JP6564865B2 - 光電気的触媒作用のための電極、太陽電池、及び前記電極を製造するための方法 - Google Patents
光電気的触媒作用のための電極、太陽電池、及び前記電極を製造するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
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Description
a:溶媒中の粒子の懸濁液を調製し、懸濁液を支持層に接触させるステップ、
b:粒子の層を支持層上に堆積するために、支持層と懸濁液との間に電圧パルスを印加するステップ、及び
c:懸濁された粒子の直径を減少させるステップ。
ここで、ステップbが繰り返される。
バナジン酸ビスマス顔料(BiVO4)(Bruchsaler−Farben GmbH製)を使用した。本発明に係る方法のステップaにしたがい、黄色顔料(35mg)をアセトン(10ml)/ヨウ素(40mg)溶液中に、超音波浴(37kHz)中で10分間懸濁する。それに続いて、電気泳動堆積のためのこの懸濁液を、キャリア(フッ素化酸化スズ、FTO)上に、各1分40秒間電気泳動堆積し、これを3回繰り返した。個々の堆積の間に、懸濁液を超音波浴中に再びセットした。添加されたヨウ素は残留水とともにアセトン溶液を形成するために、酸化物粒子は強く部分的に溶解し、したがって酸化物粒子のサイズが減少する。最初の堆積及び最後の堆積の後に、結果として得られた表面の形態を、EDXを使用して決定した(図3)。この表面形態は、図1のIIに概略的に示される電極10に対応する。
1 支持層
2 触媒層
3 粒子
3a 小さい粒子
3b より大きい粒子
4 マトリクス
4a アモルファス半導体材料
4b 不活性基礎材料
5 溶媒
10 電極
10' 先行技術に係る電極
20 本発明に係る電極の電力密度
30 先行技術に係る電極の電力密度
21/31 光オン
22/32 光オフ
23/33 光電流密度
Claims (13)
- 光電気的触媒作用のための電極(10)であって、
前記電極(10)が支持層(1)を含み、前記支持層(1)の上に触媒層(2)が配置され、前記触媒層(2)が第一の半導体材料の粒子(3)を含み、
前記触媒層(2)が、アモルファスの第二の半導体材料のマトリクス(4)をさらに有し、前記マトリクス(4)が前記粒子を少なくとも部分的に取り囲む、電極(10)であり、
前記粒子(3)の少なくとも90%は、平均粒子直径からの偏差が、最大20%であることを特徴とする、電極(10)。 - 前記粒子(3)の少なくとも90%は、平均粒子直径からの偏差が、最大10%であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の光電気的触媒作用のための電極(10)。
- 前記半導体材料が自由電荷キャリアを有し、前記マトリクス材料において過半数を占める電荷キャリアのタイプが、照光の結果、粒子(3)において形成される電荷キャリアのタイプに対応することを特徴とする、請求項1〜2のいずれか一項に記載の、光電気的触媒作用のための電極(10)。
- 前記電極が、光電気化学電極又は光起電性電極であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の、光電気的触媒作用のための電極(10)。
- 電解質又は電子伝導体が、前記電極上に配置されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の、光電気的触媒作用のための電極(10)。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の光電気的触媒作用のための電極、及び電解質又は電子伝導体、を有する、太陽電池。
- 請求項6に記載の太陽電池であって、前記太陽電池が、具体的には透明対向電極をさらに含み、光電気的触媒作用のための前記電極が、前記電解質又は電子伝導体を介して前記対向電極に導電的に連結されることを特徴とする、太陽電池。
- 光電気的触媒作用のための電極(10)を製造するための方法であって、
a:溶媒(5)中の粒子(3)の懸濁液を調製し、前記懸濁液を支持層(1)に接触させるステップ、
b:粒子(3)の層を前記支持層(1)上に堆積するために、前記支持層(1)と前記懸濁液との間に電圧パルスを印加するステップ、及び
c:前記懸濁された粒子(3)の直径を減少させるステップを含み、
ステップ(b)が単独で繰り返される、又はステップ(b)及びステップ(c)が複合で繰り返される、方法。 - 前記電圧パルスが、10秒間〜5分間の範囲の時間印加されることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子直径が、化学的エッチングを使用して減少させられることを特徴とする、請求項8〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法のステップ(c)中に、前記支持層(1)と前記懸濁液との間に、電圧が印加されないか、又はステップ(b)で印加される電圧よりも低い電圧が印加されることを特徴とする、請求項8〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子(3)の表面電荷が、酸化剤又は還元剤を前記懸濁液に添加することにより決定されることを特徴とする、請求項8〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(c)において、前記粒子(3)が部分的に溶解し、ステップ(b)において、前記溶解した粒子材料が、前記粒子(3)と同時にマトリクス(4)として堆積することを特徴とする、請求項8〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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JP4982641B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-12 | 2012-07-25 | 株式会社林原 | 半導体層、これを用いる太陽電池、及びそれらの製造方法並びに用途 |
JP2003272831A (ja) * | 2002-01-09 | 2003-09-26 | Toray Ind Inc | 有機電界発光素子 |
KR101470680B1 (ko) * | 2007-08-06 | 2014-12-09 | 도요세이칸 그룹 홀딩스 가부시키가이샤 | 색소 증감형 태양 전지와 그 전극 기판, 전극 기판 제조 방법, 및 반도체 다공질층 형성용 페이스트 |
JP5266524B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-06 | 2013-08-21 | 東洋製罐グループホールディングス株式会社 | 色素増感型太陽電池用電極基板及び色素増感型太陽電池 |
KR100950682B1 (ko) * | 2008-07-24 | 2010-03-31 | 전자부품연구원 | 표시 장치 및 방법 |
JP5422973B2 (ja) * | 2008-11-18 | 2014-02-19 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 球状酸化物半導体粒子、並びに、これを用いた集積体及び光電極 |
JP5689351B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-20 | 2015-03-25 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光電変換素子及び光電気化学電池 |
WO2013137488A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-14 | 2013-09-19 | トーホーテック株式会社 | ペースト用チタン系粉末および同チタン系粉の製造方法 |
WO2014169258A1 (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2014-10-16 | Pacific Integrated Energy, Inc. | Photocatalytic metamaterial based on plasmonic near perfect optical absorbers |
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