JP6525432B2 - 抗rankl抗体および使用方法 - Google Patents
抗rankl抗体および使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6525432B2 JP6525432B2 JP2016501297A JP2016501297A JP6525432B2 JP 6525432 B2 JP6525432 B2 JP 6525432B2 JP 2016501297 A JP2016501297 A JP 2016501297A JP 2016501297 A JP2016501297 A JP 2016501297A JP 6525432 B2 JP6525432 B2 JP 6525432B2
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Description
この出願は、2013年3月14日に出願された米国仮出願第61/786,050号(この出願は、その全体が参考として本明細書に援用される)に対する優先権を主張する。
本出願に関連する配列表は、ハードコピーの代わりにテキストフォーマットで提供し、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。配列表を含むテキストファイルの名前は、APEX_014_01WO_ST25.txtである。テキストファイルは117KBであり、2014年3月11日に作成され、EFS−Webにより電子出願した。
技術分野
本発明は、概して抗RANKL抗体、ならびにこれを使用する組成物および方法に関する。より詳しくは、本発明は、抗RANKL抗体およびそれらの製造および用途に関する。そのような抗体は、たとえば、骨転移等の種々の骨再吸収性疾患および腫瘍性疾患のいずれかを処置する方法において有用である。
骨の形態形成および再構築は、発達期および成人期を通して骨構造を代謝し、再構築する骨再吸収性破骨細胞および骨形成性骨芽細胞の協調作用により達成される。骨は、基本的多細胞単位と呼ばれる骨格内の特定の部位で、絶えず再吸収され、形成される。ヒトの体内の骨の総質量の10%が、毎年再構築されると推定される。活性化時、造血性単球/マクロファージ前駆体から区別する破骨細胞は、基本的多細胞単位に移動し、骨の一部を再吸収し、最後にはアポトーシスを起こす。続いて、前造骨性/間質細胞から発生する、新しく生成した骨芽細胞が、再吸収部位で骨を形成する。破骨細胞の発達は前造骨性細胞により制御され、その結果、骨の再吸収および形成のプロセスは強く協調され、したがって、骨形成の波を骨再吸収の各サイクルの後に続くようにする。骨芽細胞活性と破骨細胞活性との間のアンバランスにより、骨の質量の減少(骨粗鬆症)または増加(大理石骨病)を特徴とする、骨格異常になる可能性がある(Khosla、Endocrinology、2001、142、5050−5055、Nakashimaら、Curr.Opin.Rheumatol.、2003、15、280−287)。
例えば、本発明は以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
(i)配列番号:3で表されるVHCDR1領域と、配列番号:4で表されるVHCDR2領域と、配列番号:5で表されるVHCDR3領域とを含む重鎖可変領域と、(ii)配列番号:6または15で表されるVLCDR1領域と、配列番号:7で表されるVLCDR2領域と、配列番号:8で表されるVLCDR3領域とを含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、RANKLに結合する単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント、あるいは前記CDR領域における8個までのアミノ酸置換を除いて、(i)および(ii)の重鎖可変領域および軽鎖可変領域と同一の重鎖可変領域および軽鎖可変領域を含む前記抗体の改変体、またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目2)
前記重鎖可変領域が、配列番号:1で表されるアミノ酸配列を含む、項目1に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目3)
前記軽鎖可変領域が、配列番号:2で表されるアミノ酸配列を含む、項目1に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目4)
配列番号:1で表されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域を含む、RANKLに結合する単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目5)
配列番号:2で表されるアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、項目4に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目6)
配列番号:2で表されるアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、項目4に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目7)
配列番号:2で表されるアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、ヒトRANKLに結合する単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目8)
配列番号:1で表されるアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域を含む、項目7に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目9)
前記抗体がヒト化されている、項目1に記載の単離抗体。
(項目10)
(a)前記VH領域が配列番号:9で表されるアミノ酸配列を含み、前記VL領域が配列番号:10または11で表されるアミノ酸配列を含む、または(b)前記VH領域が配列番号:226で表されるアミノ酸配列を含み、前記VL領域が配列番号:227で表されるアミノ酸配列を含む、項目9に記載の単離抗体。
(項目11)
前記抗体が、単鎖抗体、ScFv、ヒンジ領域を欠く一価抗体、およびミニボディからなる群より選択される、項目1に記載の単離抗体。
(項目12)
前記抗体が、FabまたはFab’フラグメントである、項目1に記載の単離抗体。
(項目13)
前記抗体が、F(ab’) 2 フラグメントである、項目1に記載の単離抗体。
(項目14)
前記抗体が、全抗体である、項目1に記載の単離抗体。
(項目15)
ヒトIgG定常ドメインを含む、項目1に記載の単離抗体。
(項目16)
前記IgG定常ドメインが、IgG2 CH1ドメインを含む、項目15に記載の単離抗体。
(項目17)
前記IgG定常ドメインが、IgG2 Fc領域を含む、項目15に記載の単離抗体。
(項目18)
ヒトRANKLへの結合に関して、項目1に記載の抗体と競合する、単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目19)
約0.16nMまたはそれ未満のKDでRANKLを結合する、単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目20)
a.RANKLのRANKへの結合を妨害する、
b.RANKL誘発破骨細胞分化を阻害する、
c.破骨細胞活性を阻害する、
d.骨喪失を阻害し、かつ骨密度を増やす、
e.ヒト、げっ歯類およびサルのRANKLを結合し、かつそれを阻害する、または
f.a.〜e.のうちの任意の1つまたはそれより多くの組合わせを行う、
単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目21)
項目1または項目10に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントをコード化する、単離ポリヌクレオチド。
(項目22)
項目21に記載の単離ポリヌクレオチドを含む、発現ベクター。
(項目23)
項目22に記載のベクターを含む、単離宿主細胞。
(項目24)
生理的に許容され得る担体と、治療的有効量の項目1または項目10に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントとを含む、組成物。
(項目25)
骨減少性障害にかかっている患者を処置するための方法であって、前記患者に、項目24に記載の組成物を投与することにより、前記骨減少性障害を処置することを含む、方法。
(項目26)
前記骨減少性障害が、骨粗鬆症、歯周炎、癌関連骨転移、多発性骨髄腫、関節リウマチ、乾癬性関節炎、家族性膨張性骨溶解症、パジェット病、若年性パジェット病、破骨細胞腫、慢性ウィルス感染症ならびに成人性および小児性白血病に関連する骨喪失、ならびにプロテーゼ周囲の骨喪失からなる群より選択される、項目25に記載の方法。
(項目27)
(i)図1に示すVH領域のいずれか1つのVHCDR1、VHCDR2、およびVHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域と、(ii)図1に示す抗体のいずれか1つの対応VL領域のVLCDR1、VLCDR2、およびVLCDR3領域を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、RANKLに結合する単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント、または前記CDR領域における8個までのアミノ酸置換を除いて、(i)および(ii)の重鎖可変領域および軽鎖可変領域と同一の重鎖可変領域および軽鎖可変領域を含む前記抗体の改変体、またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目28)
図1に示すVH領域のいずれか1つを含む重鎖可変領域を含む、RANKLに結合する単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目29)
図1に示す対応VL領域に対して少なくとも90%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域をさらに含む、項目28に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目30)
図1に示す対応軽鎖可変領域をさらに含む、項目29に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目31)
図1に示すVL領域のいずれか1つを含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、RANKLに結合する単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目32)
図1に示す対応VH領域に対して少なくとも90%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域をさらに含む、項目31に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目33)
図1に示す対応重鎖可変領域をさらに含む、項目31に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
配列番号:1は、クローン23ウサギ抗RANKL抗体のVH領域のアミノ酸配列である。
本開示は、特定のエピトープ特異性および機能的特性を有する特定の抗体において、RANKLに特異的に結合する抗体およびその抗原結合フラグメントに関する。本発明の一実施形態は、RANKLに結合し、RANKとのRANKL結合を妨害し、RANK誘発下流域細胞のシグナル伝達および生物学的効果を阻害することができる特異的ヒト化抗体およびそのフラグメントを包含する。本発明のより詳しい実施形態では、本明細書で記載される抗体は、約0.16nMの親和性でRANKLに特異的に結合し、RANKへのRANKLの結合を妨害する。さらなる実施形態では、本明細書で記載される抗体は、約0.05nM〜約0.25nMの親和性でRANKLに特異的に結合し、RANKへのRANKLの結合を妨害する。他の実施形態では、本明細書に記載される抗体は、約0.08、0.09、0.095、0.11、0.12、0.13、0.14、0.15、0.16、0.17、0.18、0.19、または約0.2nM〜約0.25nMの親和性で、RANKLに特異的に結合する。さらなる実施形態では、本明細書に記載される抗体は、約0.16nMまたはそれ未満の親和性でRANKLに特異的に結合し、RANKへのRANKLの結合を妨害する。
本開示は、RANKL特異的抗体、その抗原結合フラグメントを含む組成物、および種々の治療的設定でのそのような組成物の投与を提供する。
抗RANKL抗体の生成とヒト化
4匹のニュージーランドホワイトウサギを、完全フロイントアジュバント中の組換えヒトRabFc−RANKLで皮下免疫化した。最も高い血清力価およびRANKL中性化活性を持つウサギを、細胞融合のための脾摘出術の4日前に、PBS中のRabFC−RANKLで静脈内追加免疫した。
脾細胞を免疫化ウサギから採取し、PEG4000(Sigma Chemical、St.Louis、MO)を使用して、ウサギプラズマ細胞腫細胞240E−W2で融合した。HAT(ハイポキサンチン、アミノプテリンおよびチミジン)による選択の後、元の96−ウェルプレート内で成長するハイブリドーマクローンを、溶媒変更で、新しい96−ウェルプレートに移した。ハイブリドーマ上澄み液を収集し、直接ELISAにおけるRANKLへの特異的結合に関してスクリーニングした。ELISA結合アッセイで陽性の120個のハイブリドーマを、機能的スクリーニングのために選択した。
初期機能的スクリーニングに関し、確認した120個の陽性クローンからの上澄み液を、FACSによりRANKL結合を、およびELISAにより中和RANKL/RANK結合を試験した。これらの実験により、56個のユニーク陽性クローンが同定され、さらに、これらの機能的活性をRAW細胞アッセイで試験した。RAW細胞アッセイにより、RANKLにより誘発されたRAW細胞破骨細胞分化の阻害を測定する。56個のクローンがRANKL活性を中和することが分かった。RANKL活性を中和したトップの40個のクローンを、さらなる機能的特徴付けのための分子クローニングおよび組換え発現のために、さらに選択した。図1Aおよび図1Bは、それぞれ、トップ40個のクローンのVHおよびVLのアミノ酸配列のアラインメントを示す。
トップ40個のクローンからのウサギIgGのL鎖のDNAフラグメントおよびH鎖の可変領域(VH)を、PCRによって増幅した。L鎖フラグメントを、I部位ではなく、Hind IIIで、pTT5ベクターにクローン化し、Hind IIIおよびKpn I部位で、VHフラグメントを、H鎖ビルトインpTT5ベクターの定常領域にクローン化した。各ハイブリドーマについて、LまたはH鎖の3個のDNAクローンを配列決定し、コンセンサス配列を持つプラスミドを、同定し、組換え発現のために使用した。組換え抗体を発現するために、LおよびH鎖プラスミドを、293−6E細胞(National Research Council Canada)に共遺伝子導入した。5日後、上澄み液を採取し、機能的アッセイの前に、ELISAアッセイを使用して定量化し、IgG濃度を測定した。
上述のように同定された、選択された抗RANKL抗体の潜在的効力を特徴付けるために、多くのアッセイを使用した。図2に示すように、流動細胞計測法を使用して、選択された抗RANKL抗体の細胞表面上のRANKLの結合を試験した。40個の抗RANKL抗体は全て、293個の細胞の表面で発現したRANKLに特異的に結合し、クローン23、408およびEBI−51−22は、40個のクローンの中で最も良好な結合を示した。さらに、図3で示すように、選択された抗RANKL抗体のRANKLの受容体へのRANKL結合の妨害を試験した。特に、R&D(8ug/ml)から購入したヒトRANKを、実験の16時間前に、96−ウェルプレートに塗布した。続いて、プレートを、種々の濃度の組換え抗RANKL抗体でプレインキュベートした、0.5ug/mlのRANKLを用い、37℃で30分処理した。マウス抗ヒトRANKL抗体を使用して塗布RANKに結合したRANKLを検出し、二次ヤギ抗マウスHRPを使用してシグナルを検出した。40個の抗RANKL抗体は、全て、RANKへのRANKLの結合を特異的に妨害し、クローン23、408およびEBI−51−22は、最も良好な妨害剤であった。
CDRをヒト生殖系列にグラフトすることにより、クローン23、408およびEBI−51−22をヒト化した。先ず、クローンの重鎖(VH)および軽鎖(VK)可変領域配列を、ヒト生殖系列VHおよびVKデータベースに対してブラストした。最も近いヒト生殖系列配列を同定し、ヒト化テンプレートとして使用した。次に、CDR接触または鎖間接触に潜在的に関与するフレームワーク領域内のウサギ残基を、ヒトおよびマウス抗体からの知識に基づいて同定した。抗体の構造的活性に重要でないと考えられる残基を、先のヒト化ウサギ抗体からの知識に基づいて同定した。
Mutational Lineage Guided(MLG)法を使用して、クローン23を、カッパ軽鎖を持つヒトIgG2サブクラスにヒト化し、408およびEBI−51−22を、ヒトIgG1サブクラスおよびカッパ軽鎖にヒト化した。MLG法は、ネズミ科由来抗体のヒト化で使用するCDRグラフト法とは、概念的および技術的両方で異なる。機能的抗体のパネルの生物学的および配列情報によりガイドされるヒト化は、ヒト化抗体において、完全な抗体活性の保持を可能にする。MLGでは、フレームワークにおける残基ばかりでなく、抗体のCDR領域における残基もヒト化される。DNAコード化ヒト化VK(クローン23のVK−HZDまたはVK−HZD−b)およびVH−HZDは、MCLab(South San Francisco、CA、USA)により合成した。ヒト化抗体を発現するために、ヒト化VKフラグメントをHind IIIおよびNhe IでヒトCKビルトインpTT5ベクターに、およびヒト化VHをHind IIIおよびBsiW I部位でヒトIgG2 CHビルトインpTT5ベクターにクローン化した。ヒトCKおよびIgG2 CHのDNAおよびアミノ酸配列を、定常領域に関して選択した。抗体のヒト化バージョンを、293−6E細胞中で発現させ、タンパク質Aカラムにより精製し、PBS緩衝液に対して透析した後、UV280により定量化した。
上述のように同定されたクローン23、408およびEBI−51−22ヒト化候補抗RANKL抗体の潜在的効力を特徴付けるために、多くのアッセイを使用した。特に、遺伝子導入された293細胞を使用して、ウサギ抗RANKL抗体およびそれらのヒト化対応物のRANKLを発現する細胞への結合を試験した(図6参照)。ヒト化23および408の結合親和性は、それらの親ウサギ抗体に近い。
インビボ効力をネズミ科骨粗鬆症モデルで評価した。4月齢の雌C57/BL6マウスを、卵巣切除(OVX)し、8匹の追加のマウスには偽手術した。次いで、ヒト化クローン23の試験のために、マウスを、以下の表4にまとめるように、8匹の6グループに分けた。
Claims (15)
- RANKLに結合する単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントであって、
(i)配列番号:3で表されるVHCDR1領域と、配列番号:4で表されるVHCDR2領域と、配列番号:5で表されるVHCDR3領域とを含む重鎖可変領域と、
(ii)配列番号:6または15で表されるVLCDR1領域と、配列番号:7で表されるVLCDR2領域と、配列番号:8で表されるVLCDR3領域とを含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、RANKLに結合する単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。 - 前記重鎖可変領域が、配列番号:1で表されるアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含み、そして前記軽鎖可変領域が、配列番号:2で表されるアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 請求項2に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントであって、ここで、前記重鎖可変領域が配列番号:1で表されるアミノ酸配列を含み、前記軽鎖可変領域が配列番号:2で表されるアミノ酸配列を含む、単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- (a)前記抗体がヒト化されており、(i)前記VH領域が配列番号:9で表されるアミノ酸配列を含み、前記VL領域が配列番号:10または11で表されるアミノ酸配列を含むか、または(ii)前記VH領域が配列番号:226で表されるアミノ酸配列を含み、前記VL領域が配列番号:227で表されるアミノ酸配列を含むか;あるいは
(b)前記抗体が、単鎖抗体、ScFv、ヒンジ領域を欠く一価抗体、およびミニボディからなる群より選択されるか;あるいは
(c)前記抗体が、FabまたはFab’フラグメントであるか;あるいは
(d)前記抗体が、F(ab’)2フラグメントであるか;あるいは
(e)前記抗体が、全抗体であるか;あるいは
(f)ヒトIgG定常ドメインを含み、前記IgG定常ドメインが、IgG2 CH1ドメインを含むか、または前記IgG定常ドメインが、IgG2 Fc領域を含む、
請求項1に記載の単離抗体。 - 請求項1または請求項4に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントをコード化する、単離ポリヌクレオチド、または前記単離ポリヌクレオチドを含む発現ベクター。
- 請求項5に記載のベクターを含む、単離宿主細胞。
- 生理的に許容され得る担体と、請求項1または請求項4に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントとを含む、組成物。
- 患者における骨減少性障害の処置における使用のための、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 請求項8に記載の組成物であって、ここで前記骨減少性障害が、骨粗鬆症、歯周炎、癌関連骨転移、多発性骨髄腫、関節リウマチ、乾癬性関節炎、家族性膨張性骨溶解症、パジェット病、若年性パジェット病、破骨細胞腫、慢性ウィルス感染症ならびに成人性および小児性白血病に関連する骨喪失、ならびにプロテーゼ周囲の骨喪失からなる群より選択される、組成物。
- RANKLに結合する単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントであって、
(i)配列番号:116で表されるVHCDR1領域と、配列番号:140で表されるVHCDR2領域と、配列番号:150で表されるVHCDR3領域とを含む重鎖可変領域と、
(ii)配列番号:171で表されるVLCDR1領域と、配列番号:180で表されるVLCDR2領域と、配列番号:212で表されるVLCDR3領域とを含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、RANKLに結合する単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。 - 請求項10に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントであって、ここで、前記重鎖可変領域が配列番号:39で表されるアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含み、前記軽鎖可変領域が配列番号:78で表されるアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 請求項10に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントであって、ここで、前記重鎖可変領域が配列番号:39で表されるアミノ酸配列を含み、前記軽鎖可変領域が配列番号:78で表されるアミノ酸配列を含む、単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- RANKLに結合する単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントであって、
(i)配列番号:115で表されるVHCDR1領域と、配列番号:145で表されるVHCDR2領域と、配列番号:148で表されるVHCDR3領域とを含む重鎖可変領域と、
(ii)配列番号:171で表されるVLCDR1領域と、配列番号:183で表されるVLCDR2領域と、配列番号:224で表されるVLCDR3領域とを含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、RANKLに結合する単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。 - 請求項13に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントであって、ここで、前記重鎖可変領域が配列番号:53で表されるアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含み、前記軽鎖可変領域が配列番号:92で表されるアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 請求項13に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントであって、ここで、前記重鎖可変領域が配列番号:53で表されるアミノ酸配列を含み、前記軽鎖可変領域が配列番号:92で表されるアミノ酸配列を含む、単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
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