JP6709549B2 - T細胞の機能増強方法 - Google Patents
T細胞の機能増強方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
[1]T細胞のProgrammed Death−1 Ligand 1(PD−L1)及び/又はProgrammed Death−1 1igand 2(PD−L2)の発現を抑制することを特徴とするT細胞の機能増強方法、
[2]T細胞が細胞障害性T細胞又は調節性T細胞である[1]記載のT細胞の機能増強方法、
[3]調節性T細胞がヘルパーT細胞、制御性T細胞又はTh17細胞である[2]記載のT細胞の機能増強方法、
[4]機能増強がT細胞インターフェロン−γ(IFN−γ)産生増強である[1]記載のT細胞の機能増強方法、
[5]PD−L1及び/又はPD−L2に対するsiRNAにより、PD−L1及び/又はPD−L2の発現を抑制する[1]記載のT細胞の機能増強方法、
[6]PD−L1及び/又はPD−L2の発現が抑制された機能増強T細胞、
[7]T細胞が細胞障害性T細胞又は調節性T細胞である[6]記載の機能増強T細胞、
[8]調節性T細胞がヘルパーT細胞、制御性T細胞又はTh17細胞である[7]記載の機能増強T細胞、
[9]機能増強がT細胞インターフェロン−γ(IFN−γ)産生増強である[6]記載の機能増強T細胞、
[10]PD−L1及び/又はPD−L2に対するsiRNAにより、PD−L1及び/又はPD−L2の発現が抑制された[6]記載の機能増強T細胞、ならびに
[11][6]〜[10]いずれか記載の機能増強T細胞を有効成分として含有する、前記T細胞に感受性を示す疾患の治療剤、
に関する。
本発明のT細胞の機能増強方法は、T細胞のPD−L1及び/又はPD−L2の発現を抑制する工程を含むことを特徴とする方法である。また、本発明の機能増強T細胞は、本発明のT細胞の機能増強方法により得られる細胞である。本発明のT細胞の機能増強方法により、T細胞の増殖率の向上、サイトカイン産生量の増加又は細胞傷害性の向上を含むT細胞のエフェクター機能が向上する。更に、アネルギー状態、休止状態などのT細胞の抑制状態を解除又は抑制し、外部の刺激に対するT細胞の感受性を向上させる。こうして得られる本発明の機能増強T細胞は、がん、感染疾患又は自己免疫疾患の治療又は予防に有用である。
本発明の治療方法又は予防方法は、前記(1)の本発明の機能増強方法により調製されたT細胞を生体に投与することを特徴とする。すなわち本発明の治療方法又は予防方法は、(c)工程(b)で得られた機能増強T細胞を生体に投与する工程、を包含する。本発明の機能増強T細胞が投与される疾患としては、当該T細胞に感受性を示す疾患であればよく、特に限定はないが、例えば、がん(白血病、固形腫瘍など)、肝炎、インフルエンザ、HIVなどのウイルス、細菌、真菌が原因となる感染性疾患、例えば結核、MRSA、VRE、深在性真菌症などが例示される。また、本発明の細胞は、骨髄移植又は放射線照射後の感染症予防、あるいは再発白血病の寛解を目的としたドナーリンパ球輸注などにも利用できる。又、制御性T細胞の機能を向上させ自己免疫疾患の予防又は治療に利用できる。
(3)本発明の機能増強T細胞を含有する疾患の治療剤
前記(1)の本発明の機能増強方法により調製された機能増強T細胞、ならびに当該T細胞を有効成分として含有する組成物は、当該T細胞に感受性を有する疾患、例えば前記のがん、肝炎又は感染性疾患の治療剤として有用である。
本発明の治療剤は製薬分野で公知の方法に従い、例えば、本発明の方法により調製されたT細胞を有効成分として、例えば公知の非経口投与に適した有機又は無機の担体、賦形剤、安定剤等と混合することにより調製できる。また、その使用は前記(2)の本発明の治療方法に準じればよい。
国際公開第2007/032255号パンフレットに従い、HLA−A24拘束性MAGE−A4143−151特異的な細胞傷害性CD8陽性T細胞クローン2−28(Miyahara Y 他13名 クリニカル キャンサー リサーチ(Clin. Cancer Res.)、第11巻、第5581−5589頁(2005)以下、CD8陽性T細胞クローン2−28と呼ぶ)とMAGE−A4143−151ペプチドとを調製した。CD8陽性T細胞クローン2−28を、80GlyのX線を照射した自己リンパ芽球様細胞株(lymphoblastoid cell line:LCL)にMAGE−A4143−151ペプチドをパルスしたものを、37℃で共培養し、0日、1日後、2日後及び3日後の細胞表面のPD−L1を、抗ヒトPD−L1抗体(BD bioscience社製)にて染色を行いフローサイトメーターで解析した。図1にフローサイトメーターによる解析結果を示す。培養1日後においてPD−L1の発現は最も高かった。
配列番号1記載の配列を有するPD−L1に特異的なsiRNA、配列番号2記載の配列を有するPD−L2に特異的なsiRNA、もしくはネガティブコントロールsiRNA(いずれもInvitrogen社製)を、CD8陽性T細胞クローン2−28にエレクトロポレーションにより導入した。
ネガティブコントロールsiRNA、配列番号3記載の配列を有するPD−1に特異的なsiRNA(Invitrogen社製)、配列番号1記載の配列を有するPD−L1に特異的なsiRNA、又は配列番号2記載の配列を有するPD−L2に特異的なsiRNAを、CD8陽性T細胞クローン2−28にエレクトロポレーションにより導入した。3日間培養した後、この細胞を自己LCLにMAGE−A4143−151ペプチドをパルスしたものと、4:1もしくは2:1の割合で混合して37℃で共培養し、翌日、各培養上清中のIFN−γ濃度をELISA法で測定した。
ネガティブコントロールsiRNA、配列番号3記載の配列を有するPD−1に特異的なsiRNA、配列番号1記載の配列を有するPD−L1に特異的なsiRNA、又は配列番号2記載の配列を有するPD−L1に特異的なsiRNAを、MAGE−A446−66特異的なCD4陽性T細胞クローン5にエレクトロポレーションにより導入し、3日間培養した。この細胞を自己LCLにMAGE−A446−66ペプチドをパルスしたものと、2:1で混合して37℃で培養し、翌日、各培養上清中のIFN−γ濃度をELISA法で測定した。
LCLに配列番号8、9記載の配列を有するPD−L1に特異的なsiRNA(sh831、sh832)、もしくは配列番号10、11記載の配列を有するPD−L2に特異的なsiRNA(sh833、sh834)(いずれもタカラバイオ社製)、もしくは実施例2で使用したネガティブコントロールsiRNAをエレクトロポレーションにより導入し、37℃で2日培養したのち、それぞれの細胞からトータルRNAを抽出して、QuanTitect SYBR PCR Kit(キアゲン社製)を用いてリアルタイムRT−PCRでPD−L1とPD−L2の発現を測定し、発現抑制力の強いsiRNAを選択した。
配列番号12、13にPD−L1の発現測定に使用したリアルタイムRT−PCR用プライマー配列を、配列番号14、15にPD−L2の発現測定に使用したリアルタイムRT−PCR用プライマー配列を、配列番号16、17に発現測定の対象としたヒトGAPDH(グリセルアルデヒド3リン酸脱水素酵素)のリアルタイムRT−PCR用プライマー配列をそれぞれ示す。
図6にPD−L1のリアルタイムRT−PCRの結果を、図7にPD−L2のリアルタイムRT−PCRの結果を示す。図中、縦軸はヒトGAPDHの発現に対するPD−L1、PD−L2の発現比率を示す。この結果より、PD−L1に特異的なsiRNAとして配列番号9に示すsh832、PD−L2に特異的なsiRNAとして配列番号11に示すsh834を選択した。
国際公開第2008/153029号パンフレットに従い、pMS−Ma2及びpMS−Pb2を作製した。これらのベクターはMSCV(Murine Stem Cell Virus)をベースとするレトロウイルスベクターシステムを含む。更に、それぞれ腫瘍抗原MAGE−A4を認識するTCRのα鎖及びβ鎖をコードする遺伝子を含み、これらの遺伝子は後述するTCRに対するsiRNAによるRNA干渉により発現が抑制されないようにコドンを変換している(以下、コドンを変換したものをコドン変換型と呼ぶ)。
実施例6で作製したpMS−Ma2から、MluI及びBglIIによりコドン変換型TCRα遺伝子を切り出し、TCRα−MluI/BglIIを調製した。配列番号4に示すsiRNAクラスター、PDL1−PDL2−TCRα−TCRβ人工合成遺伝子をBglII及びNotIで消化し、TCRα−MluI/BglIIと共に、pMS−Pb2のMluI−NotIサイトにクローニングすることにより、MS−aPb1−siPDL_1/2_siTCRベクター(ベクター1)を調製した。ベクター1は、コドン変換型TCRを発現し、配列番号9、11、18及び19に示すPD−L1、PD−L2、TCRα及びTCRβに対するsiRNAを発現することができる。このうち、TCRα及びTCRβに対するsiRNAは、内在性の野生型TCRの発現を抑制し、コドン変換型TCRの発現は抑制しない。
実施例7で調製したベクター1〜4により大腸菌JM109を形質転換し、プラスミドDNAをQIAGEN Plasmid Midi Kit(キアゲン社製)を用いて精製し、トランスフェクション用DNAとして供した。
レトロネクチン(登録商標、タカラバイオ社製)を用いて取扱説明書に従って、ヒト末梢血より分離した末梢血単核球(PBMC)に、実施例8で作製したレトロウイルス溶液を2回感染させ、コドン変換型TCR及びsiRNA共発現導入末梢血単核球を作製した。2回目ウイルス感染3日後に細胞を回収し、FastPure DNA Kit (タカラバイオ)によりゲノムを抽出し、Proviral Copy Number Detection Primer Set (タカラバイオ社製)及びCycleavePCR Core Kit (タカラバイオ社製)にて各細胞ゲノム中の平均プロウイルスコピー数を算出した。ベクター1〜4を含むウイルス溶液を感染させたPBMCのプロウイルスコピー数は、それぞれ4.6copies/cell、2.2copies/cell、3.2copies/cell、4.5copies/cellであった。次に、2回目のウイルス感染の5日後に細胞を回収し、HLA−A2402 MAGE−A4 テトラマー−PE(MBL社製)及びHuman CD8−FITC CONJUGATE(ベクトン・ディッキンソン社製)により染色し、フローサイトメーターによりCD8陽性であって、かつテトラマー陽性である細胞の割合を測定した。
SEQ ID NO:2: siRNA specific for PD-L2
SEQ ID NO:3: siRNA specific for PD-1
SEQ ID NO:4:siRNA cluster PDL1-PDL2-TCR alpha-TCR beta
SEQ ID NO:5:siRNA cluster PDL1-PDL2
SEQ ID NO:6:siRNA cluster PDL1
SEQ ID NO:7:siRNA cluster PDL2
SEQ ID NO:8:siRNA for PD-L1 (sh831)
SEQ ID NO:9:siRNA for PD-L1 (sh832)
SEQ ID NO:10:siRNA for PD-L2 (sh833)
SEQ ID NO:11:siRNA for PD-L2 (sh834)
SEQ ID NO:12:real time PCR F-primer for PD-L1
SEQ ID NO:13:real time PCR R-primer for PD-L1
SEQ ID NO:14:real time PCR F-primer for PD-L2
SEQ ID NO:15:real time PCR R-primer for PD-L2
SEQ ID NO:16:real time PCR F-primer for GAPDH
SEQ ID NO:17:real time PCR R-primer for GAPDH
SEQ ID NO:18:siRNA for TCR alpha
SEQ ID NO:19:siRNA for TCR beta
Claims (8)
- Programmed Death−1 Ligand 1(PD−L1)又はProgrammed Death−1 Ligand 2(PD−L2)に対するsiRNAによりPD−L1又はPD−L2の発現が抑制され、さらに所望の抗原を認識するTCRをコードする遺伝子を含むT細胞を含有する治療剤。
- T細胞が細胞障害性T細胞又は調節性T細胞である請求項1記載の治療剤。
- 調節性T細胞がヘルパーT細胞、制御性T細胞又はTh17細胞である請求項2記載の治療剤。
- がん、感染疾患又は自己免疫疾患の治療剤である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の治療剤。
- 以下の工程を含有する治療剤の調製方法。
(a) 生体から分離されたT細胞を含む細胞集団を準備する工程、
(b) (a)の細胞集団にPD−L1又はPD−L2に対するsiRNAを直接導入する工程、又は当該siRNAを転写する核酸構築物を導入する工程、
(c) (a)の細胞集団に所望の抗原を認識するTCRをコードする遺伝子を導入する工程、及び
(d) (b)又は(c)で得られた細胞集団を培養又は刺激して治療剤とする工程。
- PD−L1又はPD−L2に対するsiRNAを転写する核酸構築物と、所望の抗原を認識するTCRをコードする遺伝子が同じベクターにより導入される、請求項5項記載の方法。
- 工程(d)の培養又は刺激が、所望の抗原の存在下で実施される、請求項5または6項記載の方法。
- 所望の抗原が抗原提示細胞に提示される、請求項7項記載の方法。
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