JP6710646B2 - High temperature heat storage system and high temperature heat storage method - Google Patents

High temperature heat storage system and high temperature heat storage method Download PDF

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JP6710646B2
JP6710646B2 JP2017006725A JP2017006725A JP6710646B2 JP 6710646 B2 JP6710646 B2 JP 6710646B2 JP 2017006725 A JP2017006725 A JP 2017006725A JP 2017006725 A JP2017006725 A JP 2017006725A JP 6710646 B2 JP6710646 B2 JP 6710646B2
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JP2018116834A (en
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高橋　政彦
政彦 高橋
坂上　英一
英一 坂上
健太郎 松永
健太郎 松永
山本　泰
泰 山本
和雄 佐藤
和雄 佐藤
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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Description

本発明の実施形態は、水素電力貯蔵装置などに用いられる高温蓄熱システム及び高温蓄熱方法に関する。 Embodiments of the present invention relate to a high temperature heat storage system and a high temperature heat storage method used for a hydrogen power storage device and the like.

従来、水蒸気の電気分解で発生した水素を貯蔵し、この貯蔵した水素によって発電を可能とする水素電力貯蔵装置が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。
このような水素電力貯蔵装置の一例を、図４を用いて説明する。図４は、従来の水素電力貯蔵装置の構成を模式的に示した図である。 Conventionally, there is known a hydrogen power storage device that stores hydrogen generated by electrolysis of water vapor and enables power generation by the stored hydrogen (for example, see Patent Document 1).
An example of such a hydrogen power storage device will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a conventional hydrogen power storage device.

図４に示すように、水素電力貯蔵装置１０は、固体酸化物型電解セル（ＳＯＥＣ）及び固体酸化物型燃料電池（ＳＯＦＣ）の双方の機能を備えた電力／水素変換装置１１（セルスタック部）と、この電力／水素変換装置１１によって生成された水素を貯蔵する水素貯蔵装置１２と、発電時に発生した高温の熱を貯蔵する蓄熱装置１３を具備している。 As shown in FIG. 4, the hydrogen power storage device 10 includes a power/hydrogen conversion device 11 (cell stack unit) having both functions of a solid oxide electrolytic cell (SOEC) and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). ), a hydrogen storage device 12 for storing hydrogen generated by the power/hydrogen conversion device 11, and a heat storage device 13 for storing high-temperature heat generated during power generation.

そして、発電モード（ＳＯＦＣモード）においては、電力／水素変換装置１１に、水素貯蔵装置１２で貯蔵された水素と、空気（酸素）が供給され、発電が行われる。このとき発生した熱が蓄熱装置１３に貯蔵される。 Then, in the power generation mode (SOFC mode), the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device 12 and the air (oxygen) are supplied to the power/hydrogen conversion device 11 to generate power. The heat generated at this time is stored in the heat storage device 13.

一方、水電解モード（ＳＯＥＣモード）においては、電力／水素変換装置１１に、水蒸気と、蓄熱装置１３に貯蔵された高温の熱が供給され、水蒸気が電気分解されて水素が生成される。このとき、生成された水素が水素貯蔵装置１２に貯蔵される。 On the other hand, in the water electrolysis mode (SOEC mode), the steam/high-temperature heat stored in the heat storage device 13 is supplied to the power/hydrogen conversion device 11, and the steam is electrolyzed to generate hydrogen. At this time, the generated hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage device 12.

このように、蓄熱装置１３は、一時的に熱を蓄え、必要な時に熱を放出することで、エネルギーの有効利用を可能としている。蓄熱装置１３における蓄熱温度は装置により異なるが、上述した水素電力貯蔵装置の例では、蓄熱装置１３に７００℃以上の高温の熱が蓄熱される。 As described above, the heat storage device 13 temporarily stores heat and releases the heat when necessary, thereby enabling effective use of energy. Although the heat storage temperature in the heat storage device 13 varies depending on the device, in the example of the hydrogen power storage device described above, heat of 700° C. or higher is stored in the heat storage device 13.

特開２０１０−２３２１６５号公報JP, 2010-232165, A

ところで、高温の熱が蓄熱される蓄熱装置においては、断熱手段が重要になるとともに、伝熱方式でも工夫が必要となる。
例えば、伝熱方式として伝熱板を用いる場合、熱伝導率が大きいアルミは融点が６６０℃であることから、７００℃以上の高温の蓄熱装置では用いることができない。また、融点の高い銅を伝熱板として用いたとしても、その接続部に融点の低い半田などを用いることができないため、熱抵抗が大きくなり、熱源と蓄熱装置の間の温度差が大きくなるという問題がある。 By the way, in a heat storage device in which high-temperature heat is stored, the heat insulating means becomes important, and a heat transfer method needs to be improved.
For example, when a heat transfer plate is used as the heat transfer method, aluminum having a high thermal conductivity cannot be used in a heat storage device having a high temperature of 700° C. or higher because its melting point is 660° C. Further, even if copper having a high melting point is used as a heat transfer plate, since solder having a low melting point cannot be used for the connection portion, the thermal resistance becomes large and the temperature difference between the heat source and the heat storage device becomes large. There is a problem.

また、伝熱方式として熱媒体を用いて蓄熱装置に熱を供給しようとする場合、７００℃以上の高温では水などの比熱の大きな熱媒体は用いることができず、窒素ガスなどの比熱の小さな熱媒体が用いられることになるが、この場合には、大量の熱媒体を循環させる必要がある。 When heat is used to supply heat to the heat storage device as a heat transfer method, a heat medium having a large specific heat such as water cannot be used at a high temperature of 700° C. or higher, and a small specific heat such as nitrogen gas cannot be used. A heat carrier will be used, but in this case a large amount of heat carrier needs to be circulated.

また、この場合、熱媒体を循環するための圧縮機が必要となるが、圧縮機も７００℃以上で運転できるものは無いため、圧縮機を室温領域に配置し、熱交換器を介して熱媒体を循環させる必要がある。このため、熱交換器の効率が１００％に満たない場合には、熱損失が生じることになり、さらに、熱交換器を含めた圧力損失も大きくなるため、圧縮機の所要動力も増大する。
このように、窒素ガスなどを熱媒体とする伝熱方式では、高温になるほど熱損失と所要動力を合わせたシステム損失が増加してしまうという問題がある。 In addition, in this case, a compressor for circulating the heat medium is required, but there is no compressor that can be operated at 700°C or higher. Therefore, place the compressor in the room temperature range and heat it via the heat exchanger. It is necessary to circulate the medium. Therefore, when the efficiency of the heat exchanger is less than 100%, heat loss occurs, and the pressure loss including the heat exchanger also increases, so that the required power of the compressor also increases.
As described above, in the heat transfer method using nitrogen gas or the like as a heat medium, there is a problem that the system loss including the heat loss and the required power increases as the temperature becomes higher.

一方、高温で有効な伝熱方式として、放射伝熱方式がある。この放射伝熱方式における伝熱量は、下記の式１によって示すことができる。

Figure 0006710646
On the other hand, a radiant heat transfer method is an effective heat transfer method at high temperatures. The amount of heat transfer in this radiative heat transfer method can be expressed by the following expression 1.
Figure 0006710646

式１に示すように、放射伝熱方式における伝熱量は、一般に、温度の４乗の差で増加するため、高温になるほど単位面積当たりの伝熱量が急激に増加し、伝熱が容易になる。また、放射伝熱方式では、動力を必要としないためシステム損失も少ないという利点がある。 As shown in Expression 1, since the heat transfer amount in the radiant heat transfer method generally increases by the difference of the fourth power of the temperature, the heat transfer amount per unit area sharply increases as the temperature becomes higher, and the heat transfer becomes easier. .. Further, the radiant heat transfer method has an advantage that system loss is small because power is not required.

しかしながら、放射伝熱方式における伝熱量は、伝熱面の温度と放射率との関係で変動するため、伝熱量を安定的に制御できないという問題がある。このため、放射伝熱方式を蓄熱装置に用いる場合には、セルスタックの温度を最適に制御することが困難で、安定的な熱出力を得ることができないという問題があった。
このように、従来の熱伝導方式、熱媒体循環方式、放射伝熱方式は、いずれも上述したような問題があるため、有効な伝熱方式の開発が課題となっていた。 However, since the amount of heat transfer in the radiant heat transfer method varies depending on the relationship between the temperature of the heat transfer surface and the emissivity, there is a problem that the amount of heat transfer cannot be stably controlled. Therefore, when the radiant heat transfer method is used in the heat storage device, it is difficult to optimally control the temperature of the cell stack, and there is a problem that a stable heat output cannot be obtained.
As described above, the conventional heat conduction method, the heat medium circulation method, and the radiant heat transfer method all have the problems as described above, and therefore the development of an effective heat transfer method has been a problem.

本発明の実施形態は、上述した課題を解決するためになされたものであり、高温であっても、システム損失が少なく、温度制御が可能な高温蓄熱システム及び高温蓄熱方法を得ることを目的とする。 Embodiments of the present invention have been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to obtain a high-temperature heat storage system and a high-temperature heat storage method in which system loss is small and temperature control is possible even at high temperatures. To do.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明の実施形態に係る高温蓄熱システムは、発電モードと水電解モードの運転状態を有するセルスタック部と、前記セルスタック部に対向して設けられた第１の蓄熱体と、前記セルスタック部に熱媒体を供給する圧縮機と、前記セルスタック部と前記圧縮機との間を循環する熱媒体流路に設けられた第２の蓄熱体と、前記熱媒体流路に設けられ前記セルスタック部に対する前記熱媒体の流向を切り替える切替装置と、前記切替装置の切替制御及び前記熱媒体の流量制御を行う制御部と、を備えたことを特徴とする。
また、本発明の実施形態に係る高温蓄熱方法は、本実施形態に係る高温蓄熱システムを用いてセルスタック部の温度を制御することを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, a high-temperature heat storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a cell stack unit having operating states of a power generation mode and a water electrolysis mode, and a first stack provided facing the cell stack unit. A heat storage body, a compressor that supplies a heat medium to the cell stack section, a second heat storage body provided in a heat medium flow path that circulates between the cell stack section and the compressor, and the heat medium. A switching device provided in the flow path for switching the flow direction of the heat medium with respect to the cell stack unit, and a control unit for performing switching control of the switching device and flow rate control of the heat medium are provided.
The high temperature heat storage method according to the embodiment of the present invention is characterized by controlling the temperature of the cell stack unit using the high temperature heat storage system according to the present embodiment.

本発明によれば、高温であっても、システム損失が少なく、温度制御が可能な高温蓄熱システム及び高温蓄熱方法を得ることができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a high-temperature heat storage system and a high-temperature heat storage method capable of controlling the temperature with little system loss even at high temperatures.

本発明の実施形態に係る高温蓄熱システムの発電モード（ＳＯＦＣモード）における動作図である。It is an operation|movement figure in the electric power generation mode (SOFC mode) of the high temperature heat storage system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態に係る高温蓄熱システムの水電解モード（ＳＯＥＣモード）における動作図である。It is an operation|movement figure in the water electrolysis mode (SOEC mode) of the high temperature heat storage system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 入射角と反射率の関係を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the relationship between an incident angle and reflectance. 従来の水素電力貯蔵装置の構成を模式的に示した図である。It is the figure which showed typically the structure of the conventional hydrogen power storage device.

以下、本発明に係る高温蓄熱システム及び高温蓄熱方法の実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。
なお、本実施形態では、本発明に係る高温蓄熱システムを、図４を用いて説明した水素電力貯蔵装置に適用した例について説明する。また、図１及び図２では、水素電力貯蔵装置における、電力／水素変換装置（セルスタック部）、蓄熱装置及び酸素・空気系のガス配管を抜き出して説明している。 Hereinafter, embodiments of a high temperature heat storage system and a high temperature heat storage method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In this embodiment, an example in which the high temperature heat storage system according to the present invention is applied to the hydrogen power storage device described with reference to FIG. 4 will be described. 1 and 2, the electric power/hydrogen conversion device (cell stack part), the heat storage device, and the oxygen/air system gas pipe in the hydrogen power storage device are extracted and described.

［構成］
（高温蓄熱システムの構成）
図１及び図２に示すように、本実施形態の高温蓄熱システムは、セルスタック部１と、セルスタック部１を囲むように配置された蓄熱カプセル群からなる第１の蓄熱体２と、熱媒体９を循環させる圧縮機５と、セルスタック部１と圧縮機５との間に接続され熱媒体９が循環する熱媒体流路を形成するガス配管３と、ガス配管３の流路内に設けられた蓄熱カプセル群からなる第２の蓄熱体４と、ガス配管３を循環する熱媒体９の熱交換を行う熱交換器６と、圧縮機５と熱交換器６との間に設けられ熱媒体９の流路を切り替える切替弁（切替装置）７と、圧縮機５を例えばインバータ制御することでガス配管３内の熱媒体９の流量を制御するとともに、切替弁７を制御することでガス配管３内の熱媒体９の流向を切り替える制御部８と、から構成される。 [Constitution]
(Structure of high temperature heat storage system)
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the high temperature heat storage system according to the present embodiment includes a cell stack unit 1, a first heat storage body 2 including a heat storage capsule group arranged so as to surround the cell stack unit 1, and a heat storage unit. A compressor 5 that circulates the medium 9, a gas pipe 3 that is connected between the cell stack portion 1 and the compressor 5 and that forms a heat medium flow passage through which the heat medium 9 circulates, and a gas pipe 3 It is provided between the second heat storage body 4 including the provided heat storage capsule group, the heat exchanger 6 that performs heat exchange of the heat medium 9 that circulates in the gas pipe 3, and the compressor 5 and the heat exchanger 6. By controlling the flow rate of the heat medium 9 in the gas pipe 3 by controlling the switching valve (switching device) 7 that switches the flow path of the heat medium 9 and the compressor 5 by, for example, an inverter, and by controlling the switching valve 7. The control unit 8 switches the flow direction of the heat medium 9 in the gas pipe 3.

なお、本実施形態では、熱媒体９の一例として空気を用いているが、他の熱媒体ガスを用いることもできる。
また、本実施形態では、熱媒体９の流量制御の一例として制御部８が圧縮機５を制御する手法を用いているが、例えば、ガス配管３に流量調整弁などを設け、制御部８がこれを制御することで熱媒体９の流量を制御する手法を用いることもできる。 In the present embodiment, air is used as an example of the heat medium 9, but other heat medium gas may be used.
Further, in the present embodiment, the method in which the control unit 8 controls the compressor 5 is used as an example of the flow rate control of the heat medium 9. However, for example, a flow rate adjustment valve or the like is provided in the gas pipe 3, and the control unit 8 A method of controlling the flow rate of the heat medium 9 by controlling this can also be used.

セルスタック部１は、固体酸化物型電解セル（ＳＯＥＣ）及び固体酸化物型燃料電池（ＳＯＦＣ）の機能を備えており（図示せず）、発電モード（ＳＯＦＣモード）では、セルスタック部１が発熱し、電力を生成するとともに、熱の一部は放射伝熱により第１の蓄熱体２に蓄熱される。一方、水電解モード（ＳＯＥＣモード）では、第１の蓄熱体２と第２の蓄熱体４からの熱により、水蒸気が電気分解されて水素が生成される。 The cell stack unit 1 has the functions of a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) (not shown). In the power generation mode (SOFC mode), the cell stack unit 1 is While generating heat and generating electric power, a part of the heat is stored in the first heat storage body 2 by radiative heat transfer. On the other hand, in the water electrolysis mode (SOEC mode), steam is electrolyzed by the heat from the first heat storage body 2 and the second heat storage body 4 to generate hydrogen.

（第１の蓄熱体２の構成）
第１の蓄熱体２は、複数の第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄからなり、セルスタック部１を囲むように配置される。図１及び図２に示す例では、矩形状のセルスタック部１の４面に対向するように、矩形状の第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄが配置されている。 (Configuration of the first heat storage body 2)
The first heat storage body 2 includes a plurality of first heat storage capsules 2 a to 2 d, and is arranged so as to surround the cell stack unit 1. In the example illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rectangular first heat storage capsules 2a to 2d are arranged so as to face the four surfaces of the rectangular cell stack unit 1.

各第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄは、外壁が例えば炭化ケイ素（SiC）からなり、内部に例えば炭酸ナトリウム−炭酸カリウム（Na2CO3-K2CO3）等の溶融塩からなる蓄熱材が充填されている。 The outer wall of each of the first heat storage capsules 2a to 2d is made of, for example, silicon carbide (SiC), and a heat storage material made of a molten salt such as sodium carbonate-potassium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3 ) is provided inside. It is filled.

このように矩形状の各第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄは、矩形状のセルスタック部１の４面にそれぞれ平行となるように対向して配置されていることで、セルスタック部１の発熱量の約９０％が、放射伝熱により各第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄに蓄熱される。 As described above, the rectangular first heat storage capsules 2a to 2d are arranged so as to be parallel to the four surfaces of the rectangular cell stack unit 1, respectively, so that the heat generated in the cell stack unit 1 is generated. About 90% of the amount is stored in each of the first heat storage capsules 2a to 2d by radiative heat transfer.

ところで、セルスタック部１から第１の蓄熱体２（第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄ）への放射伝熱量は、上記の式１に示したように放射率εに比例する。そして、放射率εと反射率αとの関係は、下記の式２によって示すことができる。

Figure 0006710646
By the way, the amount of radiant heat transfer from the cell stack portion 1 to the first heat storage body 2 (first heat storage capsules 2a to 2d) is proportional to the emissivity ε as shown in the above-mentioned formula 1. Then, the relationship between the emissivity ε and the reflectance α can be expressed by the following Expression 2.
Figure 0006710646

また、図３に示すように、反射率αは、一般に、入射角が水平（９０°）に近づくと１に近づくことが知られている。したがって、セルスタック部１から第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄへの放射伝熱量を大きくするためには、伝熱面に対して入射角を垂直（０°）にすることが望ましい。 Further, as shown in FIG. 3, it is known that the reflectance α generally approaches 1 when the incident angle approaches horizontal (90°). Therefore, in order to increase the radiant heat transfer amount from the cell stack portion 1 to the first heat storage capsules 2a to 2d, it is desirable that the incident angle be perpendicular (0°) to the heat transfer surface.

このような観点により、本実施形態では、セルスタック部１が矩形に形成されていることに応じて、第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄも矩形とし、伝熱面（すなわち、第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄにおけるセルスタック部１と対向する面）がセルスタック部１の各面と平行になるように配置している。 From this point of view, in the present embodiment, the first heat storage capsules 2a to 2d are also made rectangular in accordance with the cell stack portion 1 being formed in a rectangular shape, and the heat transfer surface (that is, the first heat storage capsules). The surfaces 2a to 2d facing the cell stack portion 1) are arranged in parallel with the respective surfaces of the cell stack portion 1.

なお、第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄの形状は、セルスタック部１の形状に応じて適宜変更することができる。例えば、セルスタック部１が円柱状であれば、第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄを円環状とし、円柱状のセルスタック部１の外周に間隙を介して同心状に配置してもよい。いずれにしろ、セルスタック部１と第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄを相互に対向して配置することが可能な形状であれば、どのような形状であってもよい。 The shapes of the first heat storage capsules 2a to 2d can be appropriately changed according to the shape of the cell stack portion 1. For example, if the cell stack portion 1 is columnar, the first heat storage capsules 2a to 2d may be annular and arranged concentrically on the outer periphery of the columnar cell stack portion 1 with a gap. In any case, any shape may be used as long as the cell stack portion 1 and the first heat storage capsules 2a to 2d can be arranged to face each other.

また、図１及び図２に示す例では、配置される第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄの数を４としているが、これに限られるものではなく、例えば、セルスタック部１の形状や必要な蓄熱容量などに応じて適宜増減することができる。 Further, in the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the number of the first heat storage capsules 2a to 2d to be arranged is four, but the number is not limited to this, and for example, the shape of the cell stack portion 1 and the necessary It can be increased or decreased depending on the heat storage capacity.

（第２の蓄熱体の構成）
第２の蓄熱体４は、複数の円柱状の第２の蓄熱カプセル４ａ〜４ｄからなり、セルスタック部１と熱交換器６との間のガス配管３の流路内に設けられる。各第２の蓄熱カプセル４ａ〜４ｄは、外壁が例えば炭化ケイ素（SiC）からなり、内部に例えば炭酸ナトリウム−炭酸カリウム（Na2CO3-K2CO3）等の溶融塩からなる蓄熱材が充填されている。 (Configuration of second heat storage body)
The second heat storage body 4 is composed of a plurality of cylindrical second heat storage capsules 4 a to 4 d, and is provided in the flow path of the gas pipe 3 between the cell stack portion 1 and the heat exchanger 6. The outer wall of each of the second heat storage capsules 4a to 4d is made of, for example, silicon carbide (SiC), and a heat storage material made of a molten salt such as sodium carbonate-potassium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3 ) is provided inside. It is filled.

また、各第２の蓄熱カプセル４ａ〜４ｄは、ガス配管３を流れる空気（酸素）からの熱伝達によって蓄熱されるが、この熱伝達率を高くするために流速を早くすると、圧力損失及び所要動力が増加しシステム効率が下がる。したがって、本実施形態では、第２の蓄熱カプセル４ａ〜４ｄを円柱形とし、高い熱伝達率と低い圧力損失の両立を可能としている。 Further, each of the second heat storage capsules 4a to 4d stores heat by heat transfer from air (oxygen) flowing through the gas pipe 3. However, if the flow velocity is increased to increase the heat transfer coefficient, pressure loss and required pressure are reduced. Power increases and system efficiency decreases. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the second heat storage capsules 4a to 4d have a columnar shape, and both high heat transfer coefficient and low pressure loss can be achieved.

さらに、図１及び図２に示す例では、配置される第２の蓄熱カプセル４ａ〜４ｄの数を４としているが、これに限られるものではなく、例えば、セルスタック部１の形状や必要な蓄熱容量などに応じて適宜増減することができる。 Furthermore, in the example shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the number of the second heat storage capsules 4a to 4d to be arranged is four, but the number is not limited to this, and for example, the shape of the cell stack portion 1 and the required It can be increased or decreased depending on the heat storage capacity.

なお、第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄ及び／又は第２の蓄熱カプセル４ａ〜４ｄにおいて、外壁の素材は他の素材、例えば、酸化アルミニウム（Al2O3）などを用いることができるし、蓄熱材も他の素材を用いることができる。 In the first heat storage capsules 2a to 2d and/or the second heat storage capsules 4a to 4d, the outer wall material may be another material, for example, aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), As the material, other materials can be used.

［作用］
上記のように構成された高温蓄熱システムの作用を、ＳＯＦＣモード（発電モード）とＳＯＥＣモード（水電解モード）に分けて説明する。なお、図１及び図２において、ガス配管３に隣接して付された矢線は熱媒体９の流向を示すものである。 [Action]
The operation of the high temperature heat storage system configured as described above will be described separately for the SOFC mode (power generation mode) and the SOEC mode (water electrolysis mode). In addition, in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, an arrow line provided adjacent to the gas pipe 3 indicates the flow direction of the heat medium 9.

（ＳＯＦＣモード（発電モード））
ＳＯＦＣモードでは、図１に示すように、セルスタック部１は発熱状態にあり、その発熱量の約９０％が対向する第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄに放射伝熱され、残りの発熱量はガス配管３を循環する熱媒体９により第２の蓄熱カプセル４ａ〜４ｄに運ばれる。次いで、熱媒体９は熱交換器６、切替弁７、圧縮機５、熱交換器６を経てセルスタック部１に循環する。 (SOFC mode (power generation mode))
In the SOFC mode, as shown in FIG. 1, the cell stack portion 1 is in a heat generation state, and about 90% of the heat generation amount is radiatively transferred to the opposing first heat storage capsules 2a to 2d, and the remaining heat generation amount is The heat medium 9 circulating through the gas pipe 3 is carried to the second heat storage capsules 4a to 4d. Next, the heat medium 9 circulates to the cell stack portion 1 via the heat exchanger 6, the switching valve 7, the compressor 5, and the heat exchanger 6.

ところで、第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄでは、その表面温度が変化するため、セルスタック部１からの放射伝熱量は一定にはならない。そのため、本実施形態では、セルスタック部１の温度が一定の温度、例えば約７５０℃となるように、制御部８によって熱媒体９の流量を制御する。
このように、セルスタック部１の温度を一定に制御することにより、安定的な熱出力を得ることができるため、水素電力貯蔵システムのシステム効率を向上させることができる。 By the way, since the surface temperature of the first heat storage capsules 2a to 2d changes, the amount of radiant heat transfer from the cell stack unit 1 is not constant. Therefore, in this embodiment, the flow rate of the heat medium 9 is controlled by the control unit 8 so that the temperature of the cell stack unit 1 becomes a constant temperature, for example, about 750°C.
In this way, by controlling the temperature of the cell stack unit 1 to be constant, a stable heat output can be obtained, so that the system efficiency of the hydrogen power storage system can be improved.

また、空気等からなる熱媒体９の流量は、熱媒体だけで伝熱する場合の１／１０程度であり、圧縮機５などの所要動力も少なく済む。また、流量が少なくなることで、酸素・空気系のガスを熱媒体９として用いることができるため、窒素ガスなどの熱媒体専用の循環系が不要となり、水素電力貯蔵システムを大幅に簡素化することができる。 Further, the flow rate of the heat medium 9 made of air or the like is about 1/10 of that in the case where heat is transferred only by the heat medium, and the required power of the compressor 5 and the like can be reduced. In addition, since the oxygen/air system gas can be used as the heat medium 9 due to the reduced flow rate, a circulation system dedicated to the heat medium such as nitrogen gas is not required, and the hydrogen power storage system is greatly simplified. be able to.

（ＳＯＥＣモード（水電解モード））
ＳＯＥＣモードでは、図２に示すように、セルスタック部１は吸熱状態にあり、第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄからの放射伝熱と第２の蓄熱カプセル４ａ〜４ｄから流入する高温の熱媒体９によって加熱される。 (SOEC mode (water electrolysis mode))
In the SOEC mode, as shown in FIG. 2, the cell stack unit 1 is in a heat absorbing state, and the radiant heat transfer from the first heat storage capsules 2a to 2d and the high-temperature heat medium flowing from the second heat storage capsules 4a to 4d. Heated by 9.

熱媒体９は、切替弁７を図２に示すように切り替えることにより、セルスタック部１、熱交換器６、切替弁７、圧縮機５、熱交換器６、第２の蓄熱カプセル４ａ〜４ｄを経てセルスタック部１に循環する。 The heat medium 9 is switched by switching the switching valve 7 as shown in FIG. 2, whereby the cell stack unit 1, the heat exchanger 6, the switching valve 7, the compressor 5, the heat exchanger 6, and the second heat storage capsules 4a to 4d. And then circulates in the cell stack portion 1.

ところで、上述したように、第１の蓄熱カプセル２ａ〜２ｄは、その表面温度が変化するため、セルスタック部１への放射伝熱量も一定にはならない。そのため、本実施形態では、ＳＯＥＣモードにおいても、セルスタック部１の温度が、一定の温度、例えば約６５０℃になるように、制御部８によって熱媒体９の流量を制御する。 By the way, as described above, since the surface temperature of the first heat storage capsules 2a to 2d changes, the amount of radiant heat transfer to the cell stack portion 1 is not constant. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the flow rate of the heat medium 9 is controlled by the control unit 8 so that the temperature of the cell stack unit 1 becomes a constant temperature, for example, about 650° C. even in the SOEC mode.

このように、ＳＯＥＣモードにおいても、セルスタック部１の温度を一定に制御することにより、安定的な熱出力を得ることができるため、水素電力貯蔵システムのシステム効率を向上させることができる。 As described above, even in the SOEC mode, stable heat output can be obtained by controlling the temperature of the cell stack unit 1 to be constant, so that the system efficiency of the hydrogen power storage system can be improved.

［効果］
以上説明したように、本発明の実施形態によれば、放射伝熱手段を用いた第１の蓄熱体２と、熱媒体による伝熱手段を用いた第２の蓄熱体４を併用したことにより、ＳＯＦＣモード及びＳＯＥＣモードのいずれの運転状態においても、セルスタック部１の温度を所定温度に制御することが可能となる。 [effect]
As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the first heat storage body 2 using the radiant heat transfer means and the second heat storage body 4 using the heat transfer means by the heat medium are used in combination. It is possible to control the temperature of the cell stack unit 1 to a predetermined temperature in both the SOFC mode and the SOEC mode.

したがって、高温であっても、システム損失が少ない高温蓄熱システム及び高温蓄熱方法を得ることができる。また、これにより、セルスタック部１の熱出力を安定化することができるため、水素電力貯蔵システムのシステム効率を向上させることができる。 Therefore, it is possible to obtain a high-temperature heat storage system and a high-temperature heat storage method that cause little system loss even at high temperatures. Moreover, since the heat output of the cell stack part 1 can be stabilized by this, the system efficiency of a hydrogen electric power storage system can be improved.

以上、本発明の実施形態を説明したが、この実施形態は、例として提示したものであり、発明の範囲を限定することは意図していない。この実施形態は、その他の様々な形態で実施されることが可能であり、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、種々の省略、組み合わせ、置き換え、変更を行うことができる。また、この実施形態やその変形は、発明の範囲や要旨に含まれるとともに、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明とその均等の範囲に含まれる。 Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, this embodiment is presented as an example and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. This embodiment can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, combinations, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. In addition, the embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and the gist of the invention, and are also included in the invention described in the claims and an equivalent range thereof.

１…セルスタック部、２…第１の蓄熱体、２ａ〜２ｄ…第１の蓄熱カプセル、３…ガス配管、４…第２の蓄熱体、４ａ〜４ｄ…第２の蓄熱カプセル、５…圧縮機、６…熱交換器、７…切替弁（切替装置）、８…制御部、９…熱媒体 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Cell stack part, 2... 1st heat storage body, 2a-2d... 1st heat storage capsule, 3... Gas piping, 4... 2nd heat storage body, 4a-4d... 2nd heat storage capsule, 5... Compression Machine, 6... heat exchanger, 7... switching valve (switching device), 8... control unit, 9... heat medium

Claims (9)

発電モードと水電解モードの運転状態を有するセルスタック部と、前記セルスタック部に対向して設けられた第１の蓄熱体と、前記セルスタック部に熱媒体を供給する圧縮機と、前記セルスタック部と前記圧縮機との間を循環する熱媒体流路に設けられた第２の蓄熱体と、前記熱媒体流路に設けられ前記セルスタック部に対する前記熱媒体の流向を切り替える切替装置と、前記切替装置の切替制御及び前記熱媒体の流量制御を行う制御部と、を備えたことを特徴とする高温蓄熱システム。 A cell stack part having operating states of a power generation mode and a water electrolysis mode, a first heat storage body provided facing the cell stack part, a compressor for supplying a heat medium to the cell stack part, and the cell A second heat storage body provided in a heat medium passage that circulates between the stack portion and the compressor; and a switching device that is provided in the heat medium passage and switches the flow direction of the heat medium with respect to the cell stack portion. And a control unit that controls switching of the switching device and flow rate control of the heat medium. 前記制御部は、前記セルスタック部の運転状態が前記発電モード又は前記水電解モードのいずれの運転状態であるかによって、前記セルスタック部に対する前記熱媒体の流向が逆向きになるように前記切替装置を切り替えることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の高温蓄熱システム。 The control unit switches the flow direction of the heat medium with respect to the cell stack unit in the opposite direction depending on which of the power generation mode and the water electrolysis mode the operating condition of the cell stack unit is. The high temperature heat storage system according to claim 1, wherein the device is switched. 前記制御部は、前記セルスタック部の運転状態が前記発電モード又は前記水電解モードのいずれの運転状態であっても、前記セルスタック部がそれぞれ一定の温度となるように前記熱媒体の流量を制御することを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２に記載の高温蓄熱システム。 The control unit controls the flow rate of the heat medium so that the cell stack unit has a constant temperature regardless of whether the operation state of the cell stack unit is the power generation mode or the water electrolysis mode. It controls, The high temperature heat storage system of Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. 前記第１の蓄熱体は、複数の第１の蓄熱カプセルからなり、各第１の蓄熱カプセルの伝熱面が前記セルスタック部の伝熱面と平行になるように配置されることを特徴とする請求項１乃至３のいずれか１項に記載の高温蓄熱システム。 The first heat storage body comprises a plurality of first heat storage capsules, and the heat transfer surface of each first heat storage capsule is arranged so as to be parallel to the heat transfer surface of the cell stack portion. The high temperature heat storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 前記第１の蓄熱カプセルは矩形状であることを特徴とする請求項４に記載の高温蓄熱システム。 The high temperature heat storage system according to claim 4, wherein the first heat storage capsule has a rectangular shape. 前記第２の蓄熱体は、円柱状の複数の第２の蓄熱カプセルからなり、前記熱媒体流路の内部に配置されることを特徴とする請求項１乃至５のいずれか１項に記載の高温蓄熱システム。 The said 2nd heat storage body consists of several cylindrical 2nd heat storage capsules, and is arrange|positioned inside the said heat medium flow path, The any one of Claim 1 thru|or 5 characterized by the above-mentioned. High temperature heat storage system. 前記第１の蓄熱カプセル又は前記第２の蓄熱カプセルの少なくともいずれかには、蓄熱材として溶融塩が充填されていることを特徴とする請求項４乃至６のいずれか１項に記載の高温蓄熱システム。
Said first thermal storage capsule Le also to at least one of the second heat storage capsules according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the molten salt is filled as a heat storage material High temperature heat storage system.
前記熱媒体が前記セルスタック部に供給される空気であることを特徴とする請求項１乃至７のいずれか１項に記載の高温蓄熱システム。 The high temperature heat storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the heat medium is air supplied to the cell stack unit. 請求項１乃至８のいずれか１項に記載の高温蓄熱システムを用いてセルスタック部の温度を制御することを特徴とする高温蓄熱方法。 A high temperature heat storage method comprising controlling the temperature of a cell stack part using the high temperature heat storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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