A JP 2019558797A JP 2019558797 A JP2019558797 A JP 2019558797A JP 6733832 B1 JP6733832 B1 JP 6733832B1
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- JYVPKRHOTGQJSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexyl(trimethyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C JYVPKRHOTGQJSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C=C3C=C21 SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AUSBNNIMIPYITN-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline;thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1.N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 AUSBNNIMIPYITN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RYVBINGWVJJDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(hexadecyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC RYVBINGWVJJDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SZEMGTQCPRNXEG-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(octadecyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C SZEMGTQCPRNXEG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- YZYKBQUWMPUVEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N zafuleptine Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(C(C)C)NCC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 YZYKBQUWMPUVEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WDHVIZKSFZNHJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;butanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCC([O-])=O.CCCC([O-])=O WDHVIZKSFZNHJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;oxalate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O.CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDWXRAYGALQIFG-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;propanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O XDWXRAYGALQIFG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GTLQJUQHDTWYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;selenium(2-) Chemical class [Zn+2].[Se-2] GTLQJUQHDTWYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H10K71/20—Changing the shape of the active layer in the devices, e.g. patterning
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、有機化合物は水分や酸素を取り込みやすいこと、また、有機層のはみ出し部分がその上に積層される樹脂層等との接着を阻害する可能性があることなどから、本発明者らは、有機層のうち第二電極の外縁よりも外側にはみ出した部分が水分や酸素の侵入経路となっているのではないかと考えた。
図1(a)は、本発明の有機太陽電池モジュール(以下、単に「モジュール」という場合がある)の一実施形態を示す断面模式図である。図1(b)は、図1(a)の有機太陽電池モジュールにおいて、樹脂層5とガスバリア層6を省略し、第二電極4側からの平面視で観察した様子を示す平面模式図である。
本発明の有機太陽電池モジュールは、通常基板1上に形成される。基板は、電極材料や有機層が積層できる基板であれば特に限定されないが、例えば、無アルカリガラス、石英ガラス、アルミニウム、鉄、銅、およびステンレスなどの合金、等の無機材料、ポリエステル、ポリカーボネート、ポリオレフィン、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリパラキシレンポリメチルメタクリレート、エポキシ樹脂やフッ素系樹脂等の有機材料から任意の方法によって作製されたフィルムや板が使用可能である。また基板側から光を入射して用いる場合は、上記に示した各基板に80%程度の光透過性を持たせておくことが好ましい。また、ガスバリア性の観点から、有機材料にガスバリア層を形成した基板も好ましく用いることができる。ガスバリア層は無機化合物でもよいし、無機化合物と有機化合物の積層構造であってもよい。ガスバリア層を形成する無機化合物としては例えば、酸化シリコンや酸化アルミ、酸化亜鉛などの無機酸化物や、窒化シリコン膜や窒酸化シリコン膜などの無機窒化物などが挙げられる。
電極(第一電極2、第二電極4)の素材としては、金、白金、銀、銅、鉄、亜鉛、錫、アルミニウム、インジウム、クロム、ニッケル、コバルト、スカンジウム、バナジウム、イットリウム、セリウム、サマリウム、ユーロピウム、テルビウム、イッテルビウム、モリブデン、タングステン、チタンなどの金属のほか、金属酸化物、複合金属酸化物(インジウム錫酸化物(ITO)、インジウム亜鉛酸化物(IZO)、アルミニウム亜鉛酸化物(AZO)、ガリウム亜鉛酸化物(GZO)など)、アルカリ金属やアルカリ土類金属(リチウム、マグネシウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、カルシウム、ストロンチウム、バリウム)なども好ましく用いられる。さらに、上記の金属からなる合金や上記の金属の積層体からなる電極も好ましく用いられる。また、上記の電極材料は2種以上の材料から成る混合層、及び、積層構造であってもよい。
光起電力素子は、第一電極2および第二電極4の間に、有機層3を有する。前述のように、有機層3は構成元素の原子数の50%以上が炭素および水素である層であり、光電変換層は通常これに該当する。また、電荷取出し層(電子取出し層、正孔取出し層)が構成元素の原子数の50%以上が炭素および水素である層である場合には、これらの層と光電変換層の組み合わせからなる積層構造を意味する。(なお、積層構造である場合には、有機層を構成する層のうちもっとも外側に位置する層の外縁を有機層の外縁とする。)
電子取出し層および正孔取出し層を設けることによってキャリアを取り出すのに適した界面状態を形成できる。電子取出し層または正孔取出し層を形成する材料が塩(無機塩や、有機塩(例えば、イオン性界面活性剤や、ポリエチレンジオキシチオフェン(PEDOT)にポリスチレンスルホネート(PSS)を添加したPEDOT:PSSなど)である場合、すなわち、有機層が塩を含む場合、吸湿性が高く水分の影響を受けやすいため、本発明の効果を特に享受することができる。
図1〜3に示す実施形態においては、有機層3および第二電極4を包埋する樹脂層5が形成されている。このような樹脂層は有機太陽電池モジュールに必須ではないが、後述するガスバリア層6を設ける場合、平坦性を高めることにより接着性を向上させるために樹脂層を設けることが好ましい。樹脂層を形成する樹脂は、上記の効果を実現できる樹脂を適宜選定可能である。このような樹脂としては例えば、熱硬化性樹脂や熱可塑性樹脂、光硬化性樹脂が挙げられる。具体的には、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体(EVA)樹脂、炭化水素系樹脂、エポキシ系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ウレタン系樹脂、シリコーン系樹脂等が挙げられる。また、上記のような硬化反応を起こさない粘着材も挙げられる。具体的には、シリコーン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ポリオレフィン系樹脂が挙げられる。樹脂層を形成する樹脂としては、ガスバリア性や接着性の観点からエポキシ樹脂が好ましい。また、樹脂に無機化合物のフィラーを混合させておくこともガスバリア性向上の観点から好ましい。
本発明のモジュールにおいては、外部からの水分や酸素の侵入を効率的に防ぐためにガスバリア層6を設けることが好ましい。
本発明の有機太陽電池モジュールは、一例として、少なくとも第一電極、有機層、第二電極をこの順に形成した後に、第二電極側からの平面視において有機太陽電池モジュールの外縁に面する部分の幅が20μm以下になるよう前記有機層延出部を除去する製造方法により製造することができる。
共役系化合物(A−1)を式1に示す方法で合成した、なお、合成例1記載の化合物(1−i)はジャーナルオブザアメリカンケミカルソサエティ(Journal of the American Chemical Society)、2009年、131巻、7792−7799頁に記載されている方法を参考に、化合物(1−p)はアンゲバンテケミ インターナショナルエディション(Angewandte Chem Internatioal Edition)、2011年、50巻、9697−9702頁に記載されている方法を参考に、国際公開第2014/042090号に記載の方法で合成した。
レーザー顕微鏡(キーエンス社製VK−9700)を用いて第二電極の外縁近傍を観察し、第二電極と第一電極が視野に含まれるよう100μm視野(図6においては点線で囲まれた部分)の平均断面プロファイルから求めた。具体的には、任意の10箇所について100μm視野での平均断面プロファイルを取得し、第二電極外縁から有機層外縁までの平均幅を測定した。手順を下記1)〜4)に示す。
1)レーザー顕微鏡でモジュール外縁に面する第二電極外縁近傍を観察し、100μm視野以上のレーザー顕微鏡画像を取得する。
2)取得した画像中、有機層延出部を含む任意の100μm視野を決定する。このとき、100μm視野の2辺が第二電極外縁と略平行となるようにする。
3)決定した100μm視野において、第二電極外縁と略垂直となるようにラインを均等に割り振って引き、各ラインにおいて断面プロファイルが求められ、さらに平均断面プロファイルが取得される。
4)平均断面プロファイルより第二電極外縁から有機層外縁までの距離を測定し、有機層延出部の幅とした。
なお平均断面プロファイルの取得はキーエンス社製VK−9700に付属のソフトを用いた演算で行った。
なお、本実施例では、平均断面プロファイルは、レーザー顕微鏡観察で得られた画像の100μm視野中180ラインを均等に割り振って取得した断面プロファイルの平均とした。
上記化合物(A−1)2.7mgと[6,6]−フェニル C61 ブチリックアシッドメチルエステル(PCBM)(フロンティアカーボン社製)、3,4,5−トリメトキシトルエン(東京化成工業(株)製)10mg、クロロホルム0.19mLをサンプル瓶に入れ、溶液が入った容器を超音波洗浄機((株)井内盛栄堂製US−2(商品名)、出力120W)中で30分間超音波照射することにより光電変換層形成用の溶液Aを得た。
その後、温度85℃、相対湿度85%としたオーブンへモジュールを投入した。一定時間ごと取り出して、前述の最大発電量測定を行い、経時劣化を調べた。その結果、発電量9割保持時間は350時間であった。
銀層の形成までは実施例1と同様に行い、レーザー(波長355nm,周波数80kHz,加工速度1000mm/sec)を銀層および有機層(この場合、光電変換層および正孔取出し層)に照射することで、銀層の外縁の外側に位置する有機層延出部の除去加工を行った。このとき、レーザースキャンによる加工方向は、銀層の外縁と平行方向に行い、双方向(往復方向)からスキャンした。これにより、レーザー加工スキャン速度が上がることで一方向加工よりも加工強度が強くなる。得られた有機層延出部の幅は3.5μmであった。
銀層の形成後のレーザーによる有機層除去加工を行わなかった他は実施例1と同様にしてモジュールを作製した。
有機層形成後のレーザーによる有機層除去加工を、8mm×8mmの大きさとなるように有機層を除去した他は実施例1と同様に銀層形成までを行った。
有機層形成後のレーザーによる有機層除去加工を、5mm×5mmの大きさとなるように有機層を除去した他は実施例1と同様に銀層形成までを行った。ここで、設計上、有機層延出部の幅は0μmである。
有機層形成後のレーザーによる有機層除去加工を、5.1mm×5.1mmの大きさとなるように有機層を除去した他は実施例1と同様に銀層形成までを行った。なお、この場合、プロセス公差の問題が発生するため、基板と陰極マスクを精密に合わせた後、固定して銀層の蒸着を行っている。
2:第一電極
3:有機層
31:有機層延出部
4:第二電極
5:樹脂層
6:ガスバリア層
Claims (8)
- 少なくとも第一電極、有機層、第二電極をこの順に有する光起電力素子が1つ以上配置されてなる有機太陽電池モジュールであって、
前記有機層は、前記第一電極の外縁よりも内側かつ前記第二電極の外縁よりも外側に位置する有機層延出部を有し、
前記第二電極側からの平面視において、前記有機層延出部のうち、有機太陽電池モジュールの外縁に面する部分の幅が20μm以下である有機太陽電池モジュール。 - 前記第二電極側からの平面視において、全ての有機層延出部の幅が20μm以下である、請求項1に記載の有機太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記有機層を構成する材料に塩を含む、請求項1または2に記載の有機太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記第一電極、前記有機層、前記第二電極に加え、さらに樹脂層およびガスバリア層をこの順に有する、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の有機太陽電池モジュール。
- 少なくとも第一電極、有機層、第二電極をこの順に形成する工程、
その後に、前記第一電極の外縁よりも内側かつ前記第二電極の外縁よりも外側に位置する有機層延出部のうち、前記第二電極側からの平面視において有機太陽電池モジュールの外縁に面する部分の幅が20μm以下になるよう前記有機層延出部を除去する工程、を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の有機太陽電池モジュールの製造方法。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の有機太陽電池モジュールを、電源として用いる電子デバイス。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の有機太陽電池モジュールを用いる光センサー。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の有機太陽電池モジュールを用いる撮像デバイス。
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JP2015167226A (ja) | 2014-02-14 | 2015-09-24 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 有機薄膜太陽電池モジュール |
US20150255737A1 (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2015-09-10 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Transparent silicone resin composition for non vacuum deposition and barrier stacks including the same |
JP6544235B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-14 | 2019-07-17 | 東レ株式会社 | 光起電力素子の製造方法 |
GB2528476A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-01-27 | Eight19 Ltd | Roll-to-roll processing of a coated web |
JP6941915B2 (ja) * | 2014-08-29 | 2021-09-29 | ローム株式会社 | 有機薄膜太陽電池モジュールおよび電子機器 |
JP6053221B1 (ja) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-12-27 | 住友化学株式会社 | 有機el素子及びその製造方法 |
US20170179201A1 (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2017-06-22 | General Electric Company | Processes for fabricating organic photodetectors and related photodetectors and systems |
-
2019
- 2019-10-18 EP EP19889256.4A patent/EP3890040A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-10-18 WO PCT/JP2019/041119 patent/WO2020110511A1/ja unknown
- 2019-10-18 CN CN201980075118.1A patent/CN112970129A/zh active Pending
- 2019-10-18 JP JP2019558797A patent/JP6733832B1/ja active Active
- 2019-10-18 US US17/294,394 patent/US20220013742A1/en not_active Abandoned
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EP3890040A1 (en) | 2021-10-06 |
JPWO2020110511A1 (ja) | 2021-02-15 |
WO2020110511A1 (ja) | 2020-06-04 |
EP3890040A4 (en) | 2022-08-31 |
CN112970129A (zh) | 2021-06-15 |
US20220013742A1 (en) | 2022-01-13 |
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