JP4433601B2 - Cutter bit exchange structure - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cutter bit exchanging structure in which a cutter bit can be exchanged from within a hollow cutter body without an operator coming out to the face side.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Shield excavators and TBM (tunnel boring machines) excavate the face with a cutter bit attached to the face side of the cutter body by moving the machine forward while rotating the cutter body provided at the front of the excavator Then, a tunnel is formed on the rear side.
[0003]
By the way, when the planned excavation distance is long or the soil quality of the ground is hard, the cutter bit is worn out, so that it is necessary to replace the cutter bit on the way. In particular, in the case of a roller-type cutter bit (roller cutter) for excavating a rock mass, wear is significant, and replacement of the cutter bit is important.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in conventional cutter bit exchange, after the face is hardened by chemicals or freezing, there are many methods in which workers come out from the excavator to the face side and replace the cutter bit, and the worker goes to the face side. There has been a demand for the development of a cutter bit exchange structure that can exchange the cutter bit without any problem, especially a bit exchange structure for a roller cutter that is severely worn.
[0005]
An object of the present invention created in view of the above circumstances is to provide a cutter bit exchanging structure in which an operator can exchange a cutter bit without leaving the face side.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a cutter bit exchanging structure according to the present invention includes a hollow cutter body provided at the front of an excavator and having a window on the face side, and is rotatably accommodated in the cutter body. A bit holder that is partially exposed from the window to the face, and a cutter body that is recessed in a part of the bit holder and is exposed from the window to the face as the bit holder rotates. A bit mounting portion that is moved inward, and a cutter bit that is detachably attached to the bit mounting portion, and the window portion is formed in a circular hole opened on a face side of the cutter body and an inner peripheral surface thereof. The bit holder is formed in a substantially spherical shape so that a part of the bit holder is pivotably fitted into the circular hole via the seal portion, and is inserted into the cutter body. A partition that divides the interior in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel A second circular hole in which a part of the bit holder is rotatably fitted is formed in the partition wall, and a space between the bit holder and the inner peripheral surface of the second circular hole is provided. A second annular seal portion is provided .
[0007]
According to the present invention, the cutter bit exposed to the face side from the window of the cutter body having a hollow structure is moved to the inside of the cutter body by rotating the bit holder. Therefore, the cutter bit moved in this way can be exchanged and inspected from the inside of the cutter body without the worker coming out to the face side when the worker enters the inside of the hollow cutter body.
[0008]
Further, the window portion is composed of a circular hole opened on the face side of the cutter body and an annular seal portion attached to the inner peripheral surface thereof, and a part of the bit holder is formed in the circular hole. Since it is formed in a substantially spherical shape so as to be pivotably fitted through the seal portion, water stoppage between the window portion (circular hole) and the bit holder (substantially spherical shape) is provided on the face side. It is made by an annular seal part with a circular hole) and can exhibit high water-stopping performance.
[0009]
Also, a partition wall is provided in the cutter body for partitioning the interior in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and a second circular hole into which a part of the bit holder is rotatably fitted is formed in the partition wall. Since the second annular seal portion for sealing the space between the bit holder and the bit holder is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the circular hole , the rotating substantially spherical bit holder is opened on the face side of the cutter body. with sliding contact with the sealing portion of the annular been window (circular hole), also in sliding contact with the seal portion of the annular second circular hole formed in the partition wall in the cutter body, these drunk two stages Water is stopped.
[0010]
The cutter body includes a cylindrical portion having an inner diameter that is rotatably inserted into a hole formed in a bulkhead of the excavator and allows an operator to pass therethrough, and a hollow structure spoke that is radially attached to the cylindrical portion. and a section, the partition wall is provided in the interior of the cutter spokes, the rear of the partition wall within the cutter spokes to form a bit replacement chamber sized for passage worker, the sides of the cylindrical portion In addition, an entrance / exit for a worker communicating with the bit exchange work chamber may be formed, and a hatch may be attached to the entrance / exit so as to be opened and closed .
[0012]
The cutter bit may be a roller cutter.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0014]
Fig. 1 is a front view of a shield machine or TBM for rock excavation, Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in Fig. 2, and Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in Fig. 2 It is a figure and is explanatory drawing which shows the mode of replacement | exchange of a cutter bit.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 3, a bulkhead 2 is provided at the front portion of the main body frame 1 of the shield machine (or TBM) to partition the inside of the frame 1 forward and backward into the face side and the inside of the pit. A cutter body 3 is rotatably attached to the bulkhead 2. The cutter body 3 includes a cylindrical portion 5 rotatably inserted into a hole 4 formed at the center of the bulkhead 2 and a plurality (eight in the illustrated example) of cutter spoke portions attached radially to the cylindrical portion 5. 6 and a cutter face plate portion 7 formed between the respective cutter pork portions 6 as shown in FIG. 1, and an earth and sand intake 8 opened in the cutter face plate portion 7. The said cylindrical part 5 is set to the internal diameter which a worker can pass.
[0016]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, each cutter spoke 6 includes a face plate 9 on the face side, a side plate 10 on its side, a back plate 12 on the cutter chamber 11 side, and a radial front end side. A watertight hollow rectangular tube structure is formed from the end plate 13, and is rotatably supported by the bulkhead 2 via an intermediate beam 14. The intermediate beam 14 has a front end fixed to the back plate 12 of the cutter spoke 6 and a rear end fixed to a ring plate 15 that is rotatably attached to the bulkhead 2. A cylindrical body 16 extending rearward is connected to the ring plate 15. The cylindrical body 16 is inserted into a slit hole 17 opened in a ring shape in the bulk head 2 and is rotatably supported by a gear case 18 attached to the bulk head 2 via a bearing 19.
[0017]
An internal gear 20 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 16. A pinion 22 of a motor 21 supported by the gear case 18 is meshed with the internal gear 20. A plurality of motors 21 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction of the internal gear 20. According to this configuration, when the motor 21 is driven to rotate the pinion 22, the cylindrical body 16 and the ring plate 15 are rotated via the internal gear 20, and the cutter spoke 6 is rotated via the intermediate beam 14. Then, the cutter body 3 is rotated around the cylindrical portion 5. The cutter body 3 may be rotationally driven by providing an external gear on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 5 and engaging a pinion of the motor with the external gear.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, a partition wall 25 that partitions the interior into a bit holder housing chamber 23 and a bit exchanging work chamber 24 in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel is provided in each of the cut spoke portions 6. The bit exchange work chamber 24 is set to a size that allows workers to pass. The bit exchange work chamber 24 and the cylindrical portion 5 are communicated with each other through an operator entrance 26 opened in the cylindrical portion 5. A hatch 27 is attached to the doorway 26 so as to be freely opened and closed. According to this configuration, a worker in the pit 28 behind the bulkhead 2 can access the bit exchange work chamber 24 through the cylindrical portion 5 and the entrance 26.
[0019]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a plurality of window portions 29 are formed on the front plate 9 that partitions the front surface of the bit holder housing chamber 23 at predetermined intervals in the radial direction. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, each window portion 29 includes a circular hole 30 opened in the front plate 9 and an annular seal portion 31 attached to the inner peripheral surface thereof. On the other hand, the partition wall 25 defining the rear surface of the bit holder housing chamber 23 is formed with a second circular hole 32 so as to face the circular hole 30, and on the inner peripheral surface of the second circular hole 32. The second annular seal portions 33 are respectively attached. These circular holes 32 and the seal portion 33 constitute a second window portion 34.
[0020]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a bit holder 35 is rotatably accommodated in the bit holder housing chamber 23. The bit holder 35 is formed in a substantially spherical shape (a shape obtained by cutting and removing the top and bottom of the sphere), and a part of the bit holder 35 is exposed from the circular hole 30 to the face side through the annular seal portion 31. The opposite side portion is exposed from the second circular hole 32 to the bit exchange work chamber 24 side via the annular seal portion 33. The bit holder 35 is fixed to a rotary shaft 36 disposed along the radial direction of the cutter body 3. The rotating shaft 36 is rotatably supported by a bearing 37 provided in the bit holder housing chamber 23.
[0021]
A bit attachment portion 38 is recessed in a circular hole shape in a part of the bit holder 35 (a part of the equator portion with respect to the rotation shaft 36). As the bit holder 35 rotates, the bit attachment portion 38 is switched between a position exposed from the circular hole 30 to the face side and a position exposed from the second circular hole 32 to the bit exchange work chamber 24 side. Is done. According to this configuration, by rotating the rotating shaft 36, the substantially spherical bit holder 35 rotates, and the bit attachment portion 38 is exposed from the circular hole 30 to the face side as shown in FIG. The second circular hole 32 is moved to a state exposed to the bit exchange work chamber 24 side.
[0022]
The rotary shaft 36 is rotationally driven by a rotary drive mechanism 39 shown in FIG. The rotation drive mechanism 39 includes a first bevel gear 40 provided on the rotation shaft 36, a second bevel gear 41 that meshes with the first bevel gear 40 and is pivotally supported by the partition wall 12, and a second bevel tooth A pinion 43 provided on the support shaft 42 of the gear 41, a rack 44 meshing with the pinion 43, and a cylinder 45 having one end connected to the rack 44 and the other end connected to the inner surface of the bit exchange work chamber 24. A guide member (not shown) is provided in the vicinity of the rack 44 and the cylinder 45. According to this configuration, when the cylinder 45 is expanded and contracted, the pinion 43 is rotated forward and backward via the rack 44, and the rotary shaft 36 is rotated forward and backward via the second bevel gear 41 and the first bevel gear 40. Is done.
[0023]
The rotation drive mechanism 39 is not limited to such a configuration, and the rotation shaft 36 may be rotated directly by a motor (not shown) or indirectly via a gear box or the like. In the illustrated example, all the bit holders 35 are fixed to the rotary shaft 36 so that all the bit holders 35 rotate integrally. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A plurality of individual bit holders 35 may be provided separately, and each rotary shaft 36 may be rotated separately to rotate the bit holders 35 one by one, or several bit holders 35 may be provided. A plurality of bit holders 35 may be integrally rotated by being fixed to a common rotating shaft 36.
[0024]
A cutter bit 46 is detachably attached to each bit attachment portion 38. In the present embodiment, the cutter bit 46 is composed of a roller cutter having a disk-shaped bit portion 47 and a shaft portion 48 that pivotally supports the bit portion 47 in the bit mounting portion 38. The shaft portion 48 is disposed along the radial direction of the cutter body 3. Thereby, in the roller cutter 46, the bit portion 47 rolls on the face surface as the cutter body 3 rotates around the cylindrical portion 5, and excavates the face. Further, the roller cutter 46 can be removed from the bit attachment portion 38 by removing the shaft portion 48.
[0025]
The diameter of the bit part 47 of the roller cutter 46 and the mounting position of the shaft part 48 are such that the tip of the bit part 47 protrudes from the front plate 9 to the face side in the normal operation state shown in FIGS. The tip of the portion 47 is set so as to be coincident with or below the phantom spherical surface 49 obtained by extending the spherical shape of the bit holder 35 above the bit mounting portion 38. As a result, the bit portion 47 of the roller cutter 46 protrudes from the front plate 9 to the face side during normal operation in FIGS. 3 and 4 (a), so that the face can be cut, and FIGS. b) When the bit holder 35 is rotated during the bit exchange shown in FIG. 3 (c), the bit holder 35 is set at a height equal to or lower than the phantom spherical surface 49, so that it interferes with the circular holes 30, 32 and the seal portions 31, 33. There is no.
[0026]
Further, in order to attach the roller cutter 46, the inner diameter of the bit attachment portion 38 that is recessed in the shape of a circular hole in the bit holding body 35 is the periphery of the bit attachment portion 38 in the normal operation of FIGS. 3 and 4 (a). The bit holder 35 is set so as not to protrude to the face side from the front plate 9, and all of the bit attachment portions 38 are inserted into the bit exchange work chamber 24 from the circular hole 32 of the partition wall 25 at the time of bit exchange in FIG. Set to be completely exposed. This prevents the bit holder 35 on the periphery of the bit mounting portion 38 from being worn by sliding contact with the face during normal operation shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 (a), and the bit replacement state shown in FIG. 4 (c). Sometimes, the roller cutter 46 to be removed is prevented from interfering with the circular hole 32 and the seal portion 33 (annular shape) of the partition wall 25.
[0027]
The operation of the present embodiment having the above configuration will be described.
[0028]
During normal operation for excavating the face, the bit holder 35 is rotated by the cylinder 45 so that the roller cutter 46 is exposed from the window 29 (circular hole 30) to the face side as shown in FIGS. The rotational position of the bit holder 35 is fixed by locking the stroke of the cylinder 45. Note that a lock mechanism (not shown) may be provided between the rotating shaft 36 and the partition wall 25 or between the bit holder 35 and the partition wall 25 to fix the rotational position of the bit holder 35.
[0029]
In this state, the main body frame 1 of the shield machine (or TBM) is advanced by a propulsion mechanism (not shown) while rotating the cutter main body 3 around the cylindrical portion 5 by the motor 21 shown in FIG. Then, the roller cutter 46 is pressed against the face and rolls, and the face is excavated. The excavated earth and sand is taken in from the earth and sand intake 8 shown in FIG. 1 into the cutter chamber 11 shown in FIG. 3 at the rear thereof, and is formed in a mine behind the bulkhead 2 via a feed mud pipe and a screw conveyor (not shown). It is conveyed to 28.
[0030]
During this normal operation, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 (a), the water stop between the circular hole 30 of the window portion 29 and the substantially spherical bit holder 35 on the face side is the circle of the circular hole 30. Since it is made by the annular seal portion 31, high water stop performance can be exhibited. That is, since the seal part 31 is formed in an annular shape and the substantially spherical bit holder 35 is fitted therein, the water pressure of the face is applied to each part in the circumferential direction of the seal part 31 approximately evenly, resulting in high water stoppage. The performance can be demonstrated. Also, even if water enters from the seal portion 31, water can be stopped in the same manner by the second circular hole 32 and the annular seal portion 33 formed in the partition wall 25 behind the seal portion 31. Watered.
[0031]
If the roller cutter 46 is worn by such a normal operation of excavation for a predetermined distance, the motor 21 and the propulsion mechanism are stopped to stop the excavation, and the cylinder 45 shown in FIG. 4 (a), (b), and (c), the roller cutter 46 is rotated into the bit exchange chamber 24 through the circular hole 32 of the partition wall 25 by rotating 180 degrees. At this time, the rotating substantially spherical bit holder 35 is formed in the annular seal portion 31 of the circular hole 30 opened on the face side of the cutter pork portion 6 and the partition wall 25 in the cutter pork portion 6. The second circular hole 32 is kept in sliding contact with at least one of the annular seal portion 33 and the water is continuously stopped by these.
[0032]
Specifically, from FIG. 4 (a) to FIG. 4 (b), since the bit mounting portion 38 is recessed in the substantially spherical bit holder 35, it is stopped by the seal portion 31 of the circular hole 30 on the face side. Although water cannot be used, the water can be stopped by the seal portion 33 of the second circular hole 32 formed in the partition wall 25 in the cutter pork portion 6. 4 (b) to 4 (c), water cannot be stopped by the seal portion 33 of the circular hole 32 of the partition wall 25, but water can be stopped by the seal portion 31 of the circular hole 30 on the face side.
[0033]
Therefore, when the bit holder 35 rotates as shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C, ground water on the face side does not spout into the bit exchange work chamber 24. 4 (a) to 4 (b), the groundwater that has entered the bit holder housing chamber 23 is operated in the bit exchange work chamber 24 through a water intake port (not shown) provided in the partition wall 25 so as to be freely opened and closed. It is taken out by an operator or drained by a pump (not shown). Also in the states of FIGS. 4B and 4C, water is stopped in two stages by the face-side seal portion 31 and the seal portion 33 of the partition wall 25, as in the state of FIG. 4A. .
[0034]
When the bit holder 35 is in the state shown in FIG. 4C, the stroke of the cylinder 45 is locked and the rotational position of the bit holder 35 is fixed. In FIG. 3, an operator in the pit 28 behind the bulkhead 2 enters the bit replacement work chamber 24 through the cylindrical portion 5 and the entrance 26, and as shown in FIG. 4 (c), the worn roller cutter 46 is removed and replaced with a new one. Alternatively, the degree of wear of the roller cutter 46 is checked. That is, the worker can inspect and replace the roller cutter 46 from within the cutter spoke portion 6 without leaving the face side. When such inspection / replacement is completed, the workers in the bit exchange work chamber 24 follow the reverse route, that is, through the entrance / exit 26 and the cylindrical portion 5 and return to the pit 28 behind the bulkhead 2.
[0035]
Thereafter, the bit holder 35 is rotated 180 degrees by the cylinder 45 shown in FIG. 3 to return from the state of FIG. 4C to the state of FIG. 4A, and the stroke of the cylinder 45 is locked. Further, as described above, even if the rotation position of the bit holder 35 is fixed by a lock mechanism (not shown) provided between the rotating shaft 36 and the partition wall 25 or between the bit holder 35 and the partition wall 25. Good. Thereafter, while rotating the cutter main body 3 with the motor 21 shown in FIG. 3, the main body frame 1 of the shield machine (or TBM) is advanced by a propulsion mechanism (not shown), and the normal operation (digging) for excavating the face as described above. To resume.
[0036]
As described above, according to the cutter bit exchanging structure according to the present embodiment, the cutter bit (roller cutter 46) can be inspected and exchanged without an operator leaving the face. Therefore, it is possible to realize a long distance of the shield machine (or TBM), and to reduce the cost per unit digging distance. In the present embodiment, the roller cutter 46 is used as the cutter bit. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a normal teeth bit may be used.
[0037]
Reference embodiments that are not embodiments of the present invention are shown in FIGS.
[0038]
As shown in the drawing, this cutter bit exchanging structure is different from the previous embodiment only in the shape of the bit holder 35a, and other configurations are the same as those of the previous embodiment. Therefore, the same components as those of the previous embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. Hereinafter, the bit holder 35a will be described.
[0039]
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the bit holding body 35 a is formed of a cylindrical body along the front-rear direction of the tunnel, and is fitted into the circular hole 30 of the window portion 29 on the face side via the seal portion 31. And a second cone-like portion 51 that fits into the circular hole 30 of the window portion 29 via the seal portion 31 when the bit holder is rotated 180 degrees. The bit holder 35a is attached to a rotating shaft 36 disposed along the radial direction of the cutter spoke 6 and is in a normal operation state shown in FIG. 5 (b) as the rotating shaft 36 rotates 180 degrees. To the bit exchange state shown in FIG.
[0040]
Also according to this reference mode, the same operation and effect as the previous embodiment can be basically obtained. However, this reference form is inferior to the previous embodiment in that the bit holder 35 rotating from FIG. 5 (b) to FIG. 6 cannot be continuously stopped, and the interval between the roller cutters 46 can be reduced. This is superior to the previous embodiment in that there is no partition wall 25 shown in FIG. In this reference embodiment, a ring-shaped protective plate 53 is provided in the circular hole 30 of the window portion 29 in order to protect the seal portion 31.
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the cutter bit exchange structure according to the present invention, the following effects can be exhibited.
(1) The cutter bit can be inspected and replaced without the operator leaving the face.
(2) Accordingly, it is possible to increase the distance of the shield machine (or TBM) and reduce the cost per unit digging distance.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a seal machine (or TBM) equipped with a cutter bit exchange structure showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of FIG.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2, illustrating how the roller cutter is replaced, in which FIG. 4 (a) is during normal operation, and FIG. 4 (b) is during rotation. 4 (c) is a diagram showing the time of bit exchange.
5A and 5B are explanatory diagrams of a cutter bit exchange structure showing a reference embodiment that is not an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5A is a front view, and FIG. 5B is a line bb in FIG. FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line cc of FIG. 5A.
6 is an explanatory view showing the operation of the cutter bit exchanging structure shown in FIG. 5. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
3 Cutter body
4 holes
5 Cylindrical part 6 Cutspoke part
24 Bit change work room 25 Bulkhead
26 Doorway
27 hatch 29 window 30 circular hole 31 annular seal part 32 second circular hole 33 second annular seal part 35 bit holder 35a bit holder 38 bit attachment part 46 roller cutter as cutter bit

Claims (3)

A hollow cutter body provided at the front of the excavator and having a window on the face side, and a bit holder that is rotatably accommodated in the cutter body and a part thereof is exposed to the face side from the window part. A bit mounting portion that is recessed in a part of the bit holding body and is moved to the inside of the cutter body as the bit holding body rotates from a state exposed from the window portion to the face side, and is attached to and detached from the bit mounting portion With a freely attached cutter bit ,
The window portion includes a circular hole opened on the face side of the cutter body and an annular seal portion attached to an inner peripheral surface thereof, and a part of the bit holder is sealed in the circular hole. Molded into a substantially spherical shape so as to be pivotably fitted through the part,
A partition for partitioning the interior of the cutter body in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel is provided, and a second circular hole into which a part of the bit holder is rotatably fitted is formed in the partition. The second circular hole A cutter bit exchanging structure characterized in that a second annular seal portion for sealing between the bit holder and the bit holder is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the cutter bit. The cutter body includes a cylindrical portion having an inner diameter that is rotatably inserted in a hole formed in a bulkhead of the excavator and allows an operator to pass therethrough, and a hollow structure spoke pork portion that is radially attached to the cylindrical portion. Have
The partition wall is provided inside the cutter pork part, and a bit exchange working chamber of a size that allows workers to pass is formed behind the partition wall in the cutter pork part ,
The cutter bit exchanging structure according to claim 1 , wherein an entrance / exit for a worker communicating with the bit exchanging work chamber is formed on a side portion of the cylindrical portion, and a hatch is attached to the entrance / exit so as to be opened and closed . The cutter bit exchange structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cutter bit is a roller cutter .

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