CN110220405B - Solid heat storage and transfer control method based on Fourier number consistency - Google Patents

Solid heat storage and transfer control method based on Fourier number consistency Download PDF

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CN110220405B
CN110220405B CN201910426894.3A CN201910426894A CN110220405B CN 110220405 B CN110220405 B CN 110220405B CN 201910426894 A CN201910426894 A CN 201910426894A CN 110220405 B CN110220405 B CN 110220405B
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heat
temperature
solid
heat storage
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CN110220405A (en
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葛维春
代俊雯
陈雷
雷振江
梅迪
郭永贵
朱岩
杜毅
张明远
付启桐
许增金
范雨松
曹丽娜
阴晓光
栾敬钊
王浩淼
张葆刚
杨超
林雪松
李若斌
牛明珠
唐克
李海波
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Shenyang University of Technology
State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
    • F24D15/02—Other domestic- or space-heating systems consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1096—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for electric heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0056—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using solid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

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  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

A solid heat storage and transfer control method based on Fourier number consistency relates to the field of heat storage and transfer and heat release performance of a heat accumulator, and relates to a heat storage and transfer control method of a solid electric heating device. The invention provides a solid heat storage and transfer control method based on Fourier number consistency. The invention comprises the following steps: the heat storage rate (heat storage amount per unit time) of the heat storage body is:
Figure DDA0002067729730000011
Q1＝c×ρ×V(T2‑T1) In the formula T1The temperature in the heat storage device is measured at DEG C, and when the temperature of the heat storage body is stabilized at the set temperature, the temperature in the heat storage furnace body is equalized to the set temperature T2DEG C. The specific heat capacity c of the magnesium-iron brick is 1026J/(kg DEG C), and the density rho of the magnesium-iron brick is 2800kg/m3The volume of the heat accumulator in the solid heat accumulation device is V, and the heat accumulation amount of the whole heat accumulator is Q1。

Description

Solid heat storage and transfer control method based on Fourier number consistency
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heat storage and heat transfer and heat release performance of a heat accumulator, in particular to a heat storage and heat transfer control method of a solid electric heating device.
Background
At present, the electric energy is a relatively high-utilization energy source, has the advantages of convenient transmission, flexible use, no pollution to the environment and the like, has incomparable superiority in the utilization of the energy source, and particularly has obvious advantages in the aspects of heating and warming. The energy storage technology has very good wind power complementarity, and draws wide attention on improving the wind power grid-connected scale. A new peak regulation auxiliary service sharing mechanism with participation of electric energy storage is gradually established in China, the advantages of an electric energy storage technology in the aspect of electric power peak regulation are fully exerted, and the electric energy storage system can obtain due benefits according to application effects while obtaining auxiliary service identities participating in power grid peak regulation and the like. The operation of the thermal power plant adopts a mode of 'fixing power with heat', if energy storage equipment is not added, the thermal power plant determines the generated energy according to the heat supply amount, after energy storage facilities are added, the power plant can store the electric energy into heat energy under the condition of not reducing the load, and the heat energy is supplied to a heat supply network as the heat energy in other time intervals, so that the conversion of the electric energy is realized. It is one of the important ways to improve the energy utilization rate, so the solid heat storage and heating has wide application prospect.
The development of energy storage technology has been accompanied by problems in the development of the power industry. At present, the research of experts and scholars at home and abroad on the structure of the heat accumulator mainly focuses on the influence of the heat accumulation and release characteristics and the heat transfer performance of the heat accumulator, including the factors such as the arrangement mode of the heat accumulator, the pipe diameter of the heat accumulator and the like.
The solid electric heat storage and new energy consumption technology which is published by Chinese water conservancy and hydropower publishing house in 2018, 12 months and is authored by Kuvich spring, Chenchenxia, Zhujian Xin and the like relates to a solid electric heat storage device, and as shown in figure 1, the main body of the solid electric heat storage device is a heat accumulator; the heat exchanger, the centrifugal fan and the like form accessory equipment of the device.
The solid heat storage device adopts a resistance heating mode, converts electric energy into heat energy, transfers and stores the heat energy into a heat storage material in a radiation heat exchange and convection heat exchange mode, heats air in a convection heat exchange mode when the heat energy needs to be utilized, and supplies the heat energy to a heating system by the air flowing through a steam-water heat exchanger.
The solid heat storage system is composed of the following system units: the heat storage body, the heating system, the heat exchange system, the wind circulation control system, the external heat exchange auxiliary circulation system and the like.
The heat storage circulating system is composed of a heat storage structure body (comprising a heat storage module and an embedded heating wire), a heat exchange circulating system (comprising a heat exchanger and a variable frequency fan), a heat preservation shell, an external control and the like.
The heat-insulating layer of the device is composed of ceramic fiber felt, rock wool and the like, and heat is stored in the heat accumulator, namely heat accumulation.
When heat release is needed, air in the device can circularly flow along the ventilation holes in the heat storage body through the centrifugal induced draft fan, and the heat enters the circulating water system to be supplied to a heat user for use. The control of the temperature of the circulating water is realized by adjusting the working state of the centrifugal draught fan.
The invention provides a solid heat storage and heat transfer control method based on Fourier number consistency aiming at the heat storage device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the problems and provides a solid heat storage and transfer control method based on Fourier number consistency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme, and the invention comprises the following steps:
the heat storage rate (heat storage amount per unit time) of the heat storage body is:
Figure BDA0002067729710000021
Q1＝c×ρ×V(T2-T1)
in the formula T1The temperature in the heat storage device is measured at DEG C, and when the temperature of the heat storage body is stabilized at the set temperature, the temperature in the heat storage furnace body is equalized to the set temperature T2DEG C. The specific heat capacity c of the magnesium-iron brick is 1026J/(kg DEG C), and the density rho of the magnesium-iron brick is 2800kg/m3The volume of the heat accumulator in the solid heat accumulation device is V, and the heat accumulation amount of the whole heat accumulator is Q1
The heat release rate (stored heat amount per unit time) of the heat storage body was:
Figure BDA0002067729710000031
heat release per unit area of the heat storage body:
Figure BDA0002067729710000032
the heat release quantity to the single-layer furnace wall is as follows:
Figure BDA0002067729710000033
in the formula: q is heat dissipation per unit area of the heat accumulator, kJ; Δ T-temperature difference between the hot face and the surface of the regenerator, deg.C; k-thermal conductivity of the material, W/m · C; δ — thickness of material;
fourier number is the ratio of heat release rate to heat storage rate, i.e.
Figure BDA0002067729710000034
Dimensionless time.
When a temperature difference occurs inside the object, heat is transferred from the portion with the higher temperature to the portion with the lower temperature; when objects of different temperatures are in contact with each other, heat is transferred from the object of high temperature to the object of low temperature. Thermal conduction follows fourier law:
q"＝-k(dT/dx)
in the formula: q' is the heat flow density, W/m2(ii) a k is the thermal conductivity, W/(m.cndot.).
Preferably, the heat transfer method is calculated by adopting a direct flow-solid coupling mode for air flow (a hot air-cold air process shown in figure 1) and a heat accumulator area. And converting the convection heat transfer condition on the flow-solid interface into the internal boundary of the system, and coupling the solid heat transfer with the fluid heat transfer to obtain a fluid flow field and a solid and fluid temperature field.
The invention has the beneficial effects.
The solid heat storage and transfer control method based on Fourier number consistency has consistency of the ratio of the heat release rate to the heat storage rate and the Fourier number, and can determine that
Figure BDA0002067729710000035
The heat storage amount is limited, and parameters of the heat storage body are set; the design efficiency and accuracy of the heat accumulator are obviously improved.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description. The scope of the invention is not limited to the following expressions.
FIG. 1 is a thermal mass structure.
FIG. 2 is a thermal mass temperature field.
FIG. 3 regenerator internal flow field.
Detailed Description
As shown in the figure, the heat user heats through the hot water in the heat exchanger, thereby realizing the purpose of heating by using the off-peak power in whole part or most.
The experiment was performed on a 1000kWh solid thermal storage unit. The device consists of four parts of heat storage, heat exchange, a circulating system, heating control and the like. The heating wire is used as a heat source, the magnesium oxide heat storage material is used, and air is used as a heat transfer fluid. In the experiment, firstly, the power supply of the heating wire is switched on, the preset temperature is adjusted, and the device is heated. When the device is electrified, the heating wires in the ventilation holes start to transfer heat to the heat storage brick bodies, and when the heat storage bodies reach the set temperature, the temperature sensors (placed in the longitudinal tiny holes of the heat storage bodies) transfer signals to the control system, and the control device of the control system stops heating. During the heating process, temperature data were read every 10 min. When the temperature in the device reaches 1000K, the heating is stopped, and the speed is controlled by a temperature control instrument in the whole heating process. The experimental data of the solid heat storage device are sorted, summarized and calculated, the average value of the temperature of each measuring point in the measuring time period is obtained through calculation, and the average value is compared with the average temperature of the heat storage body in numerical simulation.
The key to the calculation of fluid-solid coupling heat transfer is to realize the heat transfer between the fluid and the solid or the boundary wall surface. As can be seen from the conservation of energy, at the fluid-solid coupling interface, the amount of heat absorbed by the solid should be equal to the amount of heat lost by the fluid.
Tf＝Ts
Figure BDA0002067729710000041
In the formula, TfAnd kfFluid temperature and thermal conductivity, respectively; t issAnd ksSolid temperature and thermal conductivity, respectively; q. q.sfAnd q issThe heat flux densities of the fluid side and the solid side on the fluid-solid interface, respectively; n is the normal vector of the flow-solid interface.
The boundary conditions described above include values of flow variables and thermal variables at the boundary. During heat storage: the total power of the electric heating wire is 250kW, and the absorption coefficient of the electric heating wire is 0.7. To prevent overheating of the electrical heater wire, air was introduced into the regenerator, the inlet was a velocity inlet, the air inlet velocity was 0.01m/s, and the temperature was determined from a field data fitting function. The interface of the fluid region and the solid region is set as a coupling interface. The fluid outlet is a pressure outlet, and the wall surface is a thermal insulation non-slip boundary condition. The time step is 10 and the total heating time is 24000 s.
And applying the material characteristics and boundary conditions of each part of the fluid-solid coupling system to a numerical simulation model, and calculating the temperature field and the flow field of the fluid-solid coupling system of the solid electric heat storage device under the heat storage working condition after convergence.
The solid heat storage device is subjected to simulation calculation by using a fluid-solid coupling heat transfer model, according to the calculation result, three heat storage body structures with the pore ratios of 15%, 20% and 25% are designed preliminarily (the pore ratio refers to the ratio of the area of a hole to the area of a solid in the cross section of the heat storage body, in one cross section, the area of the hole is multiplied by the number of the holes, and the hole ratio is obtained by dividing the area of the solid in the cross section), and then the optimal design and analysis are carried out. Comparing and analyzing the average temperature of the heat accumulator and the temperature of the heating wire under the heat accumulation working conditions of the heat accumulators with three pore ratios; through the comparative analysis of the average temperature of the heat accumulators under the heat release working conditions of the heat accumulators with three pore ratios, the structure with the pore ratio of 20 percent is optimal under the comprehensive heat accumulation and heat release working conditions.
The pore ratio and the heat storage amount have a corresponding relation, and the heat storage amount is determined according to the solid heat storage heat transfer optimization design method with the Fourier number consistency, so that the optimal pore ratio is determined.
As shown in figure 1, vertical bricks are arranged on two sides of the upper and lower horizontal bricks, and a hole is arranged between the two vertical bricks.
The brick size can be 230mm x 115mm x 50mm (length x width x height), the heat accumulator capacity is 1000kWh, and the power is 250 kW. The overall size of the heat storage body may be 1500mm × 2080mm × 3250mm (length × width × height), and the overall size of the heat storage device may be 3500mm × 2300mm × 1500mm (length × width × height). The pore ratio (the ratio of the area of a hole to the area of a solid body in the cross section of the heat accumulator) of the heat accumulator is 15 percent, the number of holes is 72, the cross section area of a single hole is 130mm multiplied by 40mm, and the number of heating wires is 36.
Void ratio (%) Number of holes Size of heat accumulator (mm) Pore size (mm)
15 72 1500×2080×3250 130×40×3250
20 72 1500×2080×3250 130×60×3250
25 72 1630×2080×3250 210×40×3250
It should be understood that the detailed description of the present invention is only for illustrating the present invention and is not limited by the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can be modified or substituted equally to achieve the same technical effects; as long as the use requirements are met, the method is within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. The solid heat storage and heat transfer control method based on Fourier number consistency is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the heat storage rate (heat storage amount per unit time) of the heat storage body is:
Figure FDA0002999630440000011
Q1＝c×ρ×V(T2-T1)
in the formula T1The temperature in the heat storage device is measured at DEG C, and when the temperature of the heat storage body is stabilized at the set temperature, the temperature in the heat storage furnace body is equalized to the set temperature T2DEG C; the specific heat capacity c of the heat accumulator is 1026J/(kg DEG C), and the density rho of the heat accumulator is 2800kg/m3The volume of the heat accumulator in the solid heat accumulation device is V, and the heat accumulation amount of the whole heat accumulator is Q1
The heat release rate (stored heat amount per unit time) of the heat storage body was:
Figure FDA0002999630440000012
heat accumulatorHeat release per unit area:
Figure FDA0002999630440000013
the heat release quantity to the single-layer furnace wall is as follows:
Figure FDA0002999630440000014
in the formula: q is heat dissipation per unit area of the heat accumulator, kJ; Δ T-temperature difference between the hot face and the surface of the regenerator, deg.C; k-thermal conductivity of the material, W/m · C; δ — thickness of material;
fourier number is the ratio of heat release rate to heat storage rate, i.e.
Figure FDA0002999630440000015
Dimensionless time;
when a temperature difference occurs inside the object, heat is transferred from the portion with the higher temperature to the portion with the lower temperature; when objects with different temperatures are contacted with each other, heat is transferred from the high-temperature object to the low-temperature object; the thermal conduction follows the fourier law:
q"＝-k(dT/dx)
in the formula: q' is the heat flow density, W/m2(ii) a k is the thermal conductivity, W/(m.DEG C);
the heat conduction method is characterized in that a direct flow-solid coupling mode is adopted for an air flow and a heat accumulator region; converting the convection heat transfer condition on a fluid-solid interface into an internal boundary of the system, and coupling solid heat transfer with fluid heat transfer to obtain a fluid flow field and a solid and fluid temperature field;
the ratio of the heat release rate to the heat accumulation rate, and the Fourier number are consistent, and the determination is made
Figure FDA0002999630440000021
Limiting the heat storage amount, and setting parameters of a heat accumulator;
the heat user heats through the hot water in the heat exchanger;
a 1000kWh solid thermal storage device; the device consists of four parts, namely a heat storage part, a heat exchange part, a circulating system and a heating control part; the heating wire is used as a heat source, the magnesium oxide is used as a heat accumulator, and air is used as a heat transfer fluid; firstly, switching on a power supply of a heating wire, adjusting a preset temperature, and starting to heat the device; when the device is electrified, the heating wires in the ventilation holes start to transfer heat to the heat accumulator, and when the heat accumulator reaches a set temperature, the temperature sensor transmits a signal to the control system, and the control device of the control system stops heating; reading temperature data every 10min in the heating process; when the temperature in the device reaches 1000K, stopping heating, and controlling the speed by a temperature control instrument in the whole heating process; the experimental data of the solid heat storage device are sorted, summarized and calculated, the average value of the temperature of each measuring point in the measuring time period is obtained through calculation, and the average value is compared with the average temperature of the heat storage body in numerical simulation;
the key of fluid-solid coupling heat transfer calculation is to realize heat transfer between fluid and solid or a boundary wall surface; according to the energy conservation, at the fluid-solid coupling interface, the heat absorbed by the solid is equal to the heat lost by the fluid;
Tf＝Ts
Figure FDA0002999630440000022
in the formula, TfAnd kfFluid temperature and thermal conductivity, respectively; t issAnd ksSolid temperature and thermal conductivity, respectively; q. q.sfAnd q issThe heat flux densities of the fluid side and the solid side on the fluid-solid interface, respectively; n is a normal vector of a flow-solid interface;
the boundary condition includes values of the flow variable and the thermal variable at the boundary; during heat storage: the total power of the electric heating wire is 250kW, and the absorption coefficient is 0.7; in order to prevent the electric heating wire from being overheated, air is introduced into the heat accumulator, the inlet is a speed inlet, and the speed of the air inlet is higher than that of the heat accumulator
The temperature is 0.01m/s, and is determined according to a field data fitting function; the interface of the fluid region and the solid region is set as a coupling interface; the fluid outlet is set as a pressure outlet, and the wall surface is set as an adiabatic non-slip boundary condition; the time step is 10, and the total heating time is 24000 s;
applying the material characteristics and boundary conditions of each part of the fluid-solid coupling system to a numerical simulation model, and calculating the temperature field and the flow field of the fluid-solid coupling system of the solid electric heat storage device under the heat storage working condition after convergence;
performing simulation calculation on the solid heat storage device by using a fluid-solid coupled heat transfer model, and performing optimal design and analysis on three heat accumulator structures with the pore ratios of 15%, 20% and 25% respectively according to the calculation result; comparing and analyzing the average temperature of the heat accumulator and the temperature of the heating wire under the heat accumulation working conditions of the heat accumulators with three pore ratios; by comparing and analyzing the average temperature of the heat accumulators under the heat release working conditions of the heat accumulators with three pore ratios, the heat accumulation and heat release working conditions are integrated, and the structure with the pore ratio of 20% is optimal;
the pore ratio and the heat storage amount have a corresponding relation, and the heat storage amount is determined according to a solid heat storage and heat transfer optimization design method with Fourier number consistency, so that the optimal pore ratio is determined;
vertical bricks are arranged on two sides of the upper and lower transverse bricks, and a hole is formed between the two vertical bricks;
the size of the brick is 230mm multiplied by 115mm multiplied by 50mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), the capacity of the heat accumulator is 1000kWh, and the power is 250 kW; the overall size of the heat accumulator is 1500mm multiplied by 2080mm multiplied by 3250mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), and the overall size of the heat storage device is 3500mm multiplied by 2300mm multiplied by 1500mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height); the heat accumulator has the porosity ratio of 15 percent, the number of holes is 72, the sectional area of a single hole is 130mm multiplied by 40mm, and the number of heating wires is 36;
void ratio (%) Number of holes Heat accumulationBody size (mm) Pore size (mm) 15 72 1500×2080×3250 130×40×3250 20 72 1500×2080×3250 130×60×3250 25 72 1630×2080×3250 210×40×3250
The heat accumulator structure shell is internally provided with a heat accumulator, a heating wire is arranged on the heat accumulator, a brick is arranged at the lower end of the heat accumulator, a hole is formed in the brick, the lower end of the heat exchanger is connected with an air inlet of a circulating fan, the air outlet of the circulating fan is communicated with the inside of the lower end of the shell, the upper end of the heat exchanger is a hot air inlet and is communicated with the inside of the upper end of the shell, a transverse water outlet pipe is arranged on the upper portion of the heat exchanger, and a transverse water inlet pipe is arranged on the lower portion of the heat exchanger.
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