JP6522652B2 - 選択触媒還元のための触媒及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
選択触媒還元のための触媒及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 115
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 16
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000333 cerium(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XQTIWNLDFPPCIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+) Chemical compound [Ce+3] XQTIWNLDFPPCIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 4
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WUOBERCRSABHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N diantimony Chemical compound [Sb]#[Sb] WUOBERCRSABHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IBYSTTGVDIFUAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium monoxide Chemical compound [V]=O IBYSTTGVDIFUAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004998 X ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 cerium ion Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000351 diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AHBGXHAWSHTPOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2$l^{4},4$l^{4}-dioxadistibetane 2,4-dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb](=O)=O AHBGXHAWSHTPOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021542 Vanadium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QUEDYRXQWSDKKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M [O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[OH-] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[OH-] QUEDYRXQWSDKKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ce+3].[Ce+3] DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITZXULOAYIAYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(4+) Chemical compound [Ce+4] ITZXULOAYIAYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZDYWEUILIUIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-J cerium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Ce+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VZDYWEUILIUIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910000421 cerium(III) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000355 cerium(IV) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- GRUMUEUJTSXQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium dioxide Chemical compound O=[V]=O GRUMUEUJTSXQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/053—Sulfates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
- B01J23/22—Vanadium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/20—Sulfiding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/206—Rare earth metals
- B01D2255/2065—Cerium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20723—Vanadium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
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- B01D2255/2098—Antimony
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Description
efficiency)を示すものであるため、排ガスの温度が300℃以上である場所に触媒を設置、又は300℃以下の低温で触媒を使用しようとする場合は、排ガスの温度を人為的に操作する必要があるという問題を持っている。
1.触媒
本発明の触媒は、担体、酸化バナジウム及び酸化セリウムを含むが、以下、これについて述べる。
本発明の触媒に含まれる担体は、触媒活性成分である酸化バナジウムを支持する。前記担体として使用可能な物質は、特に限定されないが、酸化チタン(TiO2)、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)、二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)、二酸化スズ(SnO2)、アルミナ(alumina)、及びこれらの複合体などが挙げられ、これらの中でも酸化チタン(TiO2)であることが望ましい。
上述した本発明の触媒を製造するため、先ず、担体、酸化バナジウム及び酸化セリウムを含む触媒を準備する。なお、原料触媒には酸化アンチモンをさらに含むことが望ましい。
[反応式]
2CeO2+3SO2+O2→Ce2(SO4)3
なお、昇温された原料触媒を二酸化硫黄(SO2)で処理する時、二酸化硫黄(SO2)の処理濃度は、特に限定されないが、硫酸セリウム(iii)が円滑に形成されるように、50〜1000ppmで処理することが望ましい。
酸化チタン86重量%(担体)、酸化バナジウム2重量%(触媒活性成分)、酸化アンチモン2重量%(助触媒)、酸化セリウム10重量%(助触媒)からなる原料触媒を、エアー雰囲気下で400℃に昇温させた(10℃/min)後、500ppmの二酸化硫黄で1時間処理して触媒を製造した。
[実施例2]
原料触媒を500℃に昇温させた後、二酸化硫黄で処理する以外は、実施例1と同様にして触媒を製造した。
[比較例1]
実施例1の原料触媒をそのまま適用した。
[比較例2]
原料触媒を180℃に昇温させた後、二酸化硫黄で処理する以外は、実施例1と同様にして触媒を製造した。
[比較例3]
原料触媒を300℃に昇温させた後、二酸化硫黄で処理する以外は、実施例1と同様にして触媒を製造した。
Pohang Accelerator Laboratoryのビームラインを用いて、実施例1、2及び比較例1〜3で製造された触媒の表面にX線を吸収させて表面のエレクトロンシフト(electron shift)移動変化(3d→4f orbital shift)を測定し、Total electron yieldを求め、図2に示す。
X線光電子分光分析装置(X―Ray photoelectron spectroscopy)(PHI 5800 ESCA)を用いて実施例2及び比較例1で製造された触媒のCe3+比率(ratio)を測定し、その結果を図3に示す。
固定層触媒反応装置に実施例1、2及び比較例1、3で製造された触媒をそれぞれ装入し、ガス分析装置で温度に応じた触媒の脱硝率を測定し、その結果を図4に示す。なお、脱硝反応の条件は、下記の通りである。
・還元剤:NH3 800ppm
・窒素酸化物(NOx)の濃度:800ppm
・二酸化硫黄(SO2)注入濃度:500ppm
・3vol%の酸素(O2)及び6vol%の水(H2O)を注入
・空間速度(SV):60,000h−1
固定層触媒反応装置に実施例1、2及び比較例3で製造された触媒をそれぞれ装入し、ガス分析装置で225℃で経時的な触媒の脱硝率を測定し、その結果を図5に示す。なお、脱硝反応の条件は、下記の通りである。
・還元剤:NH3 800ppm
・窒素酸化物(NOx)の濃度:800ppm
・二酸化硫黄(SO2)注入濃度:500ppm
・3vol%の酸素(O2)及び6vol%の水(H2O)を注入
・空間速度(SV):60,000h−1
TPD(Temperature Programmed Desorption)反応装置に実施例2及び比較例1で製造された触媒をそれぞれ装入し、常温で1時間NH3ガスを注入して触媒の表面にNH3を吸着させた後、触媒をパージして温度に応じたNH3の脱着量を質量分析装置で分析し、その結果を図6に示す。
TPD(Temperature Programmed Desorption)反応装置に実施例2及び比較例1で製造された触媒をそれぞれ装入し、常温で1時間NOガスを注入して触媒の表面にNOを吸着させた後、触媒をパージして温度に応じたNOの脱着量、及び触媒中のNOが吸着されてNO2に酸化する量を質量分析装置で分析し、その結果を図7に示す。
拡散反射FT−IR分析装置(DRIFTS:Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy)に実施例2及び比較例1の触媒をそれぞれ充填した後、NH3を注入して触媒表面の反応酸点(ブレンステッドーローリー酸点)を分析し、その結果を図8に示す。
Claims (3)
- a)担体、酸化バナジウム及び酸化セリウムを含む原料触媒を準備するステップと、
b)前記原料触媒を350〜600℃の温度に昇温させるステップと、
c)昇温された前記原料触媒を、二酸化硫黄(SO2)で処理して、前記担体に硫酸セリウム(iii)(cerium(iii) sulfate)を形成させるステップと、を含む、選択触媒還元法に適用するための触媒の製造方法。 - 前記ステップc)において、前記二酸化硫黄の処理濃度が、50〜1000ppmである、請求項1に記載の触媒の製造方法。
- 前記原料触媒が、酸化アンチモンをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の触媒の製造方法。
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KR1020140044116A KR101513834B1 (ko) | 2014-04-14 | 2014-04-14 | 선택적 촉매 환원을 위한 촉매 및 이의 제조방법 |
PCT/KR2014/005783 WO2015160035A1 (ko) | 2014-04-14 | 2014-06-30 | 선택적 촉매 환원을 위한 촉매 및 이의 제조방법 |
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CA1295598C (en) * | 1986-07-29 | 1992-02-11 | Makoto Imanari | Process for removing nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases |
JPS63147546A (ja) * | 1986-07-29 | 1988-06-20 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | 排ガス中の窒素酸化物の除去方法 |
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