JP6544496B1 - スタッドレスタイヤ用トレッドゴム組成物 - Google Patents
スタッドレスタイヤ用トレッドゴム組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6544496B1 JP6544496B1 JP2018567768A JP2018567768A JP6544496B1 JP 6544496 B1 JP6544496 B1 JP 6544496B1 JP 2018567768 A JP2018567768 A JP 2018567768A JP 2018567768 A JP2018567768 A JP 2018567768A JP 6544496 B1 JP6544496 B1 JP 6544496B1
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- conjugated diene
- rubber
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- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 73
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 107
- -1 diene compound Chemical class 0.000 description 91
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 49
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 49
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 44
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 34
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 30
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
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- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
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- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
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- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 20
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- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 16
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- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 16
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 125000005370 alkoxysilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 15
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 13
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- CSRZQMIRAZTJOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl iodide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)I CSRZQMIRAZTJOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 11
- UAHWPYUMFXYFJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-myrcene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(=C)C=C UAHWPYUMFXYFJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 10
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 9
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 9
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 8
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 8
- OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoform Chemical compound IC(I)I OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BGNGWHSBYQYVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 BGNGWHSBYQYVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 7
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229940093858 ethyl acetoacetate Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-IUCAKERBSA-N (-)-α-pinene Chemical compound CC1=CC[C@@H]2C(C)(C)[C@H]1C2 GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010734 process oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 6
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYBREYKSZAROCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-myrcene Natural products CC(=C)CCCC(=C)C=C VYBREYKSZAROCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
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- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AQIQPUUNTCVHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-3-triethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN(C)C AQIQPUUNTCVHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-RKDXNWHRSA-N (+)-β-pinene Chemical compound C1[C@H]2C(C)(C)[C@@H]1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-IUCAKERBSA-N (-)-Nopinene Natural products C1[C@@H]2C(C)(C)[C@H]1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- FPJPAIQDDFIEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-trimethoxysilylbutanenitrile Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCC#N FPJPAIQDDFIEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 4
- NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N diiodomethane Chemical compound ICI NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- MVNCAPSFBDBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-pinene Natural products CC1=CCC23C1CC2C3(C)C MVNCAPSFBDBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002256 xylenyl group Chemical class C1(C(C=CC=C1)C)(C)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IHPKGUQCSIINRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N β-ocimene Natural products CC(C)=CCC=C(C)C=C IHPKGUQCSIINRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
- B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C19/00—Tyre parts or constructions not otherwise provided for
- B60C19/002—Noise damping elements provided in the tyre structure or attached thereto, e.g. in the tyre interior
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L15/00—Compositions of rubber derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L7/00—Compositions of natural rubber
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(走行条件)
車両(国産FR2000cc)の全輪に装着して、常温のドライ路面を100km走行し、その後、−1〜−10℃の雪氷上路面を4km走行する。
(走行条件)
車両(国産FR2000cc)の全輪に装着して、常温のドライ路面を100km走行し、その後、−1〜−10℃の雪氷上路面を4km走行する。
スタッドレスタイヤには、気温に依存しない氷上グリップ性能が求められるが、該性能を得るには、発泡ゴムなどの柔軟性の高いゴムを用いる必要がある。しかし、単にゴム中に空隙を作り柔軟性を高めただけでは、ブロック剛性が保てず操縦安定性が低下するほか、耐摩耗性の低下がみられるほか、接触面積が少なくなるため、水膜の少ない低温時の氷上グリップ性能を担保することが困難となる。したがって、それらの性能を両立させるためには、ゴムの内部は低温でしなやかにし、トレッド表面に空隙を作る必要がある。しかし、単に低温特性を高めた部材に空隙を作ったトレッドを張り付けただけでは、界面で剥離する危険性があるので、その剥離を回避する有効な方法は、トレッド内部及び表面の配合を同一とすることと考えられる。
前記ゴム組成物は、イソプレン系ゴムと変性共役ジエン系重合体とを含有するゴム成分を含む。
イソプレン系ゴムとしては、天然ゴム(NR)、イソプレンゴム(IR)、改質NR、変性NR、変性IR等が挙げられる。NRは、SIR20、RSS♯3、TSR20等、IRは、IR2200等、タイヤ工業で一般的なものを使用できる。改質NRは、脱タンパク質天然ゴム(DPNR)、高純度天然ゴム(UPNR)等、変性NRは、エポキシ化天然ゴム(ENR)、水素添加天然ゴム(HNR)、グラフト化天然ゴム等、変性IRは、エポキシ化イソプレンゴム、水素添加イソプレンゴム、グラフト化イソプレンゴム等、が挙げられる。これらは、単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
なお、本明細書において、シス含量(シス−1,4−結合量)は、NMR分析により測定されるシグナル強度から算出した値である。
(a)成分:ランタノイドからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の元素を含有するランタノイド含有化合物、又は、該ランタノイド含有化合物とルイス塩基との反応により得られる反応生成物
(b)成分:アルミノオキサン、及び、一般式(1);AlR1R2R3で表される有機アルミニウム化合物(ただし、一般式(1)中、R1及びR2は、同一又は異なって、炭素数1〜10の炭化水素基又は水素原子を表す。R3は、R1及びR2と同一又は異なって、炭素数1〜10の炭化水素基を表す。)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物
(c)成分:その分子構造中に少なくとも1個のヨウ素原子を含有するヨウ素含有化合物
上記変性共役ジエン系重合体としてこのような製造方法により製造されたものを用いることで、低温氷上性能、高温氷上性能、耐摩耗性、低燃費性能により優れたものとすることができる。
(a)成分:ランタノイドからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の元素を含有するランタノイド含有化合物、又は、該ランタノイド含有化合物とルイス塩基との反応により得られる反応生成物
(b)成分:アルミノオキサン、及び、一般式(1);AlR1R2R3で表される有機アルミニウム化合物(ただし、一般式(1)中、R1及びR2は、同一又は異なって、炭素数1〜10の炭化水素基又は水素原子を表す。R3は、R1及びR2と同一又は異なって、炭素数1〜10の炭化水素基を表す。)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物
(c)成分:その分子構造中に少なくとも1個のヨウ素原子を含有するヨウ素含有化合物
また、上記pは、4〜100の整数であることが好ましい。
また、上記ヨウ化炭化水素化合物(上記一般式(7)で示される化合物)の具体例としては、メチルアイオダイド、ブチルアイオダイド、ヘキシルアイオダイド、オクチルアイオダイド、ヨードホルム、ジヨードメタン、ベンジリデンアイオダイド等が挙げられる。なかでも、メチルアイオダイド、ヨードホルム、ジヨードメタンが好ましい。
なお、本明細書において、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は、重量平均分子量と数平均分子量との割合(重量平均分子量/数平均分子量)により算出される値を意味する。
ここで、共役ジエン系重合体の重量平均分子量は、GPC法(Gel Permeation Chromatography法)で測定されたポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量である。
また、共役ジエン系重合体の数平均分子量は、GPC法で測定されたポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量である。
なお、ムーニー粘度(ML1+4、100℃)は後述の実施例に記載の測定方法により得られる値である。
なお、本明細書において、1,2−ビニル結合量は、NMR分析により測定されるシグナル強度から算出した値である。
これら変性剤は、単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。また、上述のアルコキシシラン化合物の部分縮合物を用いることもできる。
これらの官能基導入剤は、単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
なお、ムーニー粘度(ML1+4、125℃)は後述の実施例に記載の測定方法により得られる値である。
ここで、変性共役ジエン系重合体の重量平均分子量(Mw)は、GPC法(Gel Permeation Chromatography法)で測定されたポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量である。
また、変性共役ジエン系重合体の数平均分子量(Mn)は、GPC法で測定されたポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量である。
なお、本明細書において、コールドフロー値(mg/分)は、後述する測定方法により算出される値である。
なお、本明細書において、経時安定性は、後述する測定方法により算出される値である。
ここで、変性共役ジエン系重合体のガラス転移温度は、後述の実施例に記載の測定方法により測定することができる。
なお、上記化合物(変性剤)による変性は公知の方法で実施可能である。
また、上記スズ化合物としては、四塩化スズ、ブチルスズトリクロライドなどが挙げられる。
水溶性微粒子は、水への溶解性を有する微粒子であれば特に限定されることなく、使用可能である。例えば、常温(20℃)の水への溶解度が1g/100g水以上の材料を使用できる。
本明細書において、中央値粒度は、レーザー回折法にて測定できる。
リグニン誘導体としては、リグニンスルホン酸、リグニンスルホン酸塩、等が好適である。リグニン誘導体は、サルファイトパルプ法、クラフトパルプ法のいずれにより得られたものでもよい。
スルホン化度(/OCH3)=
リグニン誘導体中のスルホン基中のS(モル)/リグニン誘導体中のメトキシル基(モル)
シリカとしては、乾式法シリカ(無水シリカ)、湿式法シリカ(含水シリカ)などが挙げられる。なかでも、シラノール基が多いという理由から、湿式法シリカが好ましい。市販品としては、デグッサ社、ローディア社、東ソー・シリカ(株)、ソルベイジャパン(株)、(株)トクヤマ等の製品を使用できる。これらは、単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
なお、シリカのN2SAは、ASTM D3037−93に準じてBET法で測定される値である。
前記ゴム組成物がシリカを含む場合、更にシランカップリング剤を含むことが好ましい。
シランカップリング剤としては、特に限定されず、例えば、ビス(3−トリエトキシシリルプロピル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(2−トリエトキシシリルエチル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(4−トリエトキシシリルブチル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(3−トリメトキシシリルプロピル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(2−トリメトキシシリルエチル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(2−トリエトキシシリルエチル)トリスルフィド、ビス(4−トリメトキシシリルブチル)トリスルフィド、ビス(3−トリエトキシシリルプロピル)ジスルフィド、ビス(2−トリエトキシシリルエチル)ジスルフィド、ビス(4−トリエトキシシリルブチル)ジスルフィド、ビス(3−トリメトキシシリルプロピル)ジスルフィド、ビス(2−トリメトキシシリルエチル)ジスルフィド、ビス(4−トリメトキシシリルブチル)ジスルフィド、3−トリメトキシシリルプロピル−N,N−ジメチルチオカルバモイルテトラスルフィド、2−トリエトキシシリルエチル−N,N−ジメチルチオカルバモイルテトラスルフィド、3−トリエトキシシリルプロピルメタクリレートモノスルフィド、などのスルフィド系、3−メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、2−メルカプトエチルトリエトキシシラン、Momentive社製のNXT、NXT−Zなどのメルカプト系、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシランなどのビニル系、3−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3−アミノプロピルトリメトキシシランなどのアミノ系、γ−グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、などのグリシドキシ系、3−ニトロプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3−ニトロプロピルトリエトキシシランなどのニトロ系、3−クロロプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3−クロロプロピルトリエトキシシランなどのクロロ系などがあげられる。市販品としては、デグッサ社、Momentive社、信越シリコーン(株)、東京化成工業(株)、アヅマックス(株)、東レ・ダウコーニング(株)等の製品を使用できる。これらは、単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
前記ゴム組成物は、前記性能バランスの観点から、充填剤としてカーボンブラックを含むことが好ましい。カーボンブラックとしては、特に限定されないが、N134、N110、N220、N234、N219、N339、N330、N326、N351、N550、N762等が挙げられる。市販品としては、旭カーボン(株)、キャボットジャパン(株)、東海カーボン(株)、三菱ケミカル(株)、ライオン(株)、新日化カーボン(株)、コロンビアカーボン社等の製品を使用できる。これらは、単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
なお、カーボンブラックの窒素吸着比表面積は、JIS K6217−2:2001によって求められる。
前記ゴム組成物は、ゴム成分100質量部に対して、液体可塑剤の含有量が30質量部を超えている。これにより、優れた耐摩耗性、低温・高温氷上性能、低燃費性能が得られる。該含有量は、33質量部以上が好ましく、35質量部以上がより好ましい。上限は特に限定されないが、耐摩耗性等の点から、100質量部以下が好ましく、70質量部以下がより好ましく、55質量部以下が更に好ましい。
前記ゴム組成物は、耐クラック性、耐オゾン性等の観点から、老化防止剤を含有することが好ましい。
加硫促進剤の含有量は特に制限はなく、要望する加硫速度や架橋密度に合わせて自由に決定すれば良いが、ゴム成分100質量部に対して、通常、0.3〜10質量部、好ましくは0.5〜7質量部である。
本発明のスタッドレスタイヤは、上記ゴム組成物を用いて通常の方法により製造される。すなわち、上記成分を配合したゴム組成物を、未加硫の段階でトレッド(キャップトレッドなど)の形状に合わせて押し出し加工し、他のタイヤ部材とともに、タイヤ成型機上にて通常の方法で成形することにより、未加硫タイヤを形成する。この未加硫タイヤを加硫機中で加熱加圧することで、スタッドレスタイヤが得られる。本発明のスタッドレスタイヤは、乗用車用スタッドレスタイヤとして好適に使用できる。
(走行条件)
車両(国産FR2000cc)の全輪に装着して、常温のドライ路面を100km走行し、その後、−1〜−10℃の雪氷上路面を4km走行する。
(走行条件)
車両(国産FR2000cc)の全輪に装着して、常温のドライ路面を100km走行し、その後、−1〜−10℃の雪氷上路面を4km走行する。
あらかじめ、0.18ミリモルのバーサチック酸ネオジムを含有するシクロヘキサン溶液、3.6ミリモルのメチルアルモキサンを含有するトルエン溶液、6.7ミリモルの水素化ジイソブチルアルミニウムを含有するトルエン溶液、及び、0.36ミリモルのトリメチルシリルアイオダイドを含有するトルエン溶液と1,3−ブタジエン0.90ミリモルを30℃で60分間反応熟成させて得られる触媒組成物(ヨウ素原子/ランタノイド含有化合物(モル比)=2.0)を得た。続いて、シクロヘキサン2.4kg、1,3−ブタジエン300gを窒素置換された5Lオートクレーブに投入した。そして、上記触媒組成物を上記オートクレーブに投入し、30℃で2時間、重合反応させて、重合体溶液を得た。なお、投入した1,3−ブタジエンの反応転化率は、ほぼ100%であった。
JIS K 6300に準じて、Lローターを使用して、予熱1分、ローター作動時間4分、温度100℃の条件で測定した。
ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフ(商品名;HLC−8120GPC、東ソー社製)を使用し、検知器として、示差屈折計を用いて、以下の条件で測定し、標準ポリスチレン換算値として算出した。
カラム ;商品名「GMHHXL」、(東ソー社製)2本、
カラム温度 ;40℃、
移動相 ;テトラヒドロフラン、流速 ;1.0ml/分、
サンプル濃度;10mg/20ml
シス−1,4−結合の含量、及び1,2−ビニル結合の含量は、1H−NMR分析及び13C−NMR分析により測定を行った。NMR分析には、日本電子社製の商品名「EX−270」を使用した。具体的には、1H−NMR分析としては、5.30〜5.50ppm(1,4−結合)、及び4.80−5.01ppm(1,2−結合)におけるシグナル強度から、重合体中の1,4−結合と1,2−結合の比を算出した。更に、13C−NMR分析としては、27.5ppm(シス−1,4−結合)、及び32.8ppm(トランス−1,4−結合)におけるシグナル強度から、重合体中のシス−1,4−結合とトランス−1,4−結合の比を算出した。これらの算出した値の比率を算出し、シス−1,4−結合量(質量%)及び1,2−ビニル結合量(質量%)とした。
変性共役ジエン系重合体(以下、「変性重合体」とも称する。)を得るために、合成例1の共役ジエン系重合体の重合体溶液に次の処理を行った。温度30℃に保持した重合体溶液に、1.71ミリモルの3−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシランを含有するトルエン溶液を添加し、30分間反応させて反応溶液を得た。それから、この反応溶液に1.71ミリモルの3−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランを含有するトルエン溶液を添加し、30分間撹拌した。続いて、この反応溶液に1.28ミリモルのテトライソプロピルチタネートを含有するトルエン溶液を添加し、30分間撹拌した。その後、重合反応を停止させるため、2,4−ジ−tert−ブチル−p−クレゾールを1.5g含むメタノール溶液を添加して、この溶液を変性重合体溶液とした。収量は2.5kgであった。続いて、この変性重合体溶液に、水酸化ナトリウムによりpH10に調整した水溶液20Lを添加し、110℃で2時間、脱溶媒とともに縮合反応させた。その後、110℃のロールで乾燥して、得られた乾燥物を変性重合体とした。
JIS K 6300に準じて、Lローターを使用して、予熱1分、ローター作動時間4分、温度125℃の条件で測定した。
圧力3.5lb/in2、温度50℃で重合体を1/4インチオリフィスに通して押し出すことにより測定した。定常状態にするため、10分間放置後、押し出し速度を測定し、その測定値を毎分のミリグラム数(mg/分)で表示した。
90℃の恒温槽で2日間保存した後のムーニー粘度(ML1+4,125℃)を測定し、下記式により算出した値である。なお、値が小さいほど経時安定性が良好である。
式:[90℃の恒温槽で2日間保存した後のムーニー粘度(ML1+4,125℃)]−[合成直後に測定したムーニー粘度(ML1+4,125℃)]
ガラス転移温度は、JIS K 7121に準じて、ティー・エイ・インスツルメント・ジャパン社製の示差走査熱量計(Q200)を用いて昇温速度10℃/分で昇温しながら測定することにより、ガラス転移開始温度として求めた。
天然ゴム(NR):RSS#3
変性共役ジエン系重合体:製造例1で合成した変性共役ジエン系重合体
ブタジエンゴム(BR):宇部興産(株)製のBR150B(シス95質量%以上)
カーボンブラック:三菱ケミカル(株)製のシーストN220
シリカ:エボニックデグッサ社製のウラトシルVN3(N2SA172m2/g)
シランカップリング剤:エボニックデグッサ社製のSi266
水溶性微粒子(1):馬居化成工業(株)製のMN−00(硫酸マグネシウム、中央値粒度(メジアン径)75μm)
水溶性微粒子(2):馬居化成工業(株)のUSN−00(超微細硫酸マグネシウム、中央値粒度(メジアン径)3μm)
水溶性微粒子(3):東京化成工業(株)製のリグニンスルホン酸ナトリウム(中央値粒度(メジアン径)100μm)
ワックス:日本精鑞(株)製のオゾエースワックス
老化防止剤:大内新興化学工業(株)製のノクラック6C
オイル:出光興産(株)製のPS−32(ミネラルオイル)
ステアリン酸:日油(株)製の桐
酸化亜鉛:三井金属鉱業(株)製の酸化亜鉛2種
硫黄:鶴見化学工業(株)製の粉末硫黄
加硫促進剤:大内新興化学工業(株)製のノクセラーNS
(株)島津製作所製SALD−2000J型を用い、レーザー回折法(測定操作は下記のとおり)により測定した。
<測定操作>
水溶性微粒子を、分散溶媒(トルエン)と分散剤(10質量%スルホこはく酸ジー2−エチルヘキシルナトリウム/トルエン溶液)との混合溶液に室温で分散させ、得られた分散液に超音波を照射しながら、該分散液を5分間撹拌して試験液を得た。該試験液を回分セルに移し、1分後に測定した。(屈折率:1.70−0.20i)
表1及び表2に示す配合処方に従い、1.7Lバンバリーミキサーを用いて、天然ゴムとシリカ、変性共役ジエン系重合体又はブタジエンゴムとシリカを添加し、それぞれ150℃の条件下で3分間混練りし、混練り物(マスターバッチ)を得た。次に、得られたマスターバッチに、硫黄及び加硫促進剤以外の材料を添加し、150℃の条件下で2分間混練りし、混練り物を得た。更に、硫黄及び加硫促進剤を添加し、オープンロールを用いて、80℃の条件下で5分間練り込み、未加硫ゴム組成物を得た。
得られた未加硫ゴム組成物を170℃で12分間、0.5mm厚の金型でプレス加硫し、加硫ゴム組成物を得た。
加硫ゴム組成物について、(株)岩本製作所製のランボーン摩耗試験機を用い、表面回転速度50m/分、付加荷重3.0kg、落砂量15g/分でスリップ率20%の条件下にて、摩耗量を測定し、該摩耗量の逆数を算出した。比較例1の摩耗量の逆数を100とし、他の配合の摩耗量の逆数を指数で表した。指数が大きいほど、耐摩耗性に優れることを示す。
各試験用スタッドレスタイヤを用いて、下記の条件で氷上での実車性能を評価した。試験場所は、住友ゴム工業株式会社の北海道名寄テストコースで行い、気温は−10〜−6℃であった。試験用タイヤを国産2000ccのFR車に装着し、時速30km/hでロックブレーキを踏み停止させるまでに要した氷上の停止距離を測定した。比較例1をリファレンスとして、下記式から指数表示した。指数が大きいほど、低温氷上性能に優れることを示す。
(低温氷上グリップ性能)=(比較例1の制動停止距離)/(各配合の停止距離)×100
各試験用スタッドレスタイヤを用いて、下記の条件で氷上での実車性能を評価した。試験場所は、住友ゴム工業株式会社の北海道名寄テストコースで行い、気温は0〜−5℃であった。試験用タイヤを国産2000ccのFR車に装着し、時速30km/hでロックブレーキを踏み停止させるまでに要した氷上の停止距離を測定した。比較例1をリファレンスとして、下記式から指数表示した。指数が大きいほど、高温氷上性能に優れることを示す。
(高温氷上グリップ性能)=(比較例1の制動停止距離)/(各配合の停止距離)×100
転がり抵抗試験機を用い、試験用スタッドレスタイヤを、リム(15×6JJ)、内圧(230kPa)、荷重(3.43kN)、速度(80km/h)で走行させたときの転がり抵抗を測定し、比較例1を100としたときの指数で表示した。指数が大きいほど転がり抵抗が小さく、低燃費性に優れることを示している。
各試験用スタッドレスタイヤを用いて、下記の条件で氷上での実車性能を評価した。試験場所は、住友ゴム工業株式会社の北海道名寄テストコースで行い、気温は0〜−5℃であった。試験用タイヤを国産2000ccのFR車に装着し、時速30km/hでロックブレーキを踏み停止させるまでに要した氷上の停止距離を測定した。比較例11をリファレンスとして、下記式から指数表示した。指数が大きいほど、氷上性能に優れることを示す。
(氷上性能)=(比較例11の制動停止距離)/(各配合の停止距離)×100
下記走行条件後のパターンノイズが走行前のパターンノイズに比べてどれだけ低減したかを算出した。そして、算出値(パターンノイズの低減率)を比較例11をリファレンスとして、下記式から指数表示した。指数が大きいほどパターンノイズ低減性に優れることを示す。
(パターンノイズ低減性)=(各配合におけるパターンノイズの低減率)/(比較例11におけるパターンノイズの低減率)×100
(走行条件)
各試験用スタッドレスタイヤを車両(国産FR2000cc)の全輪に装着して(リム:7.5J×17、内圧:220kPa)、常温のドライ路面を100km走行し、その後、−1〜−10℃の雪氷上路面を4km走行する。試験場所は、岡山テストコース(ドライ路面)。
なお、パターンノイズは、時速60km/hで走行したときの運転席窓側耳位置における車内音を測定し、500Hz付近の空洞共鳴音の狭帯域ピーク値の音圧レベルを測定することで測定した。
路面温度が25℃のドライアスファルト路面のテストコースにて、各試験用スタッドレスタイヤを排気量2000ccの国産FR車に装着して実車走行した。その際、テストドライバーが比較例11の結果を100として、微小操舵角変更時のハンドル応答性、急なレーンチェンジの応答性を総合的に評価した。なお、数値が大きいほど操縦安定性に優れていることを示す。
Claims (6)
- イソプレン系ゴムと変性共役ジエン系重合体とを含有するゴム成分、水溶性微粒子、シリカ、及び液体可塑剤を含み、
ゴム成分100質量部に対するシリカの含有量が30質量部以上、液体可塑剤の含有量が30質量部を超えているスタッドレスタイヤ用トレッドゴム組成物。 - ゴム成分100質量%中のイソプレン系ゴムの含有量が20質量%以上、変性共役ジエン系重合体の含有量が20質量%以上であり、
シリカ及びカーボンブラックの合計含有量100質量%中のシリカ含有率が50質量%以上である請求項1記載のスタッドレスタイヤ用トレッドゴム組成物。 - ゴム成分100質量部に対する水溶性微粒子の含有量が25質量部以上である請求項1又は2記載のスタッドレスタイヤ用トレッドゴム組成物。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のゴム組成物を用いて作製したトレッドを有するスタッドレスタイヤ。
- 前記スタッドレスタイヤは、下記走行条件後、トレッドの路面接地面に平均径0.1〜100μmの空隙が存在する請求項4に記載のスタッドレスタイヤ。
(走行条件)
車両(国産FR2000cc)の全輪に装着して、常温のドライ路面を100km走行し、その後、−1〜−10℃の雪氷上路面を4km走行する。 - 前記スタッドレスタイヤは、水溶性微粒子を含まない以外同配合のゴム組成物を用いて作製したトレッドを有するスタッドレスタイヤに比して、走行前のパターンノイズに対する下記走行条件後のパターンノイズの低減率が2〜10%向上する請求項4又は5記載のスタッドレスタイヤ。
(走行条件)
車両(国産FR2000cc)の全輪に装着して、常温のドライ路面を100km走行し、その後、−1〜−10℃の雪氷上路面を4km走行する。
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