JP2019521468A - 冷却/凝縮による燃料電池のアノード排気からの二酸化炭素除去 - Google Patents
冷却/凝縮による燃料電池のアノード排気からの二酸化炭素除去 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、参照によってその開示全体が本願に組み込まれる、2016年4月21日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/325,719号の利益およびこれに対する優先権を主張するものである。
本開示は、燃料電池に関する。特に本開示は、冷却/凝縮によって燃料電池のアノード排気から二酸化炭素を除去するためのシステムおよび方法に関する。
カソードとアノードとの間に設けられた電解質マトリックスを備える燃料電池と、水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を生成するためにアノード排出ガスから二酸化炭素を除去するためのシステムと、アノード排出ガスから水素または合成ガスを精製するために、水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気から二酸化炭素および他の不純物を分離するように構成された圧力スイング吸着システムとを含む。システムは、加圧アノード排出蒸気を第1の所定の温度まで冷却し、アノード排出蒸気内の二酸化炭素を部分的に凝縮するように構成された供給物/排出物熱交換器と、供給物/排出物熱交換器の出力を受け取り、不凝縮アノード排出蒸気から液体二酸化炭素を分離するように構成された第1の気液分離器と、第1の気液分離器から不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を受け取り、不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を第2の所定の温度まで冷却し、不凝縮アノード排出蒸気内の更なる二酸化炭素を凝縮するように構成された供給物/冷媒熱交換器と、供給物/冷媒熱交換器の出力を受け取り、液体二酸化炭素を分離して水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を生成するように構成された第2の気液分離器とを含む。
Claims (22)
- 加圧アノード排出蒸気を生成するために圧縮されたアノード排出ガスから二酸化炭素を除去するためのシステムであって、
前記アノード排出蒸気を第1の所定の温度まで冷却し、前記加圧アノード排出蒸気内の二酸化炭素を部分的に凝縮するように構成された供給物/排出物熱交換器と、
前記供給物/排出物熱交換器の出力を受け取り、不凝縮アノード排出蒸気から液体二酸化炭素を分離するように構成された第1の気液分離器と、
前記第1の気液分離器から前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を受け取り、前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を第2の所定の温度まで冷却し、前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気内の更なる二酸化炭素を凝縮するように構成された供給物/冷媒熱交換器と、
前記供給物/冷媒熱交換器の出力を受け取り、液体二酸化炭素を分離して水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を生成するように構成された第2の気液分離器と
を備えるシステム。 - 前記第1の気液分離器によって分離された前記液体二酸化炭素と、前記第2の気液分離器によって分離された前記液体二酸化炭素とを受け取り混合するように構成されたミクサを更に備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記ミクサからの合計液体二酸化炭素を受け取るように構成された減圧弁を更に備え、前記合計液体二酸化炭素は、前記第1の気液分離器によって分離された前記液体二酸化炭素および前記第2の気液分離器によって分離された前記液体二酸化炭素を備え、
前記減圧弁は、前記合計液体二酸化炭素の圧力を第1の圧力から前記第1の圧力よりも低い第2の圧力まで低減するように更に構成される、請求項2に記載のシステム。 - 前記第2の圧力を有する前記合計液体二酸化炭素は、前記供給物/排出物熱交換器へ供給され、前記供給物/排出物熱交換器において冷却媒体として使用される、請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 前記供給物/排出物熱交換器において前記冷却媒体として使用された後、前記合計液体二酸化炭素は、再加熱二酸化炭素流として前記供給物/排出物熱交換器から出力され、
前記再加熱二酸化炭素流は更に加熱され、電力または機械エネルギのいずれかとして追加のエネルギを回収するためにエキスパンダへ送られる、請求項4に記載のシステム。 - 前記第1の圧力は200〜400psigであり、前記第2の圧力は65〜100psigである、請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 前記アノード排出蒸気は、前記供給物/排出物熱交換器の入口において200〜400psigの圧力を有する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記供給物/冷媒熱交換器は、前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を前記第2の所定の温度まで冷却し、外部冷凍を用いて前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気内の二酸化炭素を凝縮する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の所定の温度は約−35°Fであり、前記第2の所定の温度は約−45°Fである、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記供給物/排出物熱交換器の上流で前記アノード排出蒸気を生成するために前記アノード排出ガスを圧縮するように構成されたシフトユニットまたは水分凝縮ユニットを更に備え、
前記アノード排出蒸気は、前記供給物/排出物熱交換器の入口において200〜400psigの圧力を有する、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記アノード排出蒸気から分離された前記二酸化炭素の一部を受け取り、前記アノード排出蒸気から分離された前記二酸化炭素の前記一部を隔離または他の使用のために搬出するように構成された流路を更に備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- カソード、アノード、および前記カソードと前記アノードとの間に設けられた電解質マトリックスを備える燃料電池と、
水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を生成するためにアノード排出ガスから二酸化炭素を除去するための請求項1に記載のシステムと、
前記アノード排出ガスから水素または合成ガスを精製するために、前記水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気から二酸化炭素および他の不純物を分離するように構成された圧力スイング吸着システムと
を備える燃料電池システム。 - アノード排出ガスから二酸化炭素を除去する方法であって、
アノード排出蒸気を生成するために前記アノード排出ガスを圧縮することと、
第1の熱交換器において、前記アノード排出蒸気を第1の所定の温度まで冷却し、前記アノード排出蒸気内の二酸化炭素を部分的に凝縮することと、
第1の気液分離器において、前記第1の熱交換器の出力を受け取ることと、
前記第1の気液分離器において、不凝縮アノード排出蒸気から液体二酸化炭素を分離することと、
第2の熱交換器において、前記第1の気液分離器からの前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を受け取ることと、
前記第2の熱交換器において、前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を第2の所定の温度まで冷却し、前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気内の二酸化炭素を凝縮することと、
第2の気液分離器において、前記第2の熱交換器の出力を受け取ることと、
前記第2の気液分離器において、前記第2の熱交換器の前記出力から液体二酸化炭素を分離し、水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を生成することと
を備える方法。 - 前記第1の気液分離器によって分離された前記液体二酸化炭素と、前記第2の気液分離器によって分離された前記液体二酸化炭素とを受け取り混合して、合計液体二酸化炭素を生成することと、
前記合計液体二酸化炭素を減圧弁を通過させることによって、前記合計液体二酸化炭素の圧力を第1の圧力から前記第1の圧力よりも低い第2の圧力まで低減することと
を更に備える、請求項13に記載の方法。 - 前記第2の圧力を有する前記合計液体二酸化炭素を、前記第1の熱交換器へ供給することと、
前記合計液体二酸化炭素を用いて前記第1の熱交換器を冷却することと
を更に備える、請求項14に記載の方法。 - 前記冷却するステップは、再加熱二酸化炭素流が前記第1の熱交換器から出力されるように前記合計液体二酸化炭素を再加熱し、
前記再加熱二酸化炭素流を更に加熱することと、
エキスパンダを用いて前記更に加熱された再加熱二酸化炭素流から追加のエネルギを回収することと
を更に備える、請求項15に記載の方法。 - 前記第1の圧力は200〜400psigであり、前記第2の圧力は65〜100psigである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記アノード排出蒸気を生成するために前記アノード排出ガスを圧縮するステップは、前記アノード排出ガスを200〜400psigの圧力に圧縮することを備える、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の熱交換器において前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を前記第2の所定の温度まで冷却し、前記不凝縮アノード排出蒸気内の二酸化炭素を凝縮するステップは、外部冷凍を用いて実行される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の所定の温度は約−35°Fであり、前記第2の所定の温度は約−45°Fである、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 二酸化炭素および他の不純物を分離することによって前記水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を精製することを更に備える、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を精製するステップは、前記第2の気液分離器から出力された前記水素が豊富な不凝縮アノード排出蒸気を圧力スイング吸着システムへ供給することを備える、請求項13に記載の方法。
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