JP6660397B2 - 複合材料の接着 - Google Patents
複合材料の接着 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6660397B2 JP6660397B2 JP2017543721A JP2017543721A JP6660397B2 JP 6660397 B2 JP6660397 B2 JP 6660397B2 JP 2017543721 A JP2017543721 A JP 2017543721A JP 2017543721 A JP2017543721 A JP 2017543721A JP 6660397 B2 JP6660397 B2 JP 6660397B2
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- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/144—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers using layers with different mechanical or chemical conditions or properties, e.g. layers with different thermal shrinkage, layers under tension during bonding
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- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/007—After-treatment
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Description
%Cure=[ΔHuncured−ΔHcured]/[ΔHuncured]×100%
この文脈での複合材基板は、(航空宇宙産業の複合材構造の作製に使用されるものなどの)プリプレグ又はプリプレグ積層材を含む、繊維強化樹脂複合材を意味する。本明細書で使用する用語「プリプレグ」は、硬化性基材樹脂に含浸されている繊維状材料(例えば一方向性のトウ(tow)若しくはテープ、不織マット又は織物プライ)の層を意味する。複合材基板の基材樹脂は、未硬化又は部分的に硬化した状態でもよい。繊維の補強材料は、織布若しくは不織布のプライ、又は連続する一方向性繊維の形態でもよい。本明細書で使用する「一方向性繊維」は、同一方向に整列させた補強繊維の層を意味する。本明細書で使用する用語「プリプレグ積層材」は、積重ねた構成で蓄えられている複数のプリプレグの層を意味する。例として、プリプレグ層の数は、2から100層、又は10から50層でもよい。
(1)繊維(例えば、一方向性繊維又は織物網の形態)の層を連続的に移動させて、溶融した含浸基材樹脂組成物の(加熱)浴を通して、完全に又は実質的に完全に繊維を湿潤させる、あるいは
(2)(例えば、平行に配列された一方向性繊維又は織物プライで、連続する形態の)繊維層に対して樹脂フィルムを上面と底面で加圧する。
複合材基板の接着用接着剤は、未硬化又は硬化性の複合材基板との共硬化のために好適な硬化性組成物である。硬化性接着組成物は、1若しくは複数の熱硬化性樹脂、硬化剤(複数可)及び/又は触媒(複数可)、並びに任意選択的に強靭化剤、フィラー、流動制御剤、染料などを含んでもよい。熱硬化性樹脂には、これらに限定されないが、エポキシ樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ビスマレイミド樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、シアン酸エステル樹脂、フェノール樹脂などが含まれる。
この実施例では、制御された硬化速度の概念に基づいた表面処理の有効性を実証する。
以下の実施例は、比較のために、遅く硬化する表面処理フィルムを含有しない表面処理の効果を示す。
以下の実施例は、表面粗さを改善し接着を容易にするために、取り外し可能なはく離層の使用を必要とする表面処理を実証する。
表面処理層の硬化速度と下地のプリプレグ材料の硬化速度との比較は、示差走査熱量測定(DSC)によって容易に評価できる。図4は、実施例3で開示したプリプレグ材料及び表面処理層のDSCプロファイルを示す。図4に見られるように、表面処理樹脂の硬化温度のオンセットは、プリプレグ樹脂のそれよりも高い。この特定の例では、プリプレグ材料は、硬化を受け始めており、反応性エポキシ官能基の消費が表面処理層での消費よりも高い比率で始まっている。このように、続くプリプレグ材料の完全硬化で、表面処理樹脂は部分的に硬化した状態であり、未反応の官能基を含有していた。
Claims (26)
- (a)第1の硬化性基材樹脂に含浸された強化用繊維を含む複合材基板を用意することと、
(b)複合材基板の表面上に表面処理層を施すことであって、前記表面処理層が第1の基材樹脂と異なる第2の硬化性基材樹脂を含む、施すことと、
(c)複合材基板及び表面処理層を、複合材基板が完全に硬化されるが表面処理層は部分的に硬化されるに留まるまで、共硬化すること
を含み、
第2の基材樹脂が、第1の基材樹脂よりも遅い速度で硬化するように配合され、
表面処理層が、第2の硬化性基材樹脂を注入された織布を含み、(c)の共硬化後に、表面処理層が複合材基板の表面から除去され、複合材基板の表面上に部分的に硬化した基材樹脂の薄いフィルムが残され、前記薄いフィルムが、粗面化された、化学的に活性な官能基を有する接着可能な表面をもたらす、接着結合に先立つ表面調製のための方法。 - 第1及び第2の硬化性基材樹脂が、1又は複数の多官能エポキシ樹脂を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第1及び第2の基材樹脂が、異なる速度で硬化に影響を及ぼすために選択された異なる硬化剤を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第1及び第2の基材樹脂が、1又は複数のエポキシ樹脂を含み、
第1及び第2の基材樹脂用の硬化剤が、メラミン及び置換メラミン誘導体、ポリメルカプタン、ポリアミド、脂肪族ポリアミン、芳香族ポリアミン誘導体、第三級アミン三フッ化ホウ素複合体、酸無水物、イミダゾール、芳香族ポリアミン、シアノグアニジン、ノボラック型フェノールからなる群から選択され、
第1の基材樹脂用の硬化剤が、第2の基材樹脂の速度に対して第1の基材樹脂がより速い速度で硬化できるように選択される、請求項3に記載の方法。 - 硬化剤として、第1の基材樹脂が、1,3−ビス(4−アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼンを含み、第2の基材樹脂が、4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホン又は(3−(4−アミノベンゾイル)オキシフェニル)−4−アミノベンゾエートを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 硬化剤として、第1の基材樹脂が、4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホン又は3,3’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホンを含み、第2の基材樹脂が、メラミンを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 硬化剤として、第1の基材樹脂が、4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホン及びジシアノグアニジンの組合せを含み、第2の基材樹脂が、4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホン又はメラミンを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 硬化剤として、第1の基材樹脂が、3,3’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホンを含み、第2の基材樹脂が、4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホンを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 硬化剤として、第1の基材樹脂が、ビス−アニリンMを含み、第2の基材樹脂が、4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホンを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 硬化剤として、第1の基材樹脂が、4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホンを含み、第2の基材樹脂が、(3−(4−アミノベンゾイル)オキシフェニル)−4−アミノベンゾエートを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 硬化剤として、第1の基材樹脂が、ビス−アニリンPを含み、第2の基材樹脂が、3,3’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホンを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 硬化剤として、第1の基材樹脂が、3,3’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホン及びイソフタル酸ジヒドラジドの組合せを含み、第2の基材樹脂が、メラミンを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 硬化性の、第2の基材樹脂が、1又は複数の熱硬化性樹脂、硬化剤、及び1又は複数の熱硬化性樹脂と第2の基材樹脂中の硬化剤との間の反応速度を低下させることのできる阻害剤を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記阻害剤が、ホウ酸;トリフルオロボラン;アルキルホウ酸;アルキルボラン;トリメトキシボロキシン;マレイン酸、サリチル酸、シュウ酸を含む1から3までのpKaを有する有機酸;金属酸化物、金属水酸化物及び金属のアルコキシドで、金属が亜鉛、スズ、チタン、コバルト、マンガン、鉄、ケイ素、ホウ素、又はアルミニウムであるもの;並びにそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 硬化性の、第1の基材樹脂が、1又は複数の熱硬化性樹脂、硬化剤、及び1又は複数の熱硬化性樹脂と硬化剤との間の反応速度を上昇させることのできる促進剤を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 第1の基材樹脂が、1又は複数のエポキシ樹脂を含み、促進剤が、アミン、ホスフィン、複素環の窒素、アンモニウム、ホスホニウム、アルセニウム又はスルホニウムの部分を含有する化合物から選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 第1の基材樹脂が、1又は複数のエポキシ樹脂を含み、促進剤が、ベンゾイミダゾール、イミダゾール、イミダゾリジン、イミダゾリン、オキサゾール、ピロール、チアゾール、ピリジン、ピラジン、モルホリン、ピリダジン、ピリミジン、ピロリジン、ピラゾール、キノキサリン、キナゾリン、フタラジン、キノリン、プリン、インダゾール、インドール、インドリジン、フェナジン、フェナルサジン、フェノチアジン、ピロリン、インドリン、ピペリジン、ピペラジン及びそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から17の何れか一項に記載の方法を含む、化学的に活性な官能基を有する接着可能な表面を有する硬化した複合材基板の製造方法。
- (a)第1の硬化性基材樹脂に含浸された強化用繊維を含む第1の複合材基板を用意することと、
(b)第1の複合材基板の表面上に、取り外し可能な樹脂リッチはく離層を施すことであって、前記はく離層が第1の基材樹脂よりも遅い速度で硬化するように配合されている第2の硬化性基材樹脂で含浸された織布を含む、施すことと、
(c)第1の複合材基板及びはく離層を、第1の複合材基板が完全に硬化されるがはく離層中の第2の基材樹脂は部分的に硬化されるに留まるまで、共硬化することと、
(d)はく離層を第1の複合材基板の表面から除去し、第1の複合材基板の表面上に部分的に硬化した第2の基材樹脂の薄いフィルムを残し、前記薄いフィルムは、粗面化された、化学的に活性な官能基を有する接着可能な表面をもたらすことと、
(e)硬化した第1の複合材基板を第1の複合材基板とは異なる第2の複合材基板に、複合材基板の間に硬化性接着フィルムを入れて接合することであって、
硬化性接着フィルムが、第1の複合材基板の接着可能な表面上の化学的に活性な官能基と反応可能な化学的に活性な官能基を含む、接合することと、
(f)前記接着フィルムを硬化して共有結合性接着構造を形成することと
を含む接着方法。 - (a)第1の硬化性基材樹脂に含浸された強化用繊維を含む第1の複合材基板を用意することと、
(b)第1の複合材基板の表面上に樹脂フィルムを施すことであって、前記樹脂フィルムが、第1の基材樹脂よりも遅い速度で硬化するように配合されている第2の硬化性基材樹脂から形成される、施すことと、
(c)第1の複合材基板及び樹脂フィルムを、第1の複合材基板が完全に硬化されるが樹脂フィルムは部分的に硬化されるに留り、それにより化学的に活性な官能基を有する接着可能な表面をもたらすまで、共硬化することと、
(e)硬化した第1の複合材基板を第1の複合材基板とは異なる第2の複合材基板に、複合材基板の間に硬化性接着フィルムを入れて接合することであって、
硬化性接着フィルムが、第1の複合材基板の接着可能な表面上の化学的に活性な官能基と反応可能な化学的に活性な官能基を含む、接合することと、
(f)接着フィルムを硬化して共有結合性接着構造を形成することと
を含む、複合材基板を共接着又は2次接着する、接着方法。 - 第2の複合材基板が、硬化した第1の複合材基板に接合される前に硬化される、請求項19又は20に記載の接着方法。
- 硬化した第2の複合材基板が、硬化した第1の複合材基板の、粗面化された接着可能な表面を形成するために使用した同一の方法により調製された化学的に活性な官能基を有する、粗面化された、接着可能な表面を含む、請求項19に記載の接着方法。
- 第2の複合材基板が、第1の複合材基板に接合される前に未硬化であるか又は部分的に硬化されており、(f)の硬化の間に、接着フィルム及び第2の複合材基板が同時に硬化される、請求項19又は20に記載の接着方法。
- 第1及び第2の硬化性基材樹脂が、異なる速度で硬化に影響を及ぼすために選択された異なる硬化剤を含む、請求項19から23の何れか一項に記載の接着方法。
- 第1及び第2の硬化性基材樹脂が、1又は複数のエポキシ樹脂を含み、
第1及び第2の基材樹脂用の硬化剤が、メラミン及び置換メラミン誘導体、ポリメルカプタン、ポリアミド、脂肪族ポリアミン、芳香族ポリアミン誘導体、第三級アミン三フッ化ホウ素複合体、酸無水物、イミダゾール、芳香族ポリアミン、シアノグアニジン、ノボラック型フェノールからなる群から選択され、
第1及び第2の基材樹脂用の硬化剤が、第2の基材樹脂に対して第1の基材樹脂がより速い速度で硬化できるように選択される、請求項24に記載の接着方法。 - 硬化性接着フィルムが、硬化剤として少なくとも1の多官能エポキシ樹脂及び少なくとも1のアミン化合物を含む、請求項19から25の何れか一項に記載の接着方法。
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| MY173766A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2020-02-19 | Cytec Tech Corp | Peel ply, method of surface preparation and bonding composite structures using the same |
| US9254622B2 (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2016-02-09 | University Of Washington | Bond ply for adhesive bonding of composites and associated systems and methods |
| BR112015012020A2 (pt) * | 2012-11-26 | 2017-07-11 | Cytec Ind Inc | processo de ligação de compósito |
| JP6216133B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-25 | 2017-10-18 | 互応化学工業株式会社 | 2液混合型の主剤及び硬化剤、並びにプリント配線板の製造方法 |
| JP6119376B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2017-04-26 | 三菱化学株式会社 | エポキシ樹脂、エポキシ樹脂組成物及び硬化物 |
| AU2014309366B2 (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2017-12-07 | Cytec Industries Inc. | Bonding of composite materials |
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|---|---|
| US20180001572A1 (en) | 2018-01-04 |
| US10315404B2 (en) | 2019-06-11 |
| AU2015343586A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
| WO2016073192A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
| RU2017119030A (ru) | 2018-12-05 |
| TW201634291A (zh) | 2016-10-01 |
| CA2966496A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
| US9789646B2 (en) | 2017-10-17 |
| RU2017119030A3 (ja) | 2019-04-12 |
| ES2842278T3 (es) | 2021-07-13 |
| JP2018502753A (ja) | 2018-02-01 |
| EP3227363B1 (en) | 2020-10-07 |
| AU2015343586B2 (en) | 2019-05-09 |
| CA2966496C (en) | 2022-08-16 |
| TWI652171B (zh) | 2019-03-01 |
| CN107207749B (zh) | 2021-03-16 |
| EP3227363A1 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
| CN107207749A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
| US20160121591A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
| RU2708209C2 (ru) | 2019-12-04 |
| BR112017009032A2 (pt) | 2018-02-06 |
| BR112017009032B1 (pt) | 2021-10-26 |
| KR20170081663A (ko) | 2017-07-12 |
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