JP6698872B2 - 冷却/凝縮による燃料電池のアノード排気からの二酸化炭素除去 - Google Patents
冷却/凝縮による燃料電池のアノード排気からの二酸化炭素除去 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6698872B2 JP6698872B2 JP2018554735A JP2018554735A JP6698872B2 JP 6698872 B2 JP6698872 B2 JP 6698872B2 JP 2018554735 A JP2018554735 A JP 2018554735A JP 2018554735 A JP2018554735 A JP 2018554735A JP 6698872 B2 JP6698872 B2 JP 6698872B2
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon dioxide
- anode exhaust
- heat exchanger
- feed
- gas
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 182
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 91
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims description 90
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 24
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013515 script Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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Description
本出願は、参照によってその開示全体が本願に組み込まれる、2016年4月21日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/325,719号の利益およびこれに対する優先権を主張するものである。
本開示は、燃料電池に関する。特に本開示は、冷却/凝縮によって燃料電池のアノード排気から二酸化炭素を除去するためのシステムおよび方法に関する。
カソードとアノードとの間に設けられた電解質マトリックスを備える燃料電池と、水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を生成するためにアノード排出ガスから二酸化炭素を除去するためのシステムと、アノード排出ガスから水素または合成ガスを精製するために、水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気から二酸化炭素および他の不純物を分離するように構成された圧力スイング吸着システムとを含む。システムは、加圧アノード排出蒸気を第1の所定の温度まで冷却し、アノード排出蒸気内の二酸化炭素を部分的に凝縮するように構成された供給物/排出物熱交換器と、供給物/排出物熱交換器の出力を受け取り、不凝縮アノード排出蒸気から液体二酸化炭素を分離するように構成された第1の気液分離器と、第1の気液分離器から不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を受け取り、不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を第2の所定の温度まで冷却し、不凝縮アノード排出蒸気内の更なる二酸化炭素を凝縮するように構成された供給物/冷媒熱交換器と、供給物/冷媒熱交換器の出力を受け取り、液体二酸化炭素を分離して水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を生成するように構成された第2の気液分離器とを含む。
Claims (12)
- 加圧アノード排出蒸気を生成するために圧縮されたアノード排出ガスから二酸化炭素を除去するためのシステムであって、
前記アノード排出蒸気を第1の所定の温度まで冷却し、前記加圧アノード排出蒸気内の二酸化炭素を部分的に凝縮するように構成された供給物/排出物熱交換器と、
前記供給物/排出物熱交換器の出力を受け取り、不凝縮アノード排出蒸気から液体二酸化炭素を分離するように構成された第1の気液分離器と、
前記第1の気液分離器から前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を受け取り、前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を第2の所定の温度まで冷却し、前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気内の更なる二酸化炭素を凝縮するように構成された供給物/冷媒熱交換器と、
前記供給物/冷媒熱交換器の出力を受け取り、液体二酸化炭素を分離して水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を生成するように構成された第2の気液分離器と、
前記第1の気液分離器によって分離された前記液体二酸化炭素と、前記第2の気液分離器によって分離された前記液体二酸化炭素とを受け取り混合するように構成されたミクサと、
前記ミクサからの合計液体二酸化炭素を受け取るように構成された減圧弁であって、前記合計液体二酸化炭素は、前記第1の気液分離器によって分離された前記液体二酸化炭素および前記第2の気液分離器によって分離された前記液体二酸化炭素を備える、減圧弁と、を備え、
前記減圧弁は、前記合計液体二酸化炭素の圧力を第1の圧力から前記第1の圧力よりも低い第2の圧力まで低減するように更に構成され、
前記第2の圧力を有する前記合計液体二酸化炭素は、前記供給物/排出物熱交換器へ供給され、前記供給物/排出物熱交換器において冷却媒体として使用される、システム。 - 前記供給物/排出物熱交換器において前記冷却媒体として使用された後、前記合計液体二酸化炭素は、再加熱二酸化炭素流として前記供給物/排出物熱交換器から出力され、前記再加熱二酸化炭素流は更に加熱され、電力または機械エネルギのいずれかとして追加のエネルギを回収するためにエキスパンダへ送られる、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記供給物/冷媒熱交換器は、前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を前記第2の所定の温度まで冷却し、外部冷凍を用いて前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気内の二酸化炭素を凝縮する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記供給物/排出物熱交換器の上流で前記アノード排出蒸気を生成するために前記アノード排出ガスを圧縮するように構成されたシフトユニットまたは水分凝縮ユニットを更に備え、および/または
前記アノード排出蒸気は、前記供給物/排出物熱交換器の入口において200〜400psigの圧力を有する、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記アノード排出蒸気から分離された前記二酸化炭素の一部を受け取り、前記アノード排出蒸気から分離された前記二酸化炭素の前記一部を隔離または他の使用のために搬出するように構成された流路を更に備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- カソード、アノード、および前記カソードと前記アノードとの間に設けられた電解質マトリックスを備える燃料電池と、
水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を生成するためにアノード排出ガスから二酸化炭素を除去するための請求項1に記載のシステムと、
前記アノード排出ガスから水素または合成ガスを精製するために、前記水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気から二酸化炭素および他の不純物を分離するように構成された圧力スイング吸着システムと
を備える燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1ないし5のいずれか一項に記載のシステムを使用してアノード排出ガスから二酸化炭素を除去する方法であって、
アノード排出蒸気を生成するために前記アノード排出ガスを圧縮することと、
前記供給物/排出物熱交換器において、前記アノード排出蒸気を前記第1の所定の温度まで冷却し、前記アノード排出蒸気内の二酸化炭素を部分的に凝縮することと、
前記第1の気液分離器において、前記供給物/排出物熱交換器の前記出力を受け取ることと、
前記第1の気液分離器において、不凝縮アノード排出蒸気から液体二酸化炭素を分離することと、
前記供給物/冷媒熱交換器において、前記第1の気液分離器からの前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を受け取ることと、
前記供給物/冷媒熱交換器において、前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を前記第2の所定の温度まで冷却し、前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気内の二酸化炭素を凝縮することと、
前記第2の気液分離器において、前記供給物/冷媒熱交換器の前記出力を受け取ることと、
前記第2の気液分離器において、前記供給物/冷媒熱交換器の前記出力から液体二酸化炭素を分離し、水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を生成することと、
前記第1の気液分離器によって分離された前記液体二酸化炭素と、前記第2の気液分離器によって分離された前記液体二酸化炭素とを受け取り混合して、合計液体二酸化炭素を生成することと、
前記合計液体二酸化炭素を減圧弁を通過させることによって、前記合計液体二酸化炭素の圧力を第1の圧力から前記第1の圧力よりも低い第2の圧力まで低減することと、
前記第2の圧力を有する前記合計液体二酸化炭素を、前記供給物/排出物熱交換器へ供給することと、
前記合計液体二酸化炭素を用いて前記供給物/排出物熱交換器を冷却することと、
を備える方法。 - 前記冷却するステップは、再加熱二酸化炭素流が前記供給物/排出物熱交換器から出力されるように前記合計液体二酸化炭素を再加熱し、
前記再加熱二酸化炭素流を更に加熱することと、
エキスパンダを用いて前記更に加熱された再加熱二酸化炭素流から追加のエネルギを回収することと
を更に備える、請求項7に記載の方法。 - 前記第1の圧力は200〜400psigであり、前記第2の圧力は65〜100psigである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記アノード排出蒸気を生成するために前記アノード排出ガスを圧縮するステップは、前記アノード排出ガスを200〜400psigの圧力に圧縮することを備える、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記供給物/冷媒熱交換器において前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を前記第2の所定の温度まで冷却し、前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気内の二酸化炭素を凝縮するステップは、外部冷凍を用いて実行される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気から二酸化炭素および他の不純物を分離することによって前記水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を精製することを更に備え、
前記水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を精製するステップは、前記第2の気液分離器から出力された前記水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を圧力スイング吸着システムへ供給することを備える、請求項7に記載の方法。
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