JP6486721B2 - Air spring height adjustment device for railcar bogie - Google Patents

Air spring height adjustment device for railcar bogie Download PDF

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JP6486721B2
JP6486721B2 JP2015041567A JP2015041567A JP6486721B2 JP 6486721 B2 JP6486721 B2 JP 6486721B2 JP 2015041567 A JP2015041567 A JP 2015041567A JP 2015041567 A JP2015041567 A JP 2015041567A JP 6486721 B2 JP6486721 B2 JP 6486721B2
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和義 堀越
和義 堀越
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Japan Transport Engineering Co
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Description

本発明は、鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置に関し、特に、空気ばね高さを検知して、空気ばね高さを適切に調整する装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an air spring height adjusting device for a railway vehicle carriage, and more particularly to an apparatus for detecting an air spring height and adjusting the air spring height appropriately.

鉄道車両の台車に対し車体を支持するための機構として、空気ばねが広く実用化されている。空気ばねは、一つの台車毎に左右二か所に設けられており、乗客数の変動や、曲線上での車両停止時等、空気ばねに負荷される荷重が変化する場合においても、空気ばねの高さを適切に調整することで、車体がまくら木と平行な姿勢を維持することが可能となる。又、曲線区間の走行中に、左右の空気ばねの高さを調整することで車体を旋回中心側へと意図的に傾け、乗員に掛る遠心力を軽減させるように制御することも可能である。このように、空気ばねに高さ調整機能を与えることで、鉄道車両の走行性能や乗員の快適性を高めることが可能となる。   An air spring has been widely put into practical use as a mechanism for supporting a vehicle body with respect to a bogie of a railway vehicle. Air springs are provided at two locations on the left and right for each carriage. Even when the load applied to the air spring changes, such as when the number of passengers changes or the vehicle stops on a curve, the air spring By appropriately adjusting the height of the vehicle body, the vehicle body can maintain a posture parallel to the sleeper. It is also possible to control to reduce the centrifugal force applied to the occupant by intentionally tilting the vehicle body toward the turning center side by adjusting the height of the left and right air springs while traveling in a curved section. . Thus, by providing the air spring with a height adjustment function, it becomes possible to improve the running performance of the railway vehicle and the comfort of the passengers.

鉄道車両用台車の空気ばねと空気ばね高さ調整装置は、従来、図４に示されるような構成を有している。図４（ａ）に示される鉄道車両用台車１０の空気ばね１２は、概略的には、図４（ｂ）に示されるように、平面視円環状かつ半径方向内側に開放端を有するＣ字断面形状のゴムベローズ１４と、ゴムベローズ１４の開放端を上下方向から挟んで密閉する一対の対向面板（上面板、下面板）１６、１８とからなるダイヤフラム形をなしており、対向面板１６、１８の一方又は双方に開口する通気口（上面板通気口、下面板通気口）２０、２２を備えている。
又、空気ばね高さ調整装置２４は、空気ばね１２の上面板通気口２０を介して空気ばね１２の内室と連通する吸排気配管２６と、吸排気配管２６に対する圧縮空気の供給源２８（図１参照）及び吸排気弁３０と、吸排気弁３０の制御装置３２とを含んでいる。 Conventionally, an air spring and an air spring height adjusting device for a railcar bogie have a configuration as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4B, the air spring 12 of the railcar carriage 10 shown in FIG. 4A is generally C-shaped having an annular shape in plan view and an open end radially inward. It has a diaphragm shape comprising a rubber bellows 14 having a cross-sectional shape and a pair of opposed surface plates (upper surface plate, lower surface plate) 16 and 18 that are sealed by sandwiching the open end of the rubber bellows 14 from above and below. Ventilation holes (upper surface plate ventilation holes, lower surface plate ventilation holes) 20, 22 are provided in one or both of the air holes 18.
The air spring height adjusting device 24 includes an intake / exhaust pipe 26 that communicates with the inner chamber of the air spring 12 through the top plate vent 20 of the air spring 12, and a compressed air supply source 28 ( 1) and an intake / exhaust valve 30 and a control device 32 for the intake / exhaust valve 30.

空気ばね１２の下面板１８の更に下方には、平面視円環状の積層ゴム３４が配置されている。そして、図４の例では、積層ゴム３４の内側空間と下面板通気口２２とが連通している。又、積層ゴム３４の内側空間を塞ぐ端板３６と、端板に設けられた通気口（端板通気口）３８と、端板通気口３８に連通する補助空気室４０とを備えている。補助空気室４０は、鉄道車両用台車１０の台車枠１０ａ内部に構成されている。
吸排気弁３０は、鉄道車両の車体１１（図４（ａ）に概略的に示す。）側に固定されており、吸排気弁３０の操作ハンドル３０ａと鉄道車両用台車１０の台車枠１０ａとがリンク４２によって接続されている。そして、空気ばね１２の高さが変化して、車体１１と鉄道車両用台車１０との距離が変化することで、制御装置３２は、リンク４２を介して吸排気弁３０を機械的に作動させることで、機械式の空気ばね高さ検知機構が構成されている。 A laminated rubber 34 having an annular shape in plan view is disposed further below the bottom plate 18 of the air spring 12. In the example of FIG. 4, the inner space of the laminated rubber 34 communicates with the bottom plate vent 22. Further, an end plate 36 that closes the inner space of the laminated rubber 34, a vent (end plate vent) 38 provided in the end plate, and an auxiliary air chamber 40 that communicates with the end plate vent 38 are provided. The auxiliary air chamber 40 is configured inside the bogie frame 10 a of the bogie 10 for rail vehicles.
The intake / exhaust valve 30 is fixed to the side of the vehicle body 11 (shown schematically in FIG. 4A) of the railway vehicle, and includes an operation handle 30a of the intake / exhaust valve 30 and a bogie frame 10a of the bogie 10 for the railway vehicle. Are connected by a link 42. The control device 32 mechanically operates the intake / exhaust valve 30 via the link 42 by changing the height of the air spring 12 and changing the distance between the vehicle body 11 and the railway vehicle carriage 10. Thus, a mechanical air spring height detection mechanism is configured.

具体的には、車体１１と鉄道車両用台車１０との距離が定常状態よりも増大し、空気ばね１２の高さが定常状態よりも高くなると、吸排気弁３０の操作ハンドル３０ａはリンク４２によって引き下げ方向に作動し、吸排気弁３０の排気ポートが開放される。空気ばね１２の内室の空気は、吸排気配管２６から吸排気弁３０の排気ポートを介して排気され（符号Ａｏ）、空気ばね１２の高さが減少する。そして、車体１１と鉄道車両用台車１０との距離が定常状態へと復帰するに従い、吸排気弁３０の操作ハンドル３０ａはリンク４２によって定常位置に戻され、吸排気弁３０の排気ポートが閉じられ、排気が停止する。
一方、車体１１と鉄道車両用台車１０との距離が定常状態よりも減少し、空気ばね１２の高さが定常状態よりも低くなると、吸排気弁３０の操作ハンドル３０ａはリンク４２によって持ち上げ方向に作動し、吸排気弁３０の給気ポートが開放される。これにより、圧縮空気の供給源２８（図１参照）から空気ばね１２の室内へと圧縮空気が供給される（符号Ａｉ）。そして、空気ばね１２の高さが増大し、車体１１と鉄道車両用台車１０との距離が定常状態へと復帰するに従い、吸排気弁３０の操作ハンドル３０ａはリンク４２によって定常位置に戻され、吸排気弁３０の給気ポートが閉じられ、空気ばねへの給気が停止する。 Specifically, when the distance between the vehicle body 11 and the railcar bogie 10 increases from the steady state and the height of the air spring 12 becomes higher than the steady state, the operation handle 30a of the intake / exhaust valve 30 is moved by the link 42. The exhaust port of the intake / exhaust valve 30 is opened by operating in the pulling-down direction. The air in the inner chamber of the air spring 12 is exhausted from the intake / exhaust pipe 26 via the exhaust port of the intake / exhaust valve 30 (reference Ao), and the height of the air spring 12 decreases. As the distance between the vehicle body 11 and the railway vehicle carriage 10 returns to the steady state, the operation handle 30a of the intake / exhaust valve 30 is returned to the steady position by the link 42, and the exhaust port of the intake / exhaust valve 30 is closed. The exhaust stops.
On the other hand, when the distance between the vehicle body 11 and the railcar bogie 10 decreases from the steady state and the height of the air spring 12 becomes lower than the steady state, the operation handle 30a of the intake / exhaust valve 30 is lifted by the link 42. The air supply port of the intake / exhaust valve 30 is opened. Thus, compressed air is supplied from the compressed air supply source 28 (see FIG. 1) into the air spring 12 (reference Ai). Then, as the height of the air spring 12 increases and the distance between the vehicle body 11 and the railcar carriage 10 returns to the steady state, the operation handle 30a of the intake / exhaust valve 30 is returned to the steady position by the link 42, The air supply port of the intake / exhaust valve 30 is closed, and the air supply to the air spring is stopped.

なお、図４の例と異なり、空気ばね１２の内部に非接触式の高さ測定機構や光学式高さセンサ等を設置した事例もある（例えば、特許文献１、２参照）   In addition, unlike the example of FIG. 4, there is an example in which a non-contact type height measuring mechanism, an optical height sensor, or the like is installed inside the air spring 12 (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).

特開平４−２６６６３２号公報JP-A-4-266632 特開平８−１２１５２１号公報JP-A-8-121521

ところで、図４に示される、機械式の空気ばね高さ検知機構が構成された従来の制御装置３２は、部品数の増大や複雑化を招くものである。特に、心皿を排したボルスタレス台車に採用された場合には、車体１１に対する鉄道車両用台車１０の回転方向の移動に伴い、空気ばね１２にねじれ・変形が生じるため、この時の変位を吸収するためにリンク４２を構成する部材が長大となり、制御装置３２の構成をより複雑なものとしている。
一方、空気ばね１２の内部に非接触式の高さ測定機構や光学式高さセンサ等の高さ検知手段を設置した例は、空気ばね１２には高い気密性が要求されることから、空気ばね１２自体の構造が複雑化し、空気ばね及び高さ検知手段のメンテナンスが困難になるといった問題がある。 Incidentally, the conventional control device 32 configured with the mechanical air spring height detection mechanism shown in FIG. 4 causes an increase in the number of components and complexity. In particular, when it is adopted in a bolsterless bogie with the center plate removed, the air spring 12 is twisted and deformed as the railcar bogie 10 moves in the rotational direction with respect to the vehicle body 11, so that the displacement at this time is absorbed. Therefore, the members constituting the link 42 are long, which makes the configuration of the control device 32 more complicated.
On the other hand, in the example in which the air spring 12 is provided with a height detecting means such as a non-contact type height measuring mechanism or an optical height sensor, the air spring 12 is required to have high airtightness. There is a problem in that the structure of the spring 12 itself is complicated, and maintenance of the air spring and the height detection means becomes difficult.

本発明は上記課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置において、空気ばねの構造及び制御装置の複雑化を来すことなく、空気ばね高さを検知して、空気ばね高さを適切に調整することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and the object of the present invention is to adjust the structure of the air spring and the control device without complicating the structure in the air spring height adjusting device for a railway vehicle carriage. It is to detect the air spring height and adjust the air spring height appropriately.

（発明の態様）
以下の発明の態様は、本発明の構成を例示するものであり、本発明の多様な構成の理解を容易にするために、項別けして説明するものである。各項は、本発明の技術的範囲を限定するものではなく、発明を実施するための最良の形態を参酌しつつ、各項の構成要素の一部を置換し、削除し、又は、更に他の構成要素を付加したものについても、本願発明の技術的範囲に含まれ得るものである。 (Aspect of the Invention)
The following aspects of the present invention exemplify the configuration of the present invention, and will be described separately for easy understanding of various configurations of the present invention. Each section does not limit the technical scope of the present invention, and some of the components of each section are replaced, deleted, or further while referring to the best mode for carrying out the invention. Those to which the above components are added can also be included in the technical scope of the present invention.

（１）平面視円環状かつ半径方向内側に開放端を有するＣ字断面形状のゴムベローズと、該ゴムベローズの開放端を上下方向から挟んで密閉する一対の対向面板と、該対向面板の一方又は双方に開口する通気口とを備える空気ばねと、前記通気口を介して前記空気ばね内室と連通する吸排気配管と、該吸排気配管に対する圧縮空気の供給源及び吸排気弁と、該吸排気弁の制御装置とを含み、前記吸排気配管内に、前記空気ばね内室ヘと向けて光を照射する光波測距義が配置され、前記制御装置は、前記光波測距義の検知信号に応じて前記吸排気弁を制御する制御ロジックを備える鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置（請求項１）。   (1) A rubber bellows having a C-shaped cross section having an annular end in the plan view and having an open end radially inward, a pair of opposing face plates that seal the open end of the rubber bellows from above and below, and one of the facing face plates Or an air spring provided with a vent opening opened on both sides, an intake / exhaust pipe communicating with the air spring inner chamber via the vent, a supply source of compressed air to the intake / exhaust pipe and an intake / exhaust valve, A light-wave ranging sense that irradiates light toward the air spring inner chamber is disposed in the intake / exhaust piping, and the control device detects the light-wave ranging sense signal. An air spring height adjusting device for a railway vehicle carriage comprising a control logic for controlling the intake / exhaust valve according to the above (claim 1).

本項に記載の鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置は、空気ばね内部に光波測距義を設置することなく、吸排気配管内に配置し、光波測距義から吸排気配管の管内空間を介して、空気ばね内室ヘと向けて光を照射することにより、空気ばねの対向面板の距離、即ち、空気ばねの高さを計測するものである。そして、制御装置は、光波測距義の検知信号に応じて吸排気弁を制御する制御ロジックを備えることで、空気ばねの高さ調整が適切に行われるものである。光波測距義には、例えば、レーザー式の光学センサ等が用いられる。   The air spring height adjustment device for a railcar bogie described in this section is arranged in the intake / exhaust pipe without installing the light wave distance measuring means inside the air spring, and the inside space of the air intake / exhaust pipe from the light wave distance measuring meaning By irradiating light toward the air spring inner chamber through the air spring, the distance between the opposed face plates of the air spring, that is, the height of the air spring is measured. And a control apparatus is provided with the control logic which controls an intake / exhaust valve according to the detection signal of a light wave ranging sense, and the height adjustment of an air spring is performed appropriately. For example, a laser-type optical sensor or the like is used for light wave distance measurement.

（２）上記（１）項において、前記吸排気配管には、前記対向面板のうち上面板の通気口と連通する吸気座を含み、該吸気座にエルボが形成され、前記光波測距義は、前記吸排気配管の中間部に設けられた分岐部に、その光の出射方向が前記吸気座の前記エルボの一端側開口へ向けて光を照射するようにして、配置され、前記吸気座のエルボには、前記光波測距義から出射される光の光路を前記下面板へ向けて屈折させる反射板が配置されている鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置（請求項２）。
本項に記載の鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置は、光波測距義を、空気ばね内部に設置することなく吸排気配管の中間部に設けられた分岐部に配置し、光波測距義から吸排気配管の管内空間を介して、空気ばね内室へと向けて光を照射するものである。又、空気ばねの対向面板のうち上面板の通気口と連通する吸気座には、エルボが形成されており、このエルボに反射板が設置される。光波測距義の光の出射方向は、吸気座のエルボの一端側開口へ向けて光を出射するように設定されており、吸気座のエルボに配置された反射板により、光波測距義から出射される光を下面板へ向けて屈折させることで、光波測距義から出射される光は、下面板に照射される。下面板に照射された光は下面板によって反射され、再び吸気座のエルボに配置された反射板へと向かう。そして、下面板によって反射された光は、反射板によって光波測距義へ向けて光が反射され、光波測距義はこの反射光を受光し、空気ばねの高さが計測されるものである。 (2) In the above item (1), the intake / exhaust pipe includes an intake seat that communicates with a vent of an upper surface plate of the opposed face plate, and an elbow is formed on the intake seat. The light emitting direction of the light emitting direction of the elbow of the intake seat is radiated to a branch portion provided in an intermediate portion of the intake and exhaust pipes, The elbow is provided with an air spring height adjusting device for a railway vehicle carriage in which a reflecting plate that refracts the optical path of the light emitted from the light wave distance measuring sense toward the lower surface plate is arranged (Claim 2).
The air spring height adjustment device for a railcar bogie described in this section arranges the light wave distance measurement at a branch portion provided in an intermediate portion of the intake / exhaust pipe without being installed inside the air spring. Light is irradiated from the distance toward the air spring inner chamber through the inner space of the intake / exhaust pipe. An elbow is formed in an air intake seat communicating with the vent of the upper surface plate of the opposed surface plates of the air spring, and a reflecting plate is installed on the elbow. The light emission direction for light wave distance measurement is set to emit light toward the opening on the one end side of the elbow of the air intake seat. By refracting the emitted light toward the lower surface plate, the light emitted from the lightwave distance measuring sense is applied to the lower surface plate. The light irradiated to the lower surface plate is reflected by the lower surface plate and travels again to the reflection plate disposed in the elbow of the intake seat. The light reflected by the lower surface plate is reflected by the reflecting plate toward the light wave distance measuring meaning, and the light wave distance measuring light receives the reflected light and the height of the air spring is measured. .

（３）上記（２）項において、前記光波測距義と前記反射板とが、前記吸気座に連結される管部材に固定されている鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置（請求項３）。
本項に記載の鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置は、光波測距義と反射板とが、吸気座に連結される管部材に固定されることによって、光波測距義と反射板とは、この管部材ごと吸気座に対して着脱される。又、この管部材に光波測距義と鏡とが一体に固定されることで、管部材ごと、吸排気配管を構成する他の管部材に対する着脱と、光波測距義及び鏡の位置決めとを行うものとなる。光波測距義と反射板との位置関係が管部材によって固定されることから、光波測距義から出射された光が反射板によって反射され光路変更される方向を、管部材を吸気座に対し適切に連結させることのみによって、最適に設定するものとなる。 (3) In the above paragraph (2), the air spring height adjustment device for a railway vehicle carriage in which the light wave distance measuring definition and the reflecting plate are fixed to a pipe member connected to the air intake seat. 3).
The air spring height adjusting device for a railcar bogie described in this section is configured such that the lightwave distance measuring device and the reflecting plate are fixed to the pipe member connected to the air intake seat, so that the lightwave distance measuring device and the reflecting plate are fixed. Is attached to and detached from the intake seat together with the pipe member. In addition, the light wave distance measuring definition and the mirror are integrally fixed to the tube member, so that the tube member can be attached to and detached from other tube members constituting the intake / exhaust piping, and the light wave distance measuring definition and the mirror positioning. To do. Since the positional relationship between the light wave distance measuring definition and the reflecting plate is fixed by the tube member, the direction in which the light emitted from the light wave distance measuring light is reflected by the reflecting plate and the optical path is changed is determined with respect to the air intake seat. It can be set optimally only by connecting them appropriately.

（４）上記（１）項において、前記吸排気配管には、前記上面板の通気口と連通する吸気座を含み、該吸気座にエルボが形成され、前記光波測距義は前記エルボに、その光の出射方向が、前記下面板へ向けて光を照射するようにして配置されている鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置（請求項４）。
本項に記載の鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置は、光波測距義を、空気ばね内部に設置することなく上面板の通気口と連通する吸気座のエルボに配置し、光波測距義から吸排気配管の管内空間を介して、空気ばね内室へと向けて光を照射するものである。そして、光波測距義の光の出射方向が、下面板へ向けて光を照射するようにして配置され、光波測距義から出射される光は、吸排気配管を介して空気ばね内室へと向かい、下面板に照射される。下面板に照射された光は下面板によって反射され、再び吸気座のエルボに配置された光波測距義へと向かう。そして、光波測距義はこの反射光を受光し、空気ばねの高さが計測されるものである。 (4) In the above item (1), the intake / exhaust pipe includes an intake seat communicating with the vent of the upper surface plate, and an elbow is formed in the intake seat, and the light wave distance measurement is defined in the elbow, An air spring height adjusting device for a railway vehicle carriage arranged such that the light emission direction irradiates light toward the lower surface plate (Claim 4).
The air spring height adjustment device for a railcar bogie described in this section is arranged so that the light wave distance measurement is placed on the elbow of the intake seat that communicates with the vent of the top plate without being installed inside the air spring. Light is irradiated from the distance toward the air spring inner chamber through the inner space of the intake / exhaust pipe. Then, the light emission direction of the light wave distance measurement is arranged so that the light is emitted toward the lower surface plate, and the light emitted from the light wave distance measurement light passes through the intake / exhaust pipe to the air spring inner chamber. The bottom plate is irradiated. The light irradiated on the lower surface plate is reflected by the lower surface plate and travels again toward the light wave distance measuring sense disposed on the elbow of the intake seat. The light wave distance measurement senses the reflected light and measures the height of the air spring.

（５）上記（１）項において、前記吸排気配管には、前記上面板の通気口と連通する吸気座と、前記下面板の下方に積層される平面視円環状の積層ゴムの内側空間と、前記下面板に形成され前記積層ゴムの内側空間と連通する通気口と、前記積層ゴムの内側空間を塞ぐ端板と、該端板に設けられた通気口と、該端板に設けられた通気口に連通する補助空気室とを含み、該補助空気室には前記端板に設けられた通気口と連通する通気路が形成され、前記光波測距義は、前記補助空気室の通気路に、その光の出射方向が前記積層ゴムの内側空間及び前記下面板に形成された通気口を介して、前記上面板へ向けて光を照射するようして、配置されている鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置（請求項５）。
本項に記載の鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置は、光波測距義を、空気ばね内部に設置することなく補助空気室の通気路に配置し、光波測距義から吸排気配管の管内空間を介して、空気ばね内室へと向けて光を照射するものである。そして、光波測距義の光の出射方向が、上面板へ向けて光を照射するようにして配置されることで、光波測距義から照射される光は、補助空気室の通気路から、端板に設けられた通気口、積層ゴムの内側空間及び下面板に形成された通気口を介して空気ばね内室へと向かい、上面板に照射される。上面板に照射された光は上面板によって反射され、再び補助空気室の通気路に配置された光波測距義へと向かう。そして、光波測距義はこの反射光を、下面板に形成された通気口及び積層ゴムの内側空間を通して受光し、空気ばねの高さが計測されるものである。 (5) In the above item (1), the intake and exhaust pipes include an intake seat that communicates with the vent of the upper surface plate, and an inner space of an annular laminated rubber that is laminated below the lower surface plate in plan view. A vent formed in the bottom plate and communicating with the inner space of the laminated rubber, an end plate closing the inner space of the laminated rubber, a vent provided in the end plate, and provided in the end plate An auxiliary air chamber that communicates with the vent hole, and the auxiliary air chamber includes a vent path that communicates with the vent hole provided in the end plate. Further, the railcar carriage is arranged such that the light is emitted toward the upper surface plate through the vent formed in the inner space of the laminated rubber and the lower surface plate. A device for adjusting the height of an air spring (claim 5).
The air spring height adjustment device for a railcar bogie described in this section is arranged such that the light wave distance measuring device is arranged in the air passage of the auxiliary air chamber without being installed inside the air spring, and the light wave distance measuring device is connected to the intake / exhaust pipe. The light is irradiated toward the air spring inner chamber through the inner space of the tube. And the light emitting direction of the light wave ranging definition is arranged so as to irradiate the light toward the upper surface plate, so that the light emitted from the light wave ranging definition is from the air passage of the auxiliary air chamber, The air travels toward the air spring inner chamber through the vent provided in the end plate, the inner space of the laminated rubber, and the vent formed in the lower plate, and is irradiated to the upper plate. The light irradiated on the upper surface plate is reflected by the upper surface plate, and again travels toward the light wave distance measuring sense disposed in the ventilation path of the auxiliary air chamber. In the light wave distance measurement sense, this reflected light is received through the vent formed in the bottom plate and the inner space of the laminated rubber, and the height of the air spring is measured.

本発明はこのように構成したので、空気ばねの構造及び制御装置の複雑化を来すことなく、空気ばね高さを検知し、空気ばね高さを適切に調整することが可能となる。   Since the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to detect the height of the air spring and adjust the height of the air spring appropriately without complicating the structure of the air spring and the control device.

本発明の実施の形態に係る、鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置の模式図である。It is a mimetic diagram of an air spring height adjustment device of a bogie for rail vehicles concerning an embodiment of the invention. 本発明の実施の形態に係る、鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置の、応用例に係る吸気座の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the air intake seat which concerns on the application example of the air spring height adjustment apparatus of the bogie for rail vehicles based on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態に係る、鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置の、更に別の応用例の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of still another application example of the air spring height adjusting device for a railcar bogie according to the embodiment of the present invention. （ａ）は従来の空気ばね高さ調整装置を備える鉄道車両用台車の側面図であり、（ｂ）は従来の空気ばね高さ調整装置の模式図である。(A) is a side view of the bogie for rail vehicles provided with the conventional air spring height adjustment apparatus, (b) is a schematic diagram of the conventional air spring height adjustment apparatus.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態を添付図面に基づいて説明する。ここで、従来技術と同一部分、若しくは、相当する部分については同一符号で示し、詳しい説明を省略する。   The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, parts that are the same as or correspond to those in the prior art are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

本発明の実施の形態に係る鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置は、図１に示されるように、空気ばね１２と、空気ばね１２の上面板１６の通気口２０を介して空気ばね１２の内室と連通する吸排気配管２６と、吸排気配管２６に対する圧縮空気の供給源２８及び吸排気弁３０と、吸排気弁３０の制御装置３３とを含むものである。本説明では、補助空気室４０を含む場合には（図３、図４参照）、空気ばね１２と補助空気室４０とを連通する配管系統も含めて、空気ばね１２に対し圧縮空気を吸排気するすべての配管系統が、吸排気配管２６に含まれる。   As shown in FIG. 1, an air spring height adjusting device for a railcar bogie according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an air spring 12 and an air spring 12 through a vent hole 20 of an upper surface plate 16 of the air spring 12. 12 includes an intake / exhaust pipe 26 communicating with the inner chamber 12, a supply source 28 of compressed air to the intake / exhaust pipe 26, an intake / exhaust valve 30, and a controller 33 for the intake / exhaust valve 30. In this description, when the auxiliary air chamber 40 is included (see FIGS. 3 and 4), compressed air is sucked into and exhausted from the air spring 12, including the piping system that connects the air spring 12 and the auxiliary air chamber 40. All the piping systems to be included are included in the intake / exhaust piping 26.

空気ばね１２は、平面視円環状かつ半径方向内側に開放端を有するＣ字断面形状のゴムベローズ１４と、ゴムベローズ１４の開放端を上下方向から挟んで密閉する一対の対向面板１６、１８と、上面板１６に開口する上面板通気口２０及び下面板１８に開口する下面板通気口２２とを含むものである。
吸排気配管２６は金属管により構成されており、空気ばね１２の上面板通気口１６と連通する吸気座４４を含んでいる。すなわち、吸気座４４は、吸排気配管２６の構成部材である。又、吸気座４４には、上面板１６の通気口２０と連通するためのエルボ４４ａが形成されており、鉄道車両の車体１１側に固定されている。 The air spring 12 has a C-shaped cross-sectional rubber bellows 14 having an annular end in a plan view and an open end radially inward, and a pair of opposed face plates 16 and 18 that seal the open end of the rubber bellows 14 from above and below. The upper surface plate vent 20 opening to the upper surface plate 16 and the lower surface plate vent 22 opening to the lower surface plate 18 are included.
The intake / exhaust pipe 26 is made of a metal pipe, and includes an intake seat 44 that communicates with the top plate vent 16 of the air spring 12. That is, the intake seat 44 is a constituent member of the intake / exhaust pipe 26. Further, the intake seat 44 is formed with an elbow 44a for communicating with the vent hole 20 of the upper surface plate 16, and is fixed to the vehicle body 11 side of the railway vehicle.

給気座４４と接続する吸排気配管２６を構成する管部材２６Ａは、吸気座４４から直線状に延び、吸気座４４と対向する端部に、分岐部（Ｔ継手）４６が配置されている。そして、分岐部４６から分岐した枝管２６Ｂが、圧縮空気の供給源２８に接続されている。又、分岐部４６の給気座４４と対向する開口部には、光波測距義４８が、光Ｌの出射方向を、吸気座４４に設けられたエルボ４４ａの一端側開口へ向けるようにして、配置されている。   The pipe member 26 </ b> A constituting the intake / exhaust pipe 26 connected to the air supply seat 44 extends linearly from the intake seat 44, and a branch portion (T joint) 46 is disposed at an end facing the intake seat 44. . A branch pipe 26 </ b> B branched from the branch portion 46 is connected to the compressed air supply source 28. Further, in the opening portion of the branching portion 46 facing the air supply seat 44, the light wave distance measuring device 48 directs the emission direction of the light L to one end side opening of the elbow 44 a provided in the intake seat 44. Have been placed.

更に、吸気座４４のエルボ４４ａには、光波測距義４８から照射される光Ｌの光路を下面板１８へ向けて屈折させるための、反射板５０が配置されている。反射板５０には鏡等光の反射率が高いものが用いられる。又、反射板５０は、エルボ４４ａの屈折部分に、エルボ４４ａにおける圧縮空気の流通を阻害することのないように配置されている。エルボ４４ａ内部における反射板５０の設置方法は適宜選択可能であるが、例えば、エルボ４４ａの一旦側開口から、適切な取り付けブラケットと共にエルボ４４ａ内部に挿入され、接着等により固定される。又は、エルボ４４ａに対して反射板５０を容易に設置可能とするために、吸気座４４を複数の部品からなる分割構造とすることとしても良い。   Further, the elbow 44 a of the intake seat 44 is provided with a reflecting plate 50 for refracting the optical path of the light L emitted from the light wave distance measuring device 48 toward the lower surface plate 18. As the reflecting plate 50, a mirror or the like having a high light reflectance is used. Further, the reflecting plate 50 is arranged in the refracted portion of the elbow 44a so as not to hinder the flow of compressed air in the elbow 44a. The installation method of the reflector 50 in the elbow 44a can be selected as appropriate. For example, the reflector 50 is inserted into the elbow 44a together with an appropriate mounting bracket from the side opening of the elbow 44a, and fixed by adhesion or the like. Or in order to make it easy to install the reflecting plate 50 with respect to the elbow 44a, the intake seat 44 may be divided into a plurality of parts.

なお、光波測距義４８と反射板５０とが、いずれも吸気座４４に連結される管部材２６Ａに対し固定されるように構成すれば、光波測距義４８と反射板５０とは、管部材２６Ａと一体に、吸気座４４及び枝管２６Ｂに対して着脱可能となる。この場合、管部材２６Ａの反射板５０が取り付けられた側の端部は、吸気座４４のエルボ４４ａ内まで挿入される。
又、管部材２６Ａに対する反射板５０の固定方法は、例えば、管部材２６Ａの端部を斜めに切り落として形成される傾斜面に、反射板５０を固定する等が挙げられる。更に、固定された反射板５０と対向する管部材２６Ａの管壁に開口を設けることで、圧縮空気の流通路を確保することも可能となる。更に、分岐部４６に対する光波測距義４８の固定方法は、適切なブラケットや継手を用いることで、分岐部４６に対して着脱可能とする。
又、反射板５０による光Ｌの反射方向の調整を適切に行うために、吸気座４４と管部材２６Ａとの接続部には、管部材２６Ａの周方向の角度調整が容易な、ブシュねじ、ユニオン継手等を用いた適切な継手構造が採用される。 It should be noted that if the light wave distance measuring device 48 and the reflecting plate 50 are both configured to be fixed to the tube member 26A connected to the intake seat 44, the light wave distance measuring device 48 and the reflecting plate 50 are connected to the tube member 26A. It can be attached to and detached from the intake seat 44 and the branch pipe 26B integrally with the member 26A. In this case, the end of the pipe member 26 </ b> A on the side where the reflecting plate 50 is attached is inserted into the elbow 44 a of the intake seat 44.
Further, as a method for fixing the reflecting plate 50 to the tube member 26A, for example, the reflecting plate 50 may be fixed to an inclined surface formed by obliquely cutting off an end portion of the tube member 26A. Furthermore, by providing an opening in the tube wall of the tube member 26A facing the fixed reflector 50, it is possible to secure a flow path for compressed air. Furthermore, the fixing method of the optical distance measuring device 48 with respect to the branch part 46 can be attached to and detached from the branch part 46 by using an appropriate bracket or joint.
In order to appropriately adjust the reflection direction of the light L by the reflecting plate 50, a bush screw, which is easy to adjust the angle in the circumferential direction of the pipe member 26A, is provided at the connection portion between the intake seat 44 and the pipe member 26A. An appropriate joint structure using a union joint or the like is employed.

又、図１の例において、吸排気弁３０は電磁弁であり、制御装置３３は、光波測距義４８の検知信号に応じて吸排気弁３０を制御する、制御ロジック３３ａを備える電子演算器により構成されている。又、図１中に符号５２で示される要素は、光波測距義４８からの検知信号を適宜増幅し、制御装置３３に送信するための、中継リレーである。なお、制御装置３３は、例えば鉄道車両の制御装置内に、当該機能部を設定することとしても良い。
下面板１８の光の反射面は、光Ｌが効率的に反射されるように、黒色よりも明度の高い色で構成されるか、若しくは、表面に、縞模様、同心円模様、メッシュ模様等が描かれていることが望ましい。 In the example of FIG. 1, the intake / exhaust valve 30 is an electromagnetic valve, and the control device 33 is an electronic computing unit including a control logic 33 a that controls the intake / exhaust valve 30 in accordance with a detection signal of the light wave distance measuring method 48. It is comprised by. An element indicated by reference numeral 52 in FIG. 1 is a relay relay for appropriately amplifying the detection signal from the light wave distance measuring unit 48 and transmitting it to the control device 33. In addition, the control apparatus 33 is good also as setting the said function part in the control apparatus of a rail vehicle, for example.
The light reflecting surface of the lower surface plate 18 is configured with a color having a higher brightness than black so that the light L is efficiently reflected, or has a striped pattern, concentric pattern, mesh pattern, or the like on the surface. It is desirable to be drawn.

そして、制御装置３３により、光波測距義４８からの検知信号を受けて、空気ばね１２の高さＸが適切な状態よりも高いことが確認されると、吸排気弁３０を排気ポートの開放位置に切り換える。空気ばね１２の内室の空気は、吸排気配管２６から吸排気弁３０の排気ポートを介して排気され、空気ばね１２の高さが減少する。そして、制御装置３３は、空気ばね１２の高さＸが適切な状態へと減少したことを、光波測距義４８からの検知信号から把握すると、吸排気弁３０を排気ポートの閉じ位置に切り換えることで、空気ばね１２からの排気が停止する。   When the control device 33 receives the detection signal from the optical distance measuring device 48 and confirms that the height X of the air spring 12 is higher than an appropriate state, the intake / exhaust valve 30 is opened to the exhaust port. Switch to position. The air in the inner chamber of the air spring 12 is exhausted from the intake / exhaust pipe 26 through the exhaust port of the intake / exhaust valve 30, and the height of the air spring 12 is reduced. When the control device 33 grasps that the height X of the air spring 12 has decreased to an appropriate state from the detection signal from the optical distance measuring device 48, the control device 33 switches the intake / exhaust valve 30 to the closed position of the exhaust port. As a result, the exhaust from the air spring 12 stops.

一方、制御装置３３は、光波測距義４８からの検知信号を受けて、空気ばね１２の高さＸが適切な状態よりも低いことが確認されると、吸排気弁３０を給気ポートの開放位置へと切り換える。これにより、アキュムレータ等の圧縮空気の供給源２８から空気ばね１２の内室へと圧縮空気が供給され、空気ばね１２の高さＸが増大する。又、制御装置３３は、空気ばね１２の高さＸが適切な状態まで増大したことを、光波測距義４８からの検知信号から把握すると、吸排気弁３０を給気ポートの閉じ位置に切り換えることで、空気ばね１２への給気が停止する。   On the other hand, when the control device 33 receives the detection signal from the light wave distance measuring device 48 and confirms that the height X of the air spring 12 is lower than the appropriate state, the control device 33 moves the intake / exhaust valve 30 to the air supply port. Switch to the open position. Thereby, compressed air is supplied from the compressed air supply source 28 such as an accumulator to the inner chamber of the air spring 12, and the height X of the air spring 12 increases. Further, when the control device 33 grasps that the height X of the air spring 12 has increased to an appropriate state from the detection signal from the optical distance measuring device 48, the control device 33 switches the intake / exhaust valve 30 to the closed position of the air supply port. Thus, the supply of air to the air spring 12 is stopped.

さて、上記構成をなす本発明の実施の形態によれば、次のような作用効果を得ることが可能となる。即ち、空気ばね高さ調整装置２４は、光波測距義４８を、空気ばね１２の内部に設置することなく吸排気配管２６内に配置し、光波測距義４８から吸排気配管２６の管内空間を介して、空気ばね１２内室ヘと向けて光Ｌを照射することにより、空気ばね１２の対向面板１６、１８の距離Ｘ、即ち、空気ばね１２の高さを計測するものである。そして、制御装置３３は、光波測距義４８の検知信号に応じて吸排気弁３０を制御する制御ロジック３３ａを備えることで、空気ばね１２の高さ調整が適切に行われるものである。   Now, according to the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, the following operational effects can be obtained. That is, the air spring height adjusting device 24 arranges the light wave distance measuring device 48 in the intake / exhaust pipe 26 without being installed inside the air spring 12, and the inside space of the air intake / exhaust pipe 26 from the light wave distance measuring device 48. By irradiating light L toward the inner chamber of the air spring 12 through the distance X, the distance X between the opposed face plates 16 and 18 of the air spring 12, that is, the height of the air spring 12 is measured. And the control apparatus 33 is provided with the control logic 33a which controls the intake / exhaust valve 30 according to the detection signal of the light-wave ranging 48, The height adjustment of the air spring 12 is performed appropriately.

図１の例では、吸排気配管２６の中間部に設けられた分岐部４６に光波測距義４８を配置し、光波測距義４８から吸排気配管２６の管内空間を介して、空気ばね１２の内室へと向けて光Ｌを照射するものである。又、空気ばね１２の対向面板のうち上面板１６の通気口２０と連通する吸気座４４には、エルボ４４ａが形成されており、このエルボ４４ａに反射板５０が設置される。光波測距義４８の光の出射方向は、吸気座４４のエルボ４４ａの一端側開口へ向けて光Ｌを照射するように設定されており、吸気座４４のエルボ４４ａに配置された反射板５０により、光波測距義４８から照射される光Ｌを下面板１８へ向けて屈折させることで、光波測距義４８から照射される光Ｌは、吸排気配管２６を介して空気ばね１２の内室へと向かい、下面板１８に照射される。下面板１８に照射された光Ｌは下面板１８によって反射され、再び吸気座４４のエルボ４４ａに配置された反射板５０へと向かう。そして、下面板１８によって反射された光Ｌは、反射板５０によって光波測距義４８へ向けて反射され、光波測距義４８はこの反射光Ｌを受光し、空気ばね１２の高さを正確に計測することが可能となる。   In the example of FIG. 1, a light wave distance measuring device 48 is disposed at a branching portion 46 provided at an intermediate portion of the intake / exhaust pipe 26, and the air spring 12 is connected from the light wave distance measuring device 48 through the pipe inner space of the air intake / exhaust tube 26. The light L is irradiated toward the inner chamber. An elbow 44a is formed in the intake seat 44 that communicates with the vent hole 20 of the upper surface plate 16 among the opposed surface plates of the air spring 12, and the reflecting plate 50 is installed on the elbow 44a. The light emitting direction of the light wave distance measuring device 48 is set so as to irradiate the light L toward the one end opening of the elbow 44 a of the intake seat 44, and the reflector 50 disposed on the elbow 44 a of the intake seat 44. Thus, the light L emitted from the light wave distance measuring device 48 is refracted toward the lower surface plate 18, so that the light L emitted from the light wave distance measuring material 48 is contained in the air spring 12 through the intake / exhaust pipe 26. It goes to the chamber and is irradiated to the lower surface plate 18. The light L applied to the lower surface plate 18 is reflected by the lower surface plate 18 and travels again to the reflection plate 50 disposed on the elbow 44 a of the intake seat 44. Then, the light L reflected by the lower surface plate 18 is reflected by the reflecting plate 50 toward the light wave distance measuring device 48, and the light wave distance measuring device 48 receives the reflected light L and accurately determines the height of the air spring 12. It becomes possible to measure.

更に、光波測距義４８と反射板５０とが、吸気座４４に連結される管部材２６Ａに固定されることによって、光波測距義４８と反射板５０とは、この管部材２６Ａごと吸気座４４に対して着脱される。又、この管部材２６Ａに光波測距義４８と鏡５０とが一体に固定されることで、管部材２６Ａごと、吸排気配管２６を構成する他の管部材（枝管２６Ｂ）に対する光波測距義４８及び鏡５０の着脱と、光波測距義４８及び鏡５０の位置決めとを行うことが可能となる。すなわち、光波測距義４８と反射板５０との位置関係が管部材２６Ａによって固定されることから、光波測距義４８から照射された光Ｌが反射板５０によって反射され光路変更される方向を、管部材２６を吸気座４４に対し適切に連結させることのみによって、最適に設定することが可能となる。   Further, the light wave distance measuring device 48 and the reflecting plate 50 are fixed to the tube member 26A connected to the air intake seat 44, so that the light wave distance measuring device 48 and the light reflecting plate 50 together with the tube member 26A are taken into the air intake seat. It is attached to and detached from 44. Further, the light wave distance measuring 48 and the mirror 50 are integrally fixed to the tube member 26A, so that the light wave distance measurement with respect to the other tube members (branch tube 26B) constituting the intake / exhaust pipe 26 together with the tube member 26A. It is possible to attach and detach the optical system 48 and the mirror 50 and position the optical wave distance measuring system 48 and the mirror 50. That is, since the positional relationship between the light wave distance measuring device 48 and the reflecting plate 50 is fixed by the tube member 26A, the direction in which the light L emitted from the light wave distance measuring device 48 is reflected by the light reflecting plate 50 and the optical path is changed. Only by appropriately connecting the pipe member 26 to the intake seat 44 can be set optimally.

以上のごとく、本発明の実施の形態によれば、空気ばね１２の構造及び制御装置３３の複雑化を来すことなく、空気ばね高さＸを検知し、空気ばね高さを適切に調整することが可能となる。又、制御装置３３を介して、例えば、鉄道車両の運転台や運転司令室に空気ばね高さ情報を表示することも可能となり、各車両の台車毎の空気ばね１２の状態をリアルタイムで把握することも可能となる。又、空気ばね１２の内部構造の複雑化を来すものでもなく、良好なメンテナンス性を確保することが可能となる。   As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the air spring height X is detected and the air spring height is appropriately adjusted without complicating the structure of the air spring 12 and the control device 33. It becomes possible. It is also possible to display air spring height information on, for example, a cab of a railway vehicle or an operation headquarters via the control device 33, and grasp the state of the air spring 12 for each trolley of each vehicle in real time. It is also possible. Further, the internal structure of the air spring 12 is not complicated, and good maintainability can be ensured.

図２には、図１に示される鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置の応用例に用いられる吸気座４４が示されている。
本例は、図１の吸気座４４のエルボ４４ａに配置された反射板５０に換えて、管部材２６Ａの分岐部（Ｔ継手）４６に配置された光波測距義４８を、このエルボ４４ａに配置したものである。そして、吸気座４４のエルボ４４ａに配置された光波測距義４８から、下面板１８（図１参照）へ向けて光Ｌを照射するものである。
なお、吸気座４４のエルボ４４ａにおける圧縮空気の連通状態が確保されるように、光波測距義４８の迂回路が形成されるものとする。その他の構成は、図１の例と同様であり、詳しい説明は省略する。 FIG. 2 shows an intake seat 44 used in an application example of the air spring height adjusting device for the railcar bogie shown in FIG.
In this example, in place of the reflector 50 arranged in the elbow 44a of the intake seat 44 of FIG. 1, the light wave distance measuring device 48 arranged in the branch portion (T joint) 46 of the pipe member 26A is provided in the elbow 44a. It is arranged. Then, the light L is emitted from the light wave distance measuring device 48 disposed on the elbow 44a of the intake seat 44 toward the lower surface plate 18 (see FIG. 1).
It is assumed that a bypass for the light wave distance measuring device 48 is formed so as to ensure the communication state of the compressed air in the elbow 44a of the intake seat 44. Other configurations are the same as those in the example of FIG. 1, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

図２に示される例においても、空気ばね１２内部に光波測距義４８を設置することなく、上面板１６の通気口２０と連通する吸気座４４のエルボに配置された光波測距義４８から、吸排気配管２６の管内空間を介して、空気ばね１２内室へと向けて光Ｌを照射するものである。そして、光波測距義４８の光Ｌの出射方向が、下面板１８へ向けて光Ｌを照射するようにして配置されることで、光波測距義４８から出射される光Ｌは、吸排気配管２６を介して空気ばね１２内室へと向かい、下面板１８に照射されるものである。下面板１８に照射された光Ｌは下面板１８によって反射され、再び吸気座４４のエルボ４４ａに配置された光波測距義４８へと向かう。そして、光波測距義４８はこの反射光Ｌを受光し、空気ばね１２の高さＬを計測することが可能となる。その他、図１の例と同様の作用効果については、詳しい説明を省略する。   In the example shown in FIG. 2 as well, from the light wave distance measuring device 48 arranged on the elbow of the intake seat 44 communicating with the vent 20 of the upper surface plate 16 without installing the light wave distance measuring device 48 inside the air spring 12. The light L is irradiated toward the inner chamber of the air spring 12 through the inner space of the intake / exhaust pipe 26. Then, the light L emitted from the light wave distance measuring device 48 is sucked and exhausted by arranging the light L emission direction of the light wave distance measuring material 48 so as to irradiate the light L toward the lower surface plate 18. It goes to the inner chamber of the air spring 12 through the pipe 26 and is irradiated to the lower surface plate 18. The light L applied to the lower surface plate 18 is reflected by the lower surface plate 18 and travels again to the light wave distance measuring device 48 disposed on the elbow 44 a of the intake seat 44. The light wave distance measuring device 48 can receive the reflected light L and measure the height L of the air spring 12. In addition, detailed description of the same effects as the example of FIG. 1 is omitted.

図３には、図１に示される鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置の、別の応用例が示されている。この例では、上面板１６の上面板通気口２０と連通する吸気座４４と、下面板１８の下方に積層される平面視円環状の積層ゴムの内側空間３４ａと、下面板１８に形成され積層ゴム３４の内側空間３４ａと連通する下面板通気口２２と、積層ゴム３４の内側空間３４ａを塞ぐ端板３６と、端板３６に設けられた端板通気口３８と端板通気口３８に連通する補助空気室４０とを含み、補助空気室４０には端板通気口３８と連通する通気路４０ａが形成されている。
そして、光波測距義４８は、補助空気室４０の通気路４０ａに、光Ｌの出射方向が積層ゴム３４の内側空間３４ａ及び下面板通気口２２を介して、上面板１６へ向けて光を照射するようして、配置されている。光波測距義４８は、通気路４０ａの密閉性が確保される適切な手法により、補助空気室４０の通気路４０ａに対して着脱自在に設置される。 FIG. 3 shows another application example of the air spring height adjusting device for the railcar bogie shown in FIG. In this example, an air intake seat 44 that communicates with the upper surface plate vent 20 of the upper surface plate 16, an inner space 34 a of an annular laminated rubber in a plan view that is laminated below the lower surface plate 18, and the lower surface plate 18 are laminated. The lower plate vent 22 communicated with the inner space 34a of the rubber 34, the end plate 36 closing the inner space 34a of the laminated rubber 34, the end plate vent 38 provided on the end plate 36, and the end plate vent 38. The auxiliary air chamber 40 is formed with an air passage 40 a communicating with the end plate air vent 38.
The light-wave distance measuring device 48 transmits light to the ventilation path 40a of the auxiliary air chamber 40 so that the light L is emitted toward the upper surface plate 16 through the inner space 34a of the laminated rubber 34 and the lower surface plate vent 22. It is arranged to irradiate. The optical distance measuring device 48 is detachably attached to the air passage 40a of the auxiliary air chamber 40 by an appropriate technique that ensures the airtightness of the air passage 40a.

図３に示される例においても、光波測距義４８を、空気ばね１２の内部に設置することなく補助空気室４０の通気路４０ａに配置し、光波測距義４８から吸排気配管２６の管内空間を介して、空気ばね１２内室へと向けて光Ｌを照射するものである。そして、光波測距義４８の光Ｌの出射方向が、上面板１６へ向けて光Ｌを照射するようにして配置されることで、光波測距義４８から照射される光Ｌは、補助空気室４０の通気路４０ａから、端板３６に設けられた通気口３８、積層ゴム３４の内側空間３４ａ及び下面板１８に形成された通気口２２を介して、空気ばね１２の内室へと向かい、上面板１６に照射される。上面板１６に照射された光Ｌは上面板１６によって反射され、再び補助空気室４０の通気路４０ａに配置された光波測距義４８へと向かう。そして、光波測距義４８はこの反射光Ｌを、下面板１８に形成された通気口２０及び積層ゴム３４の内側空間３４ａを通して受光し、空気ばね１２の高さＸ（図１参照）を計測することが可能となる。その他、図１の例と同様の作用効果については、詳しい説明を省略する。   Also in the example shown in FIG. 3, the light wave distance measuring device 48 is disposed in the air passage 40 a of the auxiliary air chamber 40 without being installed inside the air spring 12, and the light wave distance measuring device 48 is connected to the inside of the intake / exhaust pipe 26. Light L is emitted toward the inner chamber of the air spring 12 through the space. Then, the light L emitted from the light wave distance measuring device 48 is arranged so that the light L emitted from the light wave distance measuring device 48 is emitted toward the upper surface plate 16 so that the light L emitted from the light wave distance measuring device 48 is auxiliary air. From the air passage 40a of the chamber 40 to the inner chamber of the air spring 12 through the air vent 38 provided in the end plate 36, the inner space 34a of the laminated rubber 34 and the air vent 22 formed in the lower surface plate 18. The top plate 16 is irradiated. The light L irradiated to the upper surface plate 16 is reflected by the upper surface plate 16 and travels again to the light wave distance measuring device 48 disposed in the ventilation path 40 a of the auxiliary air chamber 40. Then, the optical distance measuring device 48 receives the reflected light L through the vent 20 formed in the lower surface plate 18 and the inner space 34a of the laminated rubber 34, and measures the height X (see FIG. 1) of the air spring 12. It becomes possible to do. In addition, detailed description of the same effects as the example of FIG. 1 is omitted.

なお、図３の例では、光波測距義４８から出射される光Ｌの光軸の延長線上に、上面板１６の反射面が存在するように、例えば、上面板通気口２０の室内側端部を、図示のごとく中心部に反射面が残されるように分岐ないし環状の開口端２０ａとすることが望ましい。
又、特にボルスタレス台車に採用する場合において、空気ばね１２の空気室と積層ゴム３４とを連通する下面板通気口２２の中心と、光波測距義４８から出射される光Ｌの光軸とが、大きくずれることによる光の通過阻止を防ぐため、下面板通気口２２をより大きくすることが望ましい。 In the example of FIG. 3, for example, the indoor side end of the upper surface plate vent 20 is provided so that the reflection surface of the upper surface plate 16 exists on the extension line of the optical axis of the light L emitted from the light wave distance measuring device 48. It is desirable that the portion is a branched or annular opening end 20a so that the reflection surface remains at the center as shown in the figure.
In particular, when employed in a bolsterless carriage, the center of the bottom plate vent 22 that communicates the air chamber of the air spring 12 and the laminated rubber 34 and the optical axis of the light L emitted from the light wave distance measuring device 48 are provided. In order to prevent the passage of light due to a large shift, it is desirable to make the bottom plate vent 22 larger.

１０：鉄道車両用台車、 １０ａ：台車枠、 １２：空気ばね、 １４：ゴムベローズ、 １６：対向面板（上面板）、 １８：対向面板（下面板）、 ２０：通気口（上面板通気口）、 ２２：通気口（下面板通気口）、 ２４：空気ばね高さ調整装置、 ２６：吸排気配管、 ２６Ａ：管部材、 ２６Ｂ：枝管、 ２８：圧縮空気の供給源、 ３０：吸排気弁、 ３３：制御装置、 ３３ａ：制御ロジック、 ３４：積層ゴム、 ３４ａ：内部空間、 ３６：端板、 ３８：通気口（端板通気口）、 ４０：補助空気室、 ４２：リンク、 ４４：吸気座、 ４４ａ：エルボ、 ４６：分岐部、 ４８：光波測距義、 ５０：反射板   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10: Bogie for rail vehicles, 10a: Bogie frame, 12: Air spring, 14: Rubber bellows, 16: Opposing face plate (upper face plate), 18: Opposing face plate (lower face plate), 20: Vent (upper face plate vent) 22: Ventilation hole (lower surface plate ventilation hole) 24: Air spring height adjusting device 26: Intake / exhaust piping 26A: Pipe member 26B: Branch pipe 28: Compressed air supply source 30: Intake / exhaust valve 33: Control device, 33a: Control logic, 34: Laminated rubber, 34a: Internal space, 36: End plate, 38: Vent (end plate vent), 40: Auxiliary air chamber, 42: Link, 44: Intake Seat, 44a: elbow, 46: bifurcation, 48: light wave distance measuring sense, 50: reflector

Claims (5)

平面視円環状かつ半径方向内側に開放端を有するＣ字断面形状のゴムベローズと、該ゴムベローズの開放端を上下方向から挟んで密閉する一対の対向面板と、該対向面板の一方又は双方に開口する通気口とを備える空気ばねと、
前記通気口を介して前記空気ばね内室と連通する吸排気配管と、
該吸排気配管に対する圧縮空気の供給源及び吸排気弁と、
該吸排気弁の制御装置とを含み、
前記吸排気配管内に、前記空気ばね内室ヘと向けて光を照射する光波測距義が配置され、
前記制御装置は、前記光波測距義の検知信号に応じて前記吸排気弁を制御する制御ロジックを備えることを特徴とする鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置。 A rubber bellows having a C-shaped cross-section having an annular end in the plan view and having an open end radially inward, a pair of opposed face plates that are sealed with the open end of the rubber bellows in the vertical direction, and one or both of the opposed face plates An air spring comprising a vent opening that opens;
Intake / exhaust piping communicating with the air spring inner chamber through the vent;
A compressed air supply source and intake / exhaust valves for the intake and exhaust pipes;
A control device for the intake and exhaust valves,
In the intake / exhaust piping, a light wave distance measuring sense for irradiating light toward the air spring inner chamber is arranged,
The control device includes a control logic for controlling the intake / exhaust valve in accordance with the detection signal for light wave distance measurement. 前記吸排気配管には、前記対向面板のうち上面板の通気口と連通する吸気座を含み、該吸気座にエルボが形成され、
前記光波測距義は、前記吸排気配管の中間部に設けられた分岐部に、その光の出射方向が前記吸気座の前記エルボの一端側開口へ向けて光を照射するようにして配置され、
前記吸気座のエルボには、前記光波測距義から照射される光の経路を前記下面板へ向けて屈折させる反射板が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項１記載の鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置。 The intake / exhaust pipe includes an intake seat that communicates with a vent of the upper surface plate of the opposing face plate, and an elbow is formed on the intake seat,
The light wave distance measuring definition is arranged at a branch portion provided at an intermediate portion of the intake / exhaust pipe so that the light emission direction irradiates light toward the one end opening of the elbow of the intake seat. ,
2. The bogie for a railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the elbow of the air intake seat is provided with a reflecting plate that refracts a path of light emitted from the light wave distance measuring sense toward the bottom plate. Air spring height adjustment device. 前記光波測距義と前記反射板とが、前記吸気座に連結される管部材に固定されていることを特徴とする請求項２記載の鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置。 3. The air spring height adjusting device for a railway vehicle carriage according to claim 2, wherein the light wave distance measuring definition and the reflecting plate are fixed to a pipe member connected to the intake seat. 前記吸排気配管には、前記上面板の通気口と連通する吸気座を含み、該吸気座にエルボが形成され、
前記光波測距義は、前記エルボに、その光の出射方向が前記下面板へ向けて光を照射するようにして、配置されていることを特徴とする請求項１記載の鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置。 The intake / exhaust pipe includes an intake seat communicating with the vent of the top plate, and an elbow is formed on the intake seat,
2. The railcar bogie according to claim 1, wherein the elbow is arranged such that the light is emitted toward the elbow toward the bottom plate. 3. Air spring height adjustment device. 前記吸排気配管には、前記上面板の通気口と連通する吸気座と、前記下面板の下方に積層される平面視円環状の積層ゴムの内側空間と、前記下面板に形成され前記積層ゴムの内側空間と連通する通気口と、前記積層ゴムの内側空間を塞ぐ端板と、該端板に設けられた通気口と、該端板に設けられた通気口に連通する補助空気室とを含み、該補助空気室には前記端板に設けられた通気口と連通する通気路が形成され、
前記光波測距義は、前記補助空気室の通気路に、その光の出射方向が、前記端板の通気口、前記積層ゴムの内側空間及び前記下面板の通気口を介して、前記上面板へ向けて光を照射するようして、配置されていることを特徴とする請求項１記載の鉄道車両用台車の空気ばね高さ調整装置。 The intake / exhaust pipe includes an intake seat communicating with a vent of the upper surface plate, an inner space of an annular laminated rubber in a plan view laminated below the lower surface plate, and the laminated rubber formed on the lower surface plate. A vent hole communicating with the inner space of the laminated rubber, an end plate closing the inner space of the laminated rubber, a vent hole provided in the end plate, and an auxiliary air chamber communicating with the vent hole provided in the end plate. Including an air passage that communicates with a vent provided in the end plate;
The light wave distance measurement means that the upper plate is connected to the air passage of the auxiliary air chamber, and the light emission direction is through the vent of the end plate, the inner space of the laminated rubber, and the vent of the lower plate. The air spring height adjusting device for a railway vehicle carriage according to claim 1, wherein the air spring height adjusting device is arranged so as to irradiate light toward the vehicle.
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JPH04266632A (en) * 1991-02-18 1992-09-22 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Air spring provided with height measuring device
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DE19701713C1 (en) * 1997-01-20 1998-08-27 Contitech Luftfedersyst Gmbh Appliance for contactless measurement of clearance within an air spring
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