JP6725439B2 - Tunnel excavator and cutter bit replacement method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator for exchanging a cutter bit provided on a cutter spoke of a cutter head from inside the cutter spoke, and a cutter bit exchanging method.

In a tunnel machine, a plurality of cutter bits are attached to the front ends of a plurality of cutter spokes (cutter frames) of a cutter head (cutter disk), and the cutter head is rotated to excavate a face. To go. If the cutter bit becomes worn during tunnel excavation, the excavation is interrupted and the worn cutter bit is replaced. As a method for replacing the cutter bit, a method is known in which an operator enters the cutter spoke and replaces it.

In the cutter maintenance device for a tunnel excavator described in Patent Document 1, the cutter head has an outer peripheral cutter frame and a central cutter frame, and the outer peripheral cutter frame is provided with a plurality of intermediate beams at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction. A working passage connected to the swivel ring (cutter drum) is formed in the intermediate beam to communicate with the space inside the cutter frame, and is connected to the working passage with an access member connected to the intermediate beam and protruding to the inner diameter side. An access passage is formed, and an entrance and exit is formed at the rear end of the access passage to and from the in-machine space. The rotary partition is rotatably supported on the outer diameter side of the cylindrical body that transmits the rotational driving force to the central cutter frame, the outer peripheral end of the rotary partition is fixed to the swivel ring and the access member, and the rotary partition is the outer peripheral cutter frame. It is driven to rotate integrally with.

Japanese Patent No. 5426271

In the cutter maintenance device of Patent Document 1, by forming the working passage and the access passage by the intermediate beam and the access member connected thereto for each of the plurality of intermediate beams connecting the outer peripheral cutter frame to the swivel ring, Workers can enter and exit from the space inside the machine to the outer cutter frame. However, since the access member largely protrudes toward the inner diameter side of the intermediate beam in the chamber, there is a problem that the space in the chamber is narrowed and the flow of earth and sand in the chamber is hindered.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel excavator having improved accessibility for an operator to enter and leave the space inside a cutter spoke and fluidity of sediment from the face of a face to a chamber, and a cutter bit exchange method utilizing the above accessibility. It is to be.

The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, further comprising a cutter head having a plurality of cutter spokes, a chamber on the rear side of the cutter head, and a partition structure for partitioning a rear end of the chamber, wherein the partition structure. An annular cutter drum rotatably supported on the drum, and a plurality of connecting members for penetrating the chamber to connect the cutter drum to the cutter spokes, and a drum side opening formed on the cutter drum by an operator. From the machine space through the cutter drum inner space and the connecting member inner space is provided a work passage that can enter the cutter spoke inner space, the partition structure has a drum-shaped wall portion concentric with the tunnel machine, The cutter drum is rotatably fitted onto the drum-shaped wall portion, and a plurality of partition passages are formed in the inner space of the cutter drum so as to communicate with the inner spaces of the plurality of connecting members. A partition side opening facing the in-machine space is formed in the middle part in the height direction, and the inner peripheral side wall of the cutter drum corresponds to the front-back direction position corresponding to the partition side opening and corresponds to a plurality of partition passages. It is characterized in that a plurality of the drum-side openings are formed at the circumferential positions .

A tunnel excavator according to a second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the first aspect of the invention, at least a part of the plurality of cutter spokes has a shape in which a circumferential width of a radially inner portion is reduced.

Since the invention of the present application has the configuration described in the column of problem solving means, it has the following effects.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the worker is provided with the work passage through which the worker can enter the cutter spoke inner space from the drum side opening through the cutter drum inner space and the connecting member inner space, It penetrates into the space inside the cutter spoke through the work passage from the opening on the drum side,
The cutter bit installed on the cutter drum can be replaced. Since the drum-side opening, which is the inlet of the work passage, is provided in the cutter drum, the connecting member is provided inside the chamber as compared with the case where the inlet is provided in the access member attached to the connecting member as in the shield machine of Patent Document 1. By eliminating the overhanging member, it is possible to enhance the fluidity of the earth and sand in the chamber.

Since the plurality of drum-side openings are provided at the front-rear direction positions corresponding to the partition-side openings and at the circumferential positions corresponding to the plurality of partition passages in the drum, the rotation position of the cutter head is adjusted and the partition-side openings are adjusted. The drum side opening can be opposed to the section. Therefore, it is possible to simplify the structure for an operator to enter the compartment passage in the cutter drum from the in-machine space.

According to the invention of claim 2 , since the circumferential width of the radially inner portion of some of the cutter spokes is narrowed, the inflow of earth and sand from the face of the cutter into the chamber becomes smooth. In addition, maintenance is not impaired by entering the cutter spokes at the radially outer portion than the radially inner portion to replace the cutter bit.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a front view of a cutter head. It is an expanded longitudinal cross-sectional view of the front end side portion of the tunnel excavator. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a cutter drum. It is a front view of the principal part of a cutter drum. It is sectional drawing of a cutter drum and a drum side opening/closing door apparatus. It is the VII-VII sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is a vertical section front view of a cutter head.

A mode for carrying out the present invention will be described.
First, the overall structure of the tunnel excavator will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, the tunnel excavator 1 includes a front body 1a, a rear body 1b, a cutter head 2 on the front side of the front body 1a, a chamber 3 on the rear side of the cutter head 2, and a partition wall that partitions the rear end of the chamber 3. Structure 4, a cutter drum 5 rotatably mounted on the partition structure 4, a plurality of connecting members 6 for connecting the cutter drum 5 to the cutter head 2, and a cutter head rotation for rotating the cutter drum 5 mounted on the partition structure 4. The drive mechanism 7 and the rotary joint 8 provided in the central portion of the partition structure 4 are provided.

As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the cutter head 2 includes a head center cylinder 20, an outer peripheral frame 21, three first cutter spokes 22, three second cutter spokes 23, and six third cutters. The spokes 24 and the six third cutter spokes 24 are provided with six pairs of reinforcing members 24a for connecting the inner diameter end vicinity portions and the first and second cutter spokes 22 and 23 on both sides thereof. A plurality of cutter bits 2a are attached to the front surfaces of the first to third cutter spokes 22 to 24. A plurality of cutter bits 2b are attached to the front surface of the head center tubular body 20. The plurality of cutter bits 2b are attached at circumferential positions corresponding to the first cutter spokes 22.

The first and second cutter spokes 22 and 23 are arranged so as to extend in a radial direction from the head center tubular body 20 to the outer peripheral frame 21. The third cutter spoke 24 has a length that is about half the length of the first and second cutter spokes 22 and 23, and is arranged on the outer peripheral side portion of the cutter head 2 so as to extend in the radial direction. The three first cutter spokes 22 are arranged every 120 degrees in the circumferential direction. The three second cutter spokes 23 are arranged every 120 degrees in the circumferential direction so as to be positioned in the middle of the adjacent first cutter spokes 22. The six third cutter spokes 24 are arranged at intervals of 60 degrees in the circumferential direction so as to be located in the middle of the first and second cutter spokes 22 and 23.

The radially inner portions of the three first cutter spokes 22 have a shape in which the width in the circumferential direction is narrower than the other portions (first narrow portion 22a). The radially inner portions of the three second cutter spokes 23 also have a shape in which the width in the circumferential direction is narrower than other portions (second narrow portion 23a). The spoke width of the second narrow portion 23a is narrower than that of the first narrow portion 22a. Therefore, a space communicating with the chamber 3 on the center side of the cutter head 2 can be secured, and the inflow of earth and sand into the chamber 3 can be smoothly performed.

As shown in FIG. 3, the partition structure 4 partitions the rear end of the chamber 3. The partition wall structure 4 includes an annular plate portion 4c welded to the front body 1a, a center side plate portion 4d closer to the center than the cutter drum 5, and a drum-shaped wall portion 4a extending rearward from a portion near the outer periphery of the center side plate portion 4d. have. The drum-shaped wall portion 4a is arranged concentrically with the tunnel excavator 1, and the rear portion of the inner peripheral surface of the drum-shaped wall portion 4a faces the in-machine space. The in-machine space is a space formed inside the body members 1a and 1b on the rear side of the partition structure 4.

The annular cutter drum 5 is rotatably fitted on the drum-shaped wall portion 4a via a bearing. A watertight seal is provided between the partition structure 4 and the cutter drum 5.
The plurality of connecting members 6 are respectively arranged at 12 positions where the twelve first to third cutter spokes 22 to 24 and the cutter drum 5 intersect with each other when viewed from the cutter head 2 side.
Each connecting member 6 penetrates the chamber 3 and extends in the front-rear direction, and connects the corresponding cutter spokes 22 to 24 and the cutter drum 5, respectively.

The cutter head rotation drive mechanism 7 is configured to transmit the rotational power of the plurality of hydraulic motors 7c to the cutter drum 5 from the plurality of pinions via the ring-shaped external gear 7b supported by the orbiting bearing 7a. The rotational power transmitted to the cutter drum 5 is transmitted to the cutter head 2 via the 12 connecting members 6. In this way, the cutter head 2 is rotationally driven, so that the tunnel excavator 1 excavates.

The first to third cutter spokes 22 to 24, the cutter drum 5 and the connecting member 6 are each formed in a hollow closed cross-section structure. These internal spaces are 12 working passages including the drum inner passage 5s, the connecting passage 6s, and the spoke inner passages 22s, 23s, and 24s. An operator can enter the spoke internal passages 22s to 24s from the internal space through the drum internal space 5s and the connecting member internal space 6s to replace the cutter bits 2a and 2b.

Next, the structure of the working passage will be described.
The plurality of in-spoke passages 22s to 24s extend in the radial direction along the cutter spokes 22 to 24. The spoke inner spaces 22s extend to the inside of the first narrow width portion 22a, but the spoke inner spaces 23s are not formed inside the second narrow width portion 23a.

The annular drum inner space 5s has twelve partition passages 5p corresponding to the twelve connecting member inner spaces 6s, respectively. Each partition passage 5p is defined by two partition walls 5m and 5n. The partition walls 5m and 5n are provided at a circumferential position corresponding to the connecting member 6 so as to cross the inside of the cutter drum 5 in the radial direction. The plurality of communication passages 6s extend in the communication member 6 in the front-rear direction. The plurality of partition passages 5p communicate with the rear end of the corresponding connection passage 6s. The front end of the communication passage 6s is connected to the corresponding first to third cutter-spoke inner passages 22s to 24s.

The inner peripheral side wall portion 5a of the cutter drum 5 is formed with a plurality of drum inner peripheral side opening portions 5b (corresponding to drum side opening portions) for allowing workers to enter and leave the plurality of partition passages 5p from the machine interior space. In addition, the drum side door device 30 that can open and close each opening 5b is provided. The drum side door device 30 has a drum side door 31 capable of opening and closing the drum inner peripheral side opening 5b.

The drum-shaped wall portion 4a is provided with a pair of partition-side opening portions 4b for allowing an operator to move in and out of the drum inner peripheral side opening portion 5b from the in-machine space, and each opening portion 4b is accessible from the in-machine space. A partition side door device 40 is provided for this purpose. The pair of partition wall-side openings 4b are provided on both left and right sides of the drum-shaped wall 4a, specifically, at the middle position in the height direction of the tunnel excavator 1 and at the same front-back position as the drum inner-circumferential-side opening 5b. Has been. The partition wall side opening 4b may be provided only on one of the left and right sides.

The partition side opening 4b has a wider opening area than the opening 5b. The partition wall side opening 4b is preferably formed to have a circumferential length that is at least twice the circumferential length of the opening 5b when viewed from the front of the tunnel excavator 1.
The partition-side door device 40 is attached to the drum-shaped wall portion 4a and has a rectangular tubular body 40a having an internal passage having a size equivalent to that of the partition-side opening 4b, and an inner diameter side end portion of the rectangular tubular body can be opened and closed. A partition side door 41 is provided.

By allowing the arbitrary drum inner peripheral side opening 5b to face the partition side opening 4b, it is possible to enter the arbitrary spoke internal passage 22s and replace the cutter bit 2a. The in-spoke passages 22s extend to the inside of the first narrow portion 22a, and the cutter bit 2b can also be replaced.

Next, a procedure for exchanging the cutter bits 2a and 2b will be described. For example, a case where the cutter spoke 22 is replaced will be described.
First, in a state where the excavation is stopped, the rotation phase of the cutter head 2 is adjusted so that the cutter spokes 22 to which the cutter bits 2a to be exchanged are attached are in the horizontal position, and the opening 5b on the drum inner peripheral side is adjusted. It is made to face either the partition side opening 4b on either side. At this time, the floor surfaces of the partition passages 5p (partition walls 5m, 5n) in the drum, the floor surfaces of the connecting passages 6s, and the floor surfaces of the spoke passages 22s to 24s are in a substantially horizontal state, respectively, so that a worker can pass through. Becomes

Next, the partition side door 41 and the drum side door 31 are switched to the open state, and the space inside the machine and the partition passage 5p in the cutter drum 5 are communicated with the communication passage 6s and the spoke inner passage 22s. Next, the worker enters the spoke internal passage 22s from the internal space through the partition passage 5p and the connecting passage 6s to replace the cutter bits 2a and 2b. Similarly to the above, the cutter bits 2a of the cutter spokes 23 and 24 can be replaced.

Next, the operation and effect of the shield machine 1 described above will be described.
Since the cutter spokes 22 to 24, the cutter drum 5, and the connecting member 6 have a hollow structure, the cutter spokes 22 to 24 can pass through the inside of the cutter drum 5 and the inside of the communication member 6 and enter the inside of the cutter spokes 22 to 24. The cutter bits 2a and 2b provided on the cutter spokes 22 to 24 can be replaced.

Moreover, it is possible to adopt a general integrated rotary type cutter head 2 instead of the cutter head 2 having a special structure without providing a member that greatly projects into the chamber 3. Further, the degree of freedom of the arrangement of the cutter drum 5 is not restricted.

In the vicinity of the head center portion tubular body 20, the first narrow width portions 22a are formed in some of the plurality of cutter spokes 22 and are narrower than the first narrow width portion 22a in the other of the plurality of cutter spokes 23. Since the second narrow portion 23a having the width is formed, the fluidity of the earth and sand from the face of the cutter head 2 toward the inside of the chamber 3 can be enhanced.

With the member and equipment (rotary joint 8 etc.) connected to the rear end of the head central tubular body 20, the operator passes from the cutter spoke inner space 2s through the first narrow portion 22a to the central space 20a. It is possible to enter the inside and replace the cutter bit 2b on the front surface of the head center cylinder 20 and the plurality of first narrow width portions 22a.

In this method of exchanging the cutter bit in the tunnel excavator 1, an operator enters the cutter drum inner space 5s from the inner space of the machine through the drum inner peripheral side opening 5b, and then the cutter drum inner space 5s and the connecting member inner space 6s. Since it has a step of entering the cutter spoke inner space 2s, the cutter drum inner space 5s and the connecting member inner space 6s can be effectively used to easily enter and exit the cutter spoke inner space 2s. Since the cutter bit is replaced, the structure of the cutter head 2 does not become complicated.

In the above-described embodiment, the case where the drum inner peripheral side opening 5b is formed on the inner peripheral side wall 5a of the cutter drum 5 has been described. A side opening may be formed so that a worker can enter the cutter drum inner space 5s from the drum outer side opening from the machine inner space.

Those skilled in the art can implement various modifications to the above-described embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the present invention also includes such modifications.

1 Tunnel Excavator 2 Cutter Head 2a, 2b Cutter Bit 2s Cutter Spoke Inner Space 3 Chamber 4 Partition Structure 4a Drum Wall 4b Partition Side Opening 5 Cutter Drum 5a Inner Side Wall 5b Drum Inner Side Opening 5s Inside Cutter Drum Space 5p Partition passage 6 Connection member 6s Connection member inner space 20 Head center cylinder 20a Center space 22-24 First to third cutter spokes 22a First narrow width portion 23a Second narrow width portion 22s to 24s Inside cutter spoke space

Claims (2)

In a tunnel machine equipped with a cutter head having a plurality of cutter spokes, a chamber on the rear side of the cutter head, and a partition structure for partitioning the rear end of the chamber,
An annular cutter drum rotatably supported by the partition structure,
A plurality of connecting members that penetrate the chamber and connect the cutter drum to cutter spokes;
A working passage is provided through which a worker can enter the cutter spoke inner space from the machine inner space through the cutter drum inner space and the connecting member inner space from the drum side opening formed in the cutter drum .
The partition structure has a drum-shaped wall portion concentric with the tunnel machine,
The cutter drum is rotatably fitted onto the drum-shaped wall portion, and a plurality of partition passages are formed in the inner space of the cutter drum so as to be respectively communicable with the plurality of connecting member inner spaces,
A partition side opening facing the in-machine space is formed in the middle portion in the height direction of the drum-shaped wall portion,
A plurality of drum-side openings are formed on the inner peripheral side wall of the cutter drum at front-rear positions corresponding to the partition-side openings and circumferential positions corresponding to the plurality of partition passages. And a tunnel machine. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the plurality of cutter spokes has a shape in which a circumferential width of a radially inner portion is reduced .