JP6590284B2 - 疼痛抑制物質のスクリーニング方法および疼痛の予防または治療用医薬組成物 - Google Patents
疼痛抑制物質のスクリーニング方法および疼痛の予防または治療用医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
[1]疼痛抑制物質のスクリーニング方法であって、FLRT3を用いることを特徴とする方法。
[2]疼痛抑制物質が、末梢神経障害に起因する疼痛を抑制する物質である前記[1]に記載の方法。
[3]FLRT3の発現を阻害する物質を選択することを特徴とする前記[1]または[2]に記載の方法。
[4]FLRT3の脊髄への輸送を阻害する物質を選択することを特徴とする前記[1]または[2]に記載の方法。
[5]FLRT3とUnc5Bとの結合を阻害する物質を選択することを特徴とする前記[1]または[2]に記載の方法。
[6]被験物質とFLRT3を発現する細胞を接触させる工程と、前記細胞のFLRT3の発現量を測定する工程と、該発現量を被験物質と接触させない前記細胞におけるFLRT3の発現量と比較し、FLRT3の発現量を低下させる被験物質を選択する工程とを含むことを特徴とする前記[3]に記載の方法。
[7]後根神経節組織において被験物質と後根神経節細胞を接触させる工程と、後根線維または脊髄のFLRT3量を測定する工程と、該FLRT3量を被験物質と接触させない場合の後根線維または脊髄のFLRT3量と比較し、FLRT3量を低下させる被験物質を選択する工程とを含むことを特徴とする前記[4]に記載の方法。
[8]被験物質とFLRT3とUnc5Bを接触させる工程と、FLRT3とUnc5Bとの結合を確認する工程と、FLRT3とUnc5Bとの結合を阻害する被験物質を選択する工程を含むことを特徴とする前記[5]に記載の方法。
[9]FLRT3の発現を阻害する物質、FLRT3の脊髄への輸送を阻害する物質またはFLRT3とUnc5Bとの結合を阻害する物質を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする疼痛の予防または治療用医薬組成物。
[10]疼痛が、末梢神経障害に起因する疼痛である前記[9]に記載の医薬組成物。
[11]FLRT3の発現を阻害する物質が、FLRT3の発現を阻害する核酸である前記[9]または[10]に記載の医薬組成物。
[12]FLRT3の脊髄への輸送を阻害する物質またはFLRT3とUnc5Bとの結合を阻害する物質が、FLRT3と特異的に結合する抗体またはペプチドである前記[9]または[10]に記載の医薬組成物。
[13]後根神経節細胞、後根線維または後根神経節ニューロン軸索末端で作用することを特徴とする前記[9]〜[12]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
本発明は疼痛抑制物質のスクリーニング方法を提供する。本発明のスクリーニング方法は、FLRT3を用いるものであればよい。本発明のスクリーニング方法で用いるFLRT3はタンパク質でもよく、遺伝子でもよい。また、FLRT3がタンパク質の場合、全長タンパク質でもよく、機能断片でもよい。
本発明は、FLRT3の発現を阻害する物質、FLRT3の脊髄への輸送を阻害する物質またはFLRT3とUnc5Bとの結合を阻害する物質を有効成分として含有する疼痛の予防または治療用医薬組成物を提供する。本発明の医薬組成物は、上記本発明のスクリーニング方法を用いて選択される物質を有効成分とすることが好ましい。また、本発明の医薬組成物は、末梢神経障害に起因する疼痛の予防または治療に好適に用いることができる。
本発明の医薬組成物の投与量は、目的、疾患の種類、疾患の重篤度、患者の年齢、体重、性別、既往歴、有効成分の種類などを考慮して、適宜設定される。約65〜70kgの体重を有する平均的なヒトを対象とした場合、1日当たり0.02mg〜4000mg程度が好ましく、0.1mg〜200mg程度がより好ましい。1日当たりの総投与量は、単一投与量であっても分割投与量であってもよい。
(A)FLRT3の発現を阻害する物質、FLRT3の脊髄への輸送を阻害する物質またはFLRT3とUnc5Bとの結合を阻害する物質の有効量を投与する工程を包含することを特徴とする疼痛の予防または治療方法。
(B)疼痛の予防または治療に使用するための、FLRT3の発現を阻害する物質、FLRT3の脊髄への輸送を阻害する物質またはFLRT3とUnc5Bとの結合を阻害する物質。
(C)疼痛の予防または治療用医薬組成物を製造するための、FLRT3の発現を阻害する物質、FLRT3の脊髄への輸送を阻害する物質またはFLRT3とUnc5Bとの結合を阻害する物質の使用。
1−1 実験方法
(1)神経障害性疼痛モデルの作成
神経障害性疼痛モデルとして、坐骨神経部分絞扼モデル(Seltzer. A novel behavioral model of neuropathic pain disorders produced in rats by partial sciatic nerve injury. Pain 43, 205-218 (1990))を用いた。イソフルランと酸素の混合ガスによる吸気麻酔下で、Wistar/ST系統8週齢雄ラットの左後肢大腿部とその付け根付近を剃毛し、アルコールで消毒した。大腿骨と腰骨の関節部分の皮膚と筋肉を切開し、大腿骨に沿って走る坐骨神経を露出させた。4−0号ナイロン縫合糸で坐骨神経の1/2〜1/3を結紮し、筋肉および皮膚を縫合した。対側である右後肢の坐骨神経は皮膚と筋肉の切開だけ行って、偽手術側とした。
機械性刺激に対する応答を計測するために、von Frey filamentテストを行った。金網の上にプラスチックケースを置き、疼痛モデルラットをケースに入れて落ち着くまで5〜10分間慣らした。フィラメント(Semmes-Weinstein Von Frey Anesthesiometer、室町機械)を後肢足裏中央に3〜5秒間押し当てて逃避反応を起こす刺激閾値(g)についてアップダウン法を用いて測定した。
Wistar/ST系統8週齢雄ラットの第4腰椎と第5腰椎の隙間から脊髄髄腔内にポリエチレンチューブを挿管し、チューブ先端が腰髄膨大部近辺に来るように配置させた(Milligan, E. D., Hinde, J. L., Mehmert, K. K., Maier, S. F. & Watkins, L. R. A method for increasing the viability of the external portion of lumbar catheters placed in the spinal subarachnoid space of rats. Journal of neuroscience methods 90, 81-6 (1999))。挿管してから1週間後にvon Frey filamentテストを行い、挿管による運動異常または感覚異常が無いことが確認できた個体を以後の実験に使用した。FLRT3精製タンパク質(R&D)を生理食塩水で40ng/μLの濃度になるように溶解し、この溶液を10μLだけ髄腔内に挿管したチューブの後端から投与した。対照群の動物には生理食塩水を10μL投与した。投与後12,24,48時間目にvon Frey filamentテストを行い、逃避閾値の変化について調べた。
神経障害性疼痛モデルラットの脊髄と後根神経節細胞それぞれをサンプルとして用いた。ソムノペンチルをラットに過剰量投与して麻酔し、リン酸バッファーを100mL潅流して脱血後、腰部の椎骨を切開し、後根神経節の左右の第4から第6腰髄の後根神経節を取り出した。氷上でプロテアーゼインヒビターカクテル(Roche)を含む溶解バッファー(50 mM Tris-Hcl, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5% NP-40, 10 mM NaF, 1 mM Na3VO4)に溶解し、4℃、15,000rpm、10分間遠心分離し、上清を以後の実験に使用した。細胞溶解液をサンプルバッファー中で5分間煮沸し、SDS−PAGEに供してタンパク質を分離し、PVDFメンブレンに転写した。0.05% Tween−20を含有するPBS(PBS−T)で調製した5%脱脂粉乳を用いてメンブレンをブロッキングし、PBS−Tで希釈した抗FLRT3抗体(Abcam)とともに4℃で一晩インキュベーションした。メンブレンをPBS−Tで洗浄後、HRP標識抗ウサギIgG抗体(Cell Signaling Technology)でインキュベーションした。検出には、ECL化学発光システム(GE Healthcare)を使用した。FLRT3の発現量はβ−アクチンの発現量によって補正した。
神経障害性疼痛モデルラットの脊髄と後根神経節細胞それぞれをサンプルとして用いた。ソムノペンチルをラットに過剰量投与して麻酔し、リン酸バッファーを100mL潅流して脱血後、腰部の椎骨を切開し、後根神経節の左右の第4から第6腰髄の後根神経節を取り出した。試薬(TRIZOL, Life Technologies)を用いてRNAを抽出後、逆転写酵素(High-capacity Reverse Transcription Kit, Life Technologies)によりcDNAを合成した。TaqMan probe(Life Technologies)を用いてラットFLRT3遺伝子の発現量を定量した。FLRT3遺伝子発現量はハウスキーピング遺伝子であるラットGAPDH遺伝子の発現量によって補正した。
(1)神経障害性疼痛モデルにおけるFLRT3遺伝子発現量
定量PCR法を用いて神経障害性疼痛病態下でのFLRT3遺伝子発現を解析した。神経障害性疼痛モデル作製0,4,7,14日後のラットから脊髄組織(腰膨大部)と後根神経節細胞それぞれを損傷側と対側とに分けて回収した。組織から抽出したRNAをcDNAへと逆転写後、FLRT3遺伝子とGAPDH遺伝子(リファレンス)の発現について定量PCR法を用いて解析した。
後根神経節細胞の定量PCRの結果を図1に、脊髄組織(腰膨大部)の定量PCRの結果を図2に、それぞれ示した。図1から明らかなように、損傷側の後根神経節細胞においてFLRT3遺伝子の有意な発現上昇が観察された(**p<0.01 vs 0日後)。一方、図2から明らかなように、損傷側の脊髄ではFLRT3遺伝子の有意な発現上昇が観察されなかった。この結果から、神経障害性疼痛病態下では、脊髄ではなく、後根神経節細胞でFLRT3遺伝子の発現量が増加することが明らかになった。
次に、神経障害性疼痛病態下においてFLRT3がタンパク質レベルでどのように発現変化するのかを明らかにするために、ウエスタンブロッティング法を用いて解析した。神経障害性疼痛モデル作製0,7日後のラットから脊髄組織(腰膨大部)と後根神経節細胞それぞれを損傷側と対側とに分けて回収し、SDS−PAGEの後、FLRT3とβ−アクチンの発現量について調べた。
後根神経節細胞の損傷後7日目のウエスタンブロッティングの結果を図3に、脊髄組織(腰膨大部)の損傷後7日目のウエスタンブロッティングの結果を図4に、それぞれ示した。図3から明らかなように、損傷後7日目の後根神経節細胞では損傷側でFLRT3タンパク質の発現上昇が観察された。また、図4から明らかなように、損傷後7日目の脊髄においても損傷側でFLRT3タンパク質の発現上昇が観察された。
FLRT3タンパク質の脊髄での働きを明らかにするために、FLRT3タンパク質を脊髄髄腔内に投与して痛覚応答の変化について調べた。投与後12,24,48時間目にvon Frey filamentテストを行い、逃避閾値の変化について調べた結果を図5に示した。図5から明らかなように、FLRT3タンパク質を投与した動物は投与後徐々に逃避閾値が低下し始めた。逃避閾値の低下率について対照群と比較したところ、投与後12,24,48時間目で有意に逃避閾値が低下していることが示された(Tukey-Kramer検定、**p<0.01、*p<0.05)。
以上の結果から、FLRT3は成体脊髄内において動物の痛覚応答を増強させ、疼痛を引き起こす働きがあることが示唆された。
抗FLRT3抗体によって神経障害性疼痛における鎮痛効果が得られるかどうか明らかにするために、疼痛を発症したモデルラットに抗FLRT3抗体(R&D社、AF2795)を脊髄髄空内に投与して痛み関連行動を調べた。まず、8週齢Wistar系雄ラットの脊髄髄腔内にポリエチレンチューブを挿管した。挿管してから1週間後にラットの左後肢の坐骨神経を部分絞扼して神経障害性疼痛モデルを作製した。疼痛モデル作製7日後にvon Frey filamentテストを用いて逃避閾値の低下(=機械性アロディニア)が起こっていることを確認した。抗FLRT3抗体を生理食塩水で溶解した液(1μg/μL)を作製し、脊髄髄腔内に挿管したポリエチレンチューブの後端から30μL投与した。対照群の動物にはヤギコントロールIgG液(1μg/μL)を等量だけ投与した。投与後はチューブの後端を閉じ、皮膚を縫合した。抗体液を投与して12時間、24時間、48時間後のそれぞれでvon Frey filamentテストを行って損傷側後肢の逃避閾値の変化について調べた。
Claims (5)
- FLRT3の発現を阻害するFLRT3遺伝子のsiRNA、shRNAまたはアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを有効成分として含有することを特徴とする疼痛の予防または治療用医薬組成物。
- FLRT3と特異的に結合する抗体を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする疼痛の予防または治療用医薬組成物。
- 被験物質とFLRT3を発現する細胞を接触させる工程と、前記細胞のFLRT3の発現量を測定する工程と、該発現量を被験物質と接触させない前記細胞におけるFLRT3の発現量と比較し、FLRT3の発現量を低下させる被験物質を選択する工程とを含むことを特徴とする疼痛抑制物質のスクリーニング方法。
- 後根神経節組織において被験物質と後根神経節細胞を接触させる工程と、後根線維または脊髄のFLRT3量を測定する工程と、該FLRT3量を被験物質と接触させない場合の後根線維または脊髄のFLRT3量と比較し、FLRT3量を低下させる被験物質を選択する工程とを含むことを特徴とする疼痛抑制物質のスクリーニング方法。
- 被験物質とFLRT3とUnc5Bを接触させる工程と、FLRT3とUnc5Bとの結合を確認する工程と、FLRT3とUnc5Bとの結合を阻害する被験物質を選択する工程を含むことを特徴とする疼痛抑制物質のスクリーニング方法。
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