JP6717450B2 - 軽金属基板の二層鉄コーティング - Google Patents
軽金属基板の二層鉄コーティング Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6717450B2 JP6717450B2 JP2016571329A JP2016571329A JP6717450B2 JP 6717450 B2 JP6717450 B2 JP 6717450B2 JP 2016571329 A JP2016571329 A JP 2016571329A JP 2016571329 A JP2016571329 A JP 2016571329A JP 6717450 B2 JP6717450 B2 JP 6717450B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- wrfc
- spray
- coating
- bond coat
- cold gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 122
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 52
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 69
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001636 atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D65/12—Discs; Drums for disc brakes
- F16D65/127—Discs; Drums for disc brakes characterised by properties of the disc surface; Discs lined with friction material
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/028—Including graded layers in composition or in physical properties, e.g. density, porosity, grain size
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- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
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Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Description
[0001]本発明は、一般には、軽金属基板上の鉄担持コーティングに関し、特に、厚く、特にブレーキ部品において、強力な接着及び耐摩耗性を示すかかるコーティングに関する。
[0002]軽金属基板(例えば、Al、Al合金、Mg、Mg合金、及びそれらの金属マトリックス複合材等)上に鉄系耐摩耗性摩擦コーティング(WRFC)を作製するという試みの大部分は、アークスプレー堆積を使用しているが、他の溶射(エアプラズマ、プラズマ、高速酸素燃料、フレームスプレー)システムも使用されており、確実に周知である。鉄系コーティングは典型的には良好な耐摩耗性をもたらすが、特にコーティングが厚い場合、及び/又はコーティングされたシステムが加熱サイクルを受ける場合には、コーティングの接着の問題が必ず存在するようである。残念ながら、WRFCが必要とされる多くの場合は、軽金属基板が露出される温度を下げるように、相当な熱が急激に生じて熱サイクルにつながり、良好な熱遮蔽にとって厚い鉄コーティングが望ましい、摩擦ブレーキ面及びパッド等の可動部品の摩耗表面上に存在する。
[0013]本出願人は、この積年の問題に対する解決策を発見した。この解決策は、軽金属基板の表面の高価な前処理を必要とせず、厚い鉄コーティングの接着性を向上させる。本出願人は、いかなる他の元素よりも多くの鉄で構成される二層コーティングを軽金属基板上に堆積させて、耐腐食性の耐摩耗性摩擦コーティング(WRFC)を形成することができ、熱サイクルの下ですら、良好な摩耗特性(一定の摩擦係数及び寿命)並びに良好な接着性を有し得ることを示した。この解決策は、溶射されるWRFCと保護されるべき部品の表面との間における、コールドガスダイナミックスプレーボンドコートの使用を伴う。ボンドコートは鉄系材料で構成されてもよく、それにより、ボンドコートは摩擦ブレーキコートの熱遮蔽を上乗せすることが有利である。本明細書において、二層コーティングは、少なくとも2つの別個の層を有するコーティングとして理解されるべきであり、二重コーティングは正確に2つの別個の層を有するとして理解され、三重コーティングは正確に3つの別個の層を有するとして理解され、これらの層は、それらの形態、密度、又は組成によって別個である。
[0028]耐摩耗性摩擦コーティング(WRFC)をどのようにして軽金属基板に接着できるかを教示することによって、摩耗表面を得る方法がここに提供される。本明細書において、軽金属基板とは、相当量のAl又はMg等の軽い構造金属(structural metal)で構成される基板を指し、明示的には、基板の金属相において全ての重金属よりも多い、軽い構造金属で構成される基板を指す。金属相とは、任意の複合材強化構成要素が少ない全体基板(whole substrate)を指す。相当量とは少なくとも25モル%であり、典型的には35モル%超又は40モル%超であり、一部の材料の場合には必然的に50モル%超であり得るが、Al合金又はMg合金、及びこれらの合金のうちのいずれかの全ての金属マトリックス複合材として分類される全ての材料が含まれる。典型的には、金属相自体は、少なくとも65重量%の1つ又は複数の軽い構造金属又は合金である。本明細書において、金属合金は、30重量%未満の特定金属を含まず、この特定金属よりも高い濃度の単一の金属種を有しない。
Claims (10)
- 軽金属基板で構成される構造部材を備える機械的部品であって、
前記軽金属基板が第2の部品との摩擦接触用の摩耗表面を有し、
前記摩耗表面が、以下の構造:
少なくとも40重量%のFeで構成され、コールドガスダイナミックスプレーによる形成に整合するミクロ構造を有し、前記構造部材に直接接着される高密度金属ボンドコートと、
前記ボンドコート上に設けられた耐摩耗性摩擦コーティング(WRFC)であり、溶射による形成に整合するミクロ構造を有し、前記ボンドコートに又は中間層に直接接着されるWRFCと、を有し、
前記摩耗表面が、質量基準でいかなる他の元素よりも多くの鉄(Fe)で構成され、300μm超の厚さを有する、機械的部品。 - 前記軽金属基板が、
以下:Si、Cu、Li、Zn、Fe、Ni、Cr、Mn、Tiのうちの1つ又は複数を任意選択で伴う、Al又はMgの1つ又は複数の軽い構造金属を60重量%有する金属相
を含む、請求項1に記載の機械的部品。 - 前記金属相が、Al、Alの合金、又は金属マトリックス複合材料であり、前記金属相がその金属マトリックスである、請求項2に記載の機械的部品。
- 前記摩耗表面が、少なくとも40重量%のFeで構成され、
前記摩耗表面が重量基準でいかなる他の供給材料よりも多くの鋼鉄で構成され、前記鋼鉄が、Fe及びC、並びにNi、Cr、Mn、Al、Moのうちの1つ又は複数を含み、
前記ボンドコートが、組成、ミクロ構造、又は密度が前記部品からの距離の関数として変動するという点において、漸変し、
前記ボンドコートが、少なくとも200μmの厚さであり、
前記ボンドコート及び前記WRFCが、2種の異なる鋼鉄で構成され、一方が前記ボンドコートにおいて主であり、一方が前記WRFCにおいて主であり、
前記WRFCが、少なくとも40重量%のFeで構成され、
前記WRFCが、少なくとも100μmの厚さであり、
前記WRFCが、5mm未満の厚さであり、
前記WRFCが前記ボンドコートに直接接着され、又は
少なくとも1つの中間コートが前記ボンドコートと前記WRFCとの間に設けられ、各中間コートが、溶射トーチによる、又はコールドガスダイナミックスプレーによる塗布に整合するミクロ構造を有し、
少なくとも1つの中間コートが前記ボンドコートと前記WRFCとの間に設けられ、前記中間コートが、組成、ミクロ構造、又は密度が前記部品からの距離の関数として変動するという点において、漸変し、
前記摩耗表面が、1つ若しくは複数のコールドガスダイナミックスプレー層及び1つ若しくは複数の溶射層を含む、又は、
前記摩耗表面が、1つ若しくは複数の溶射層によって覆われた1つ若しくは複数のコールドガスダイナミックスプレー層を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の機械的部品。 - 軽金属基板上に耐摩耗性摩擦コーティング(WRFC)を堆積させる方法であって、
前記基板上の前処理済表面を露出させるステップと、
いかなる他の単一の元素よりも多くの鉄を含有するコールドガスダイナミックスプレーボンドコートを前記前処理済表面上に直接付けるステップと、
前記基板の上において、少なくとも300μmの厚さまで前記WRFCコーティングを前記ボンドコート上に溶射するステップと
を含む、方法。 - 前記溶射するステップが、溶線式、プラズマ、HVOF、ウォームスプレー、及びフレームスプレー装置のうちの1つを用いて行われ、
前記WRFCコーティングの溶射に用いられるTS供給原料が、少なくとも40重量%の鉄からなる、
請求項5に記載の方法。 - 前記コールドガスダイナミックスプレーボンドコートを付けるステップが、コールドスプレー(CS)、ウォームスプレー、及びHVOFスプレートーチのうちの1つを動作させて、CS供給原料を加速させて、実質的に固体として前記CS供給原料の高い変形衝突によって前記コーティングを設けることを含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記WRFCを溶射する前に、1つ又は複数の中間コートを前記ボンドコート上に付けるステップをさらに含み、
各中間コートが、溶射若しくはコールドガスダイナミックスプレーによって付けられるか、
各中間コートが、少なくとも1つのコールドガスダイナミックスプレーコーティング、それに続く少なくとも1つの溶射コーティングによって作製され、最後の少なくとも1つの溶射コーティングが前記WRFCであるか、又は
1つ若しくは複数の中間コートを付けるステップが、前記コーティングの間の溶射若しくはコールドガスダイナミックスプレーのパラメータを変動させて、漸変する組成、ミクロ構造、若しくは密度を有する中間コートを作製することを含む、請求項5〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記基板上の前処理済表面を露出させるステップが、前記表面をピーニング、ブラスト処理、エッチング、又は研磨することを含まない、請求項5〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 露出された耐摩耗性摩擦コーティング(WRFC)を持つ二層コーティングを有する表面を有し、Al又はAl合金で構成される構造部品、を備えるブレーキであって、
質量基準でいかなる他の元素よりも多くの鉄で構成される高密度金属ボンドコートが前記WRFCの下地にあり、前記ボンドコートがコールドガスダイナミックスプレーによる形成に整合するミクロ構造を有する、ブレーキ。
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PCT/IB2015/054239 WO2015186095A1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-06-04 | Bi-layer iron coating of lightweight metallic substrate |
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