JP6527861B2 - アシル化方法 - Google Patents
アシル化方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6527861B2 JP6527861B2 JP2016523300A JP2016523300A JP6527861B2 JP 6527861 B2 JP6527861 B2 JP 6527861B2 JP 2016523300 A JP2016523300 A JP 2016523300A JP 2016523300 A JP2016523300 A JP 2016523300A JP 6527861 B2 JP6527861 B2 JP 6527861B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- starch
- acid
- polymer composition
- amylose
- amylopectin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 25
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 title description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 103
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- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 93
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 91
- 229920000856 Amylose Polymers 0.000 claims description 86
- 229920000945 Amylopectin Polymers 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 235000013829 acylated starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 25
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- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
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- LFKYBJLFJOOKAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazol-2-ylidenemethanone Chemical compound O=C=C1N=CC=N1 LFKYBJLFJOOKAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical group CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- MKRNVBXERAPZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Starch acetate Chemical compound O1C(CO)C(OC)C(O)C(O)C1OCC1C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O2)OC(C)=O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(C)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 MKRNVBXERAPZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
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- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 4
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- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 3
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- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 3
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- SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound OCCCC(O)=O SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010073178 Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 description 2
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- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 108090000637 alpha-Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- 229940024171 alpha-amylase Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001031 glucose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroacetic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)(F)F QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IYXUFOCLMOXQSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,2-difluoroacetyl) 2,2-difluoroacetate Chemical compound FC(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)F IYXUFOCLMOXQSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N levoglucosan Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2CO[C@@H]1O2 TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005945 translocation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B33/00—Preparation of derivatives of amylose
- C08B33/02—Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B31/00—Preparation of derivatives of starch
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B31/00—Preparation of derivatives of starch
- C08B31/02—Esters
- C08B31/04—Esters of organic acids, e.g. alkenyl-succinated starch
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B35/00—Preparation of derivatives of amylopectin
- C08B35/02—Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08L3/04—Starch derivatives, e.g. crosslinked derivatives
- C08L3/06—Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08L3/14—Amylose derivatives; Amylopectin derivatives
- C08L3/16—Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D103/00—Coating compositions based on starch, amylose or amylopectin or on their derivatives or degradation products
- C09D103/04—Starch derivatives
- C09D103/06—Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D103/00—Coating compositions based on starch, amylose or amylopectin or on their derivatives or degradation products
- C09D103/14—Amylose derivatives; Amylopectin derivatives
- C09D103/16—Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J103/00—Adhesives based on starch, amylose or amylopectin or on their derivatives or degradation products
- C09J103/04—Starch derivatives
- C09J103/06—Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J103/00—Adhesives based on starch, amylose or amylopectin or on their derivatives or degradation products
- C09J103/14—Amylose derivatives; Amylopectin derivatives
- C09J103/16—Esters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Description
(a)アミロースおよび/またはアミロペクチンを含むポリマー組成物を、25℃で4.8以下のpKaを有する少なくとも1種の酸Aおよび酵素からなる群から選択される1種の添加剤、ならびに追加的に少なくとも1種のヒドロキシカルボン酸を含む水相で前処理する工程と、
(b)前処理されたポリマー組成物をアシル化剤と反応させて、アミロースおよび/またはアミロペクチンを含むアシル化ポリマー組成物を得る工程と
を含む方法に関する。
(a)アミロースおよび/またはアミロペクチンを含むポリマー組成物を、25℃で4.8以下のpKaを有する少なくとも1種の酸A、および酵素からなる群から選択される1種の添加剤、ならびに追加的に少なくとも1種のヒドロキシカルボン酸を含む水相で前処理する工程と、
(b)前処理されたポリマー組成物をアシル化剤と反応させて、アシル化デンプンを得る工程と、
(c)工程(b)で得られたアシル化ポリマーを、25℃で4.8以下のpKaを有する少なくとも1種の酸A’と水の存在下で反応させる工程と
を含む方法に関する。
は、任意のアミロペクチン/アミロース比を有する任意の供給源に由来する、デンプンのいずれか、変性デンプン、フラワーおよび/またはそれらの混合物のいずれも等しく示すことが意図される。
3重量%の水分含有量を有する15.5kgのジャガイモデンプンを、150gのアミド硫酸、1.5kgの乳酸(90%w/w)、750gの水および15lの氷酢酸で、75℃に1時間以内で前処理し、67℃に20分以内で冷却した。
DS=2.81、
粘度(トリアセチン中10重量%、30℃)1510mPas、
酢酸エチル、トリアセチン、クロロホルムに可溶性。
実施例1において、アセチル化反応を止めた後、10〜12重量%の水含有量を反応混合物中で調整し、反応混合物をおよそ70〜95℃の温度まで加熱し、0.003重量%の濃硫酸(95〜98%w/w)を添加する。1〜10時間で、一連の異なるDS(DS2.9〜1.6)を得ることができる。
10.55重量%の水分含有量を有する25kgのワクシーメイズを、20.2lの氷酢酸、250gのアミド硫酸、1.4kgの乳酸(90%w/w)と75℃の温度で1.5時間反応させた。
DS=2.4、
粘度(トリアセチン中10重量%、30℃)53mPas、
酢酸エチル、トリアセチン、クロロホルムに可溶性。
Claims (15)
- 50mPas以上の粘度(30℃でトリアセチン中10重量%)を有する、アミロースおよび/またはアミロペクチンを含むアシル化ポリマー組成物の製造方法であって、
(a)アミロースおよび/またはアミロペクチンを含むポリマー組成物を、25℃で4.8以下のpKaを有する少なくとも1種の酸Aおよび酵素からなる群から選択される1種の添加剤、ならびに追加的に少なくとも1種のヒドロキシカルボン酸を含む水相で前処理する工程と、
(b)前記前処理されたポリマー組成物をアシル化剤と反応させて、アミロースおよび/またはアミロペクチンを含むアシル化ポリマー組成物を得る工程と
を含む方法。 - 50mPas以上の粘度(30℃でトリアセチン中10重量%)を有する、アミロースおよび/またはアミロペクチンを含むアシル化ポリマー組成物の製造方法であって、
(a)アミロースおよび/またはアミロペクチンを含むポリマー組成物を、25℃で4.8以下のpKaを有する少なくとも1種の酸Aおよび酵素からなる群から選択される1種の添加剤、ならびに追加的に少なくとも1種のヒドロキシカルボン酸を含む水相で前処理する工程と、
(b)前記前処理されたポリマー組成物をアシル化剤と反応させて、アシル化デンプンを得る工程と、
(c)工程(b)で得られた前記アシル化ポリマー組成物を、25℃で4.8以下のpKaを有する少なくとも1種の酸A’と水の存在下で反応させる工程と
を含む方法。 - 工程(a)において、アミロースおよび/またはアミロペクチンを含む前記ポリマー組成物が、20℃〜85℃の範囲の温度で3分〜30分の範囲の前処理時間の間前処理される、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)で使用される前記少なくとも1種の酸Aおよび工程(c)で使用される前記少なくとも1種の酸A’が、同じかまたは異なることができ、鉱酸、スルホン酸およびカルボン酸(それらのすべては一塩基性または多塩基性のいずれかである)からなる群から選択される、請求項2または3に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種のヒドロキシカルボン酸が、少なくとも1つの位置において少なくとも1個の−OH基により置換されている2〜12個の炭素原子を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記添加剤が、酵素であり、かつ工程(c)における酸A’が、鉱酸、スルホン酸およびカルボン酸(それらのすべては、一塩基または多塩基のいずれかである)からなる群から選択される、請求項2、3、または5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記アシル化剤が、カルボン酸、対称または非対称カルボン酸無水物、カルボン酸ハロゲン化物およびカルボン酸カルボニルイミダゾールからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)が、カルボン酸の存在下で行われ、ここで、前記カルボン酸は、前記アシル化剤の加水分解により得られるカルボン酸に対応する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)で得られたアミロースおよび/またはアミロペクチンを含む前記ポリマー組成物が、化学変性デンプン、未変性デンプン、ならびに化学変性デンプンおよび未変性デンプンの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- メイズデンプン、コムギデンプン、ジャガイモデンプン、コメデンプン、エンドウマメデンプン、ライムギデンプン、ミレットデンプンおよびマニオクデンプンからなる群から選択される化学未変性デンプンが提供されるか、または化学変性メイズデンプン、化学変性コムギデンプン、化学変性ジャガイモデンプン、化学変性コメデンプン、化学変性エンドウマメ、化学変性ライムギデンプン、化学変性ミレットデンプンおよび化学変性マニオクデンプンからなる群から選択される化学変性デンプンが提供される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記化学変性デンプンは、架橋デンプン、アシル化デンプン、ヒドロキシエチル化デンプン、ヒドロキシプロピル化デンプン、メチル化デンプン、酸化デンプン、およびカチオン性またはアニオン性デンプンからなる群から選択される、請求項9または10に記載の方法。
- 前記前処理の時間および温度が、アミロースおよび/またはアミロペクチンを含む最終アシル化ポリマー組成物の粘度が50mPas以上(30℃でトリアセチン中10重量%)であるように選択される、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(c)の反応時間および反応温度が、アシル化デンプンの置換度(DS)が2.1〜2.9であるように選択される、請求項2〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 以下の工程:
(a)アミロースおよび/またはアミロペクチンを含むポリマー組成物を、25℃で4.8以下のpKaを有する少なくとも1種の酸Aおよび酵素からなる群から選択される1種の添加剤、ならびに追加的に少なくとも1種のヒドロキシカルボン酸を含む水相で前処理する工程と、
(b)前記前処理されたポリマー組成物をアシル化剤と反応させて、アシル化デンプンを得る工程と、
(c)工程(b)で得られた前記アシル化ポリマー組成物を、25℃で4.8以下のpKaを有する少なくとも1種の酸A’と水の存在下で反応させる工程と
を含む方法により得られ得る、50mPas以上の粘度(30℃でトリアセチン中10重量%)を有する、アミロースおよび/またはアミロペクチンを含むアシル化ポリマー組成物。 - 前記方法における原料として請求項14に記載のアミロースおよび/もしくはアミロペクチンを含む前記アシル化ポリマー組成物を使用する工程を含めて、インク、ワニス、ラッカー、コーティング、増粘剤、接着剤またはバインダーを得るための原料を得る工程を含む、インク、ワニス、ラッカー、コーティング、増粘剤、接着剤またはバインダーを製造する方法。
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