JP6483017B2 - ナノ粒子製剤 - Google Patents
ナノ粒子製剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6483017B2 JP6483017B2 JP2015529120A JP2015529120A JP6483017B2 JP 6483017 B2 JP6483017 B2 JP 6483017B2 JP 2015529120 A JP2015529120 A JP 2015529120A JP 2015529120 A JP2015529120 A JP 2015529120A JP 6483017 B2 JP6483017 B2 JP 6483017B2
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- Prior art keywords
- cholesteryl
- lita
- acid
- nanoparticles
- nanoparticle
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- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
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- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- -1 cationic cholesterol derivative Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N phosphatidylcholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- JZNWSCPGTDBMEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerophosphorylethanolamin Natural products NCCOP(O)(=O)OCC(O)CO JZNWSCPGTDBMEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- XUGISPSHIFXEHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3beta-acetoxy-cholest-5-ene Natural products C1C=C2CC(OC(C)=O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)CCCC(C)C)C1(C)CC2 XUGISPSHIFXEHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- RWTQCZGAMKTBRV-PTHRTHQKSA-N (1s,2r,5s,10s,11s,14r,15r)-2,15-dimethyl-14-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-7-en-5-yl pentanoate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCC)C1 RWTQCZGAMKTBRV-PTHRTHQKSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YEYCQJVCAMFWCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3beta-cholesteryl formate Natural products C1C=C2CC(OC=O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)CCCC(C)C)C1(C)CC2 YEYCQJVCAMFWCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CKDZWMVGDHGMFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Buttersaeure-cholesterylester Natural products C12CCC3(C)C(C(C)CCCC(C)C)CCC3C2CC=C2C1(C)CCC(OC(=O)CCC)C2 CKDZWMVGDHGMFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- RMLFYKFCGMSLTB-ZBDFTZOCSA-N Cholesteryl laurate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC)C1 RMLFYKFCGMSLTB-ZBDFTZOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CKDZWMVGDHGMFR-GTPODGLVSA-N [(3s,8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] butanoate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCC)C1 CKDZWMVGDHGMFR-GTPODGLVSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SKLBBRQPVZDTNM-SJTWHRLHSA-N [(3s,8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] octanoate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC)C1 SKLBBRQPVZDTNM-SJTWHRLHSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SJDMTGSQPOFVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [10,13-dimethyl-17-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] tetradecanoate Chemical compound C12CCC3(C)C(C(C)CCCC(C)C)CCC3C2CC=C2C1(C)CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)C2 SJDMTGSQPOFVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XHRPOTDGOASDJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cholesterol n-octadecanoate Natural products C12CCC3(C)C(C(C)CCCC(C)C)CCC3C2CC=C2C1(C)CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C2 XHRPOTDGOASDJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XUGISPSHIFXEHZ-VEVYEIKRSA-N cholesteryl acetate Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](OC(C)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 XUGISPSHIFXEHZ-VEVYEIKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XHRPOTDGOASDJS-XNTGVSEISA-N cholesteryl stearate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C1 XHRPOTDGOASDJS-XNTGVSEISA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- NAACPBBQTFFYQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Linolsaeure-cholesterylester Natural products C12CCC3(C)C(C(C)CCCC(C)C)CCC3C2CC=C2C1(C)CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC)C2 NAACPBBQTFFYQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RJECHNNFRHZQKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oelsaeurecholesterylester Natural products C12CCC3(C)C(C(C)CCCC(C)C)CCC3C2CC=C2C1(C)CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC)C2 RJECHNNFRHZQKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- NAACPBBQTFFYQB-XNTGVSEISA-N cholesteryl octadeca-9,12-dienoate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC)C1 NAACPBBQTFFYQB-XNTGVSEISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RJECHNNFRHZQKU-RMUVNZEASA-N cholesteryl oleate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)C1 RJECHNNFRHZQKU-RMUVNZEASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- JHFRODPXYCPTCM-WASXNZKASA-N [(3s,8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] 2-phenylacetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1CC2=CC[C@H]3[C@@H]4CC[C@@H]([C@]4(CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2(C)CC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JHFRODPXYCPTCM-WASXNZKASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- WBOQXYUYHINMOC-FTAWAYKBSA-N cholesteryl behenate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C1 WBOQXYUYHINMOC-FTAWAYKBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PPQNZVDOBYGOLY-BFGJSWSOSA-N cholesteryl heptadecanoate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C1 PPQNZVDOBYGOLY-BFGJSWSOSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- FAQVCWVVIYYWRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaminyl-alanine Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O FAQVCWVVIYYWRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- SUOVMGLZSOAHJY-JREUTYQLSA-N [(3s,8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] icosanoate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C1 SUOVMGLZSOAHJY-JREUTYQLSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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Description
有機溶媒(通常、CHCl3)での、N1−コレステリルオキシカルボニル−3,7−ジアザノナン−1,9−ジアミン(CDAN)、1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン(DSPC)、コレステロール、および1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミン−N−メトキシ(ポリエチレングリコール)−2000(DSPE−PEG2000)の適切な容量の保存溶液を、5mLの丸底フラスコ内で、それぞれのモル比32:32:35:1でともに組み合わせて、薄膜を生産した。次に、この薄膜を、所定の容量の4−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)−1−ピペラジンエタンスルフォン酸(HEPES)(4mM、NaCl 135mM、pH6.5)で戻し、超音波処理して脂質分散液を生産し、pH7に緩衝し、透析濾過によって純化して事前に決定された全脂質濃度のリポソーム懸濁液を得た。
有機溶媒(通常、CHCl3)での、N1−コレステリルオキシカルボニル−3,7−ジアザノナン−1,9−ジアミン(CDAN)、1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン(DSPC)、コレステロール、および1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミン−N−メトキシ(ポリエチレングリコール)−2000(DSPE−PEG2000)の適切な量の保存溶液を、5mLの丸底フラスコ内で、それぞれのモル比32:32:35:1でともに組み合わせて、薄膜を生産した。次に、この薄膜を、所定の容積の酢酸溶液(1M、CH3CO2H、pH2.0)で戻し、超音波処理して脂質分散液を生産し、pH7に緩衝し、透析濾過によって純化して事前に決定された全脂質濃度のリポソーム懸濁液を得た。
有機溶媒(通常、CHCl3)での、N1−コレステリルオキシカルボニル−3,7−ジアザノナン−1,9−ジアミン(CDAN)、1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン(DSPC)、コレステロール、1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミン−N−(リサミンローダミンBスルフォニル)(DOPE−ローダミン)、および1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミン−N−メトキシ(ポリエチレングリコール)−2000(DSPE−PEG2000)の適切な量の保存溶液を、5mLの丸底フラスコ内で、それぞれのモル比32:32:34:1:1で、ともに組み合わせて、薄膜を生産した。次に、この薄膜を所定の容積の4−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)−1−ピペラジンエタンスルホン酸(HEPES)(4mM、NaCl 135mM、pH6.5)で戻し、超音波処理して脂質分散液を生産し、pH7に緩衝し、透析濾過によって純化して、事前に決定された全脂質濃度のリポソーム懸濁液を得た。
実施例2のナノ粒子を、異なる濃度の酢酸を使って調製した。用いた酢酸の濃度は、1mM、10mM、100mMおよび1Mであった。生産されたナノ粒子の、結果として生じた粒子サイズ分布が、図1に図解されている。調製したら、封入されている酢酸の量を各濃度について定量化し、結果を図2に図解している。これらの数字は、ナノ粒子サイズの範囲がそれに封入されている酢酸濃度の範囲で生じ得ることを示している。
封入されている酢酸を含むナノ粒子製剤を実施例2にしたがって調製した。
封入されている酢酸を含むナノ粒子製剤を、実施例2にしたがって調剤し、透析濾過の前後の18時間にわたって、高温(35℃)または低温(4℃)の保温という異なる温度条件下で、ナノ粒子の粒子サイズ安定性(すなわち、凝集に対する安定性)を試験した。図1および2(室温で、実施例2にしたがって製剤した1Mの酢酸)と比較して、図13の結果は、適正なタイムスケールにおいて、室温でのナノ粒子の形成が最適であることを示す。加えて、低温の透析濾過(およそ4℃)によってナノ粒子内での経時的な酢酸保持を向上することができることが、図14の1H−NMR定量によって図解されている。
実施例3に記載したように、ナノ粒子を、ローダミン脂質をそこに組み入れて調剤し、次に、マウスに投与した。標準的な用量投与(200μL)の2時間後に、マウスの肝臓において肝臓組織診断を実行した。ナノ粒子の検出をローダミン蛍光によって確認した。DAPI(4',6−ジアミジノ−2−フェニルインドール)染色を使って、視野の中に、正常な肝細胞の存在を実証した。蛍光フィルタを使って、非特定背景蛍光または他の非特定アッセイアーチファクトを照射した。データは、ナノ粒子が肝臓に集中し、肝細胞への酢酸の機能的送達を媒介することを実証している。特に、カチオン性脂質(例えば、CDAN)が、肝臓への、封入されている酢酸の機能的送達にとって有益であることをデータは示唆している。
T−25フラスコ(Nunc、USA)あたり2.5×105細胞で所望の細胞株を播種し、5%のCO2を含む37℃のインキュベータ内で、10%のウシ胎児血清(FCS)(Sigma−Aldrich、UK)を補給したダルベッコ変法イーグル培地(DMEM)(Sigma−Aldrich、UK)で、単層として増殖させた。決して15回の継代を超えないように、細胞を3〜5日毎に継代した。細胞がおよそ80%コンフルエントになったら、培地を取り除き、培地の除去によってそれらを回収し、PBSで洗浄し、続いて、およそ5分間、トリプシン(Sigma−Aldrich、UK)を添加した。培地を取り除き、細胞をPBSで3回洗浄し、無血清DMEMで再懸濁し、5分間、1,000RPMで遠心分離した。培地を取り除き、細胞を血球計算器で計数した。
実施例2の製剤の前臨床の適合性検査(relevance)を10週間の期間にわたって、生体内モデルを使って実行した。22℃、湿度70%、かつ、12:12(6.30am〜6.30pm)の明:暗サイクルで、個別に換気したケージ(IVC)内に、マウスをケージ毎4匹に分けた。マウスは自由に水にアクセスでき、5週間目に、kcal摂取で60%の高脂肪食をとらせ、これは、SSNIFF(England、UK)によって提供されるもので、以下にまとめたものである(表1)。
様々な画像化モダリティを利用して、肝臓と悪性組織との両方へのリポソーム性ベクターの受動的な、非標的送達を確認した。リポソーム抱合は、それらに封入されている生産物、または、脂質二分子層に導入された部分によって区別された(表2)。
標的組織における選択的吸収の確認に続いて、酢酸(実施例2の「LITA」)、またはコントロールとして低イオン強度緩衝剤(HEPES)のいずれかでリポソームを封入した。酢酸と結合し、そのNMR信号を減少するとして知られているアルブミンを含む場合と含まない場合とで、LITA製剤とリポソームを含まない酢酸溶液とを調製した。アルブミンは、リポソームを含まない溶液中の酢酸のNMR信号を抑制したが、減少がLITAナノ粒子溶液中では観察されず(図19A〜D);酢酸がリポソーム内に無事に封入されたことを示している。リポソーム性酢酸の定量を可能にするために、LITA製剤を、内部基準として既知の濃度の乳酸と併せてスキャンした。リポソーム性酢酸の濃度を、l00ulあたり26.45μg(2.2mM)と計算した(図19E〜F)。一回のLITAの注入あたりの酢酸の濃度は、2.6mg/kgであって、だいたい、ネズミのモデルにおける胃内または経口送達に以前に使用したものよりも低い規模であった。リポソーム製剤のサイズに差異はなかった(LITA:102.3±7.5nm;コントロール:95.9±9.0nm、p=0.6、図19G〜I)。
LITAプロトコル(100μlの注入あたり2.2mM)で使用する用量に匹敵する濃度で、酢酸がエネルギー源として使用されたかどうかを決定するために、インビトロでミトコンドリアの呼吸を評価した。酢酸(5mM)が、有意にATP生成を増加させることがわかった(p<0.01)(図20)。
LITAナノ粒子(実施例2)の代謝可能性を、複数の生体内モデルにおいて評価して、異なる代謝結果を精査した。始めに、5週間、マウスに高脂肪食(HFD)をとらせることによって肥満の原因となる背景を確立した。マウスは、その後、さらなる5週間にわたって、3日毎に、LITAまたはコントロールナノ粒子の腹腔内注射を受けながら、HFDを維持した。体重の差(図21A)または累積の食物(図21B)を、群の間で観察した。HFDの最初の5週間後、全身脂肪症およびIHCLを1H MRSによって決定し、この場合も、その後の5週間、長期的な注入を行った。全身脂肪症(LITA:9.0±16.7%;コントロール:40±21.8%、p=0.02)(図21C)およびIHCL(LITA:−0.11±0.06、コントロール:2.4±0.9、p<0.0001)(図18D)は、LITAで処置した動物において、有意に減少した。白色脂肪組織(WAT)もまた減少した(LITA:3.4±1.2g、コントロール:4.3±1.2g、p<0.01)が、褐色脂肪組織(BAT)値に見られた変化は、それよりも小さかった(図22A)。血中グルコース、インスリンまたは脂質の変化を観察した(図21E)。LITAを注射した動物では、血清ケモカインKC/GROの低下(p<0.05)が実証され、炎症トーンの減退と、炎症誘発性サイトカイン産生阻害マーカーであるIL−10の増加(p<0.05)とが示された(図21F)。肝臓mRNAの定量的なRT−PCRによって、LITAで処置した動物におけるUCP−2発現の有意な減少が明らかとなった(図21G)。RT−PCR肝臓分析によって、LITA誘発によるHDAC1発現の減少が実証され(p<0.001)(図21G)、ウエスタンブロット分析によって、HDAC2(p<0.01)とHDAC7(p<0.001)との有意な差が示された(図21H)。ヒストンリシン蛋白質を全ヒストン蛋白質発現に正規化することによって、LITA群における残基acH4K12の減少が明らかとなった(図21I)。さらに、マイクロアレイ分析によって、HDACクラス1を含め、代謝関連遺伝子の発現に有意な変化が確認された(図22B)。
第二の食事モデルにおいて、肥満の原因となる食事に関連する結果の発展をLITAナノ粒子(実施例2)が妨げる可能性を評価した。HFDをとらせたマウスは、6週間にわたって、3日毎に、LITAまたはコントロールナノ粒子の腹腔内注射を受けた。体重の差(図23A)または週次食物摂取(図24A)を観察した。以前のモデルにしたがって、長期的なLITAの処置は、脂肪症の蓄積を有意に低減した(LITA:24.1±9.7%;コントロール:30.8±9.7%、p=0.03)(図23B)およびIHCL(LITA:−0.01±0.7、コントロール:0.03±0.05、p=0.05)(図23C)。LITA注入によって、血清インスリン値が低下し(LITA:0.6±0.3ng/ml、コントロール:1.1±0.7ng/ml、p<0.05)、絶食グルコース(LITA:8.6±1.8mmol/L、コントロール:7.4±1.5mmol/L、p=0.02)が増加した(図23D)。グルコース負荷試験(GTT)後、LITAを注射したマウスにグルコースクリアランスの減少傾向が見られた(図24B)。インスリン感受性の差を、恒常性のモデル評価(HOMA)指数を使って観察した(LITA:6.1±2.5、コントロール:6.7±2.3、p=NS)。この場合も、LITAで処置した動物において血清炎症のマーカーの減少傾向があった(TNF−α:LITA:5.4±3.4pg/ml、コントロール:10.6±8.5pg/ml、p=0.06;IL−6:LITA:17.4±17.6pg/ml、コントロール:39.7±35.5pg/ml、p=0.06)(図24C)。LITAを注射したマウスが、脂肪組織トリグリセリドリパーゼ(ATGL)の皮下脂肪組織(SAT)mRNA発現の減少(p<0.01)を示して(図23F)、周辺部の脂質動員の減少を示唆したにも関わらず、血清脂質濃度の差は最小であった(図23E)。LITAを注射した動物においては、血清遊離脂肪酸(FFA)が顕著に増加し(LITA:0.36±0.08nmol/L、コントロール:0.75±0.2nmol/L、p<0.05)、ケトン、3−ヒドロキシブチラートの血清濃度は、上昇した(LITA:0.29±0.1nmol/L、コントロール:0.18±0.03nmol/L、p<0.05)(図23E)。肝臓の機能を、標準的な肝臓機能テストと、mRNAの定量的なRT−PCRとによって評価した。肝臓機能マーカーであるアスパラギン酸アミノトランスフェラーゼ(AST)およびアルカリホスファターゼ(ALP)の血清レベルの低下が、LITAを注射した動物において観察された(AST:LITA:106±26U/L、コントロール:201±87U/L、p=0.02およびALP:LITA:57.5±14U/L、コントロール:76.9±20U/L、p=0.02)(図24D)。長期的なLITA注入はまた、ステロール調節エレメント結合蛋白質−1(SREBP1)、アセチル−CoAカルボキシラーゼ(ACC)および脂肪酸シンターゼ遺伝子(FASN)を含めて、脂肪酸合成(FAS)に関与する遺伝子のmRNA発現の有意な減少をもたらした(図23G)。LITA投与はまた、β−酸化と、VLDL合成との両方の原因となる遺伝子のmRNA発現の有意な減少をもたらした(β−酸化;カルニチン パルミトイルトランスフェラーゼ−1(CPT1)、アシルCoAオキシダーゼ−1(ACOX1)と、VLDL合成;ミクロソームトリグリセリド輸送蛋白質(Mttp))(図23G)。前のHFDモデルにしたがって、LITAを注射したマウスによって、UCP−2値の減少が実証された(図23G)。さらに、LITAで処置したマウスによって、コントロールで処置したマウスと比較して、肝臓におけるマイクロ空胞形成(microvacuolation)の減少が実証された(図23H)。肝臓のミトコンドリアの形態の透過電子顕微鏡法分析によって、ミトコンドリアの数に差がない(図25A〜C)がLITAを注射したマウスにおける稜/周辺部の長さは増大傾向にあることが明らかとなった(p=0.07、図23I)。酸化的リン酸化複合体III(+62%)、IV(+91%)およびV(+69%)の蛋白質発現の有意な増加が、LITA動物において観察された(図23Jおよび図25D)。長期的なLITA注入は、フォークヘッド蛋白質O1(FOXOl)mRNAの肝臓発現の減少をもたらし(図23G)、グルコース新生の減少を示した。さらに、グルコース輸送体2(GLUT2)mRNAの減少(図23G)と、空腹時グルコースの上昇(このとき、食物摂取に違いはない)(図23D)とによって示されるように、LITA投与後のグルコースの肝臓吸収の低下もまた観察された。
次のモデルでは、正常な食事背景におけるLITA送達の効果を評価した。NFDをとらせたマウスに、6週間にわたって、3日毎に、LITA(実施例2)またはコントロールナノ粒子の腹腔内注射を受けさせた。体重の差(図26A)または週次食物摂取(図27A)を観察した。全身脂肪症の差を観察した(LITA:3.9±4.4%、コントロール:6.6±9.1%、p=NS)(図26B)。LITAを注射したマウスに、IHCLの有意な減少が見られた(LITA:−0.01±0.08、コントロール:0.05±0.05、p<0.05)(図26C)。摂食もしくは絶食条件でのインスリンもしくはグルコース値に関して(図26D)、または長期的な注入の5週間後に実行したGTT後(図27B)、差を記録した。HOMA−IR指数の有意な減少がLITAを注射した動物において記録され、インスリン感受性が改良されたことを示唆している(LITA:1.9±1.4;コントロール:3.6±1.5、p=0.03)。血清炎症のマーカーであるレジスチンおよびTNF−αが、LITA注入を受けたマウスにおいて有意に減少した(レジスチン:LITA:13.6±1.8ng/ml、コントロール:17.2±4.8ng/ml、p<0.05;TNF−α:LITA:14.8±8.5pg/ml、コントロール:46.9±33.Ipg/ml、p<0.01)。トリグリセリドの血清中レベル(LITA:0.79±0.09mmol/L、コントロール:1.03±0.22mmol/L、p=0.05)(図26E)、および、レプチンの血清中レベル(LITA:1921±935pg/ml、コントロール:2889±1209pg/ml、p<0.001)(図27C)もまた、LITAを注射した動物において有意に減少し、コレステロール、HDLまたはLDLには違いがなかった(図26E)。WATおよび腸間膜ATは、LITA投与後、有意に減少した(WAT:LITA:1.36±0.24g、コントロール:1.5±0.17g、p<0.05;腸間膜:LITA:0.16±0.04g、コントロール:0.19±0.01g、p<0.05)(図27D)。精巣上体および皮下の蓄積から単離した含脂肪細胞の、群間の平均数、容積または表面面積を記録した。LITAを注射した動物から単離したATは、ホルモン感受性リパーゼ(HSL)mRNAの発現の減少を実証し(コントロールと比較した倍率変化:0.05±0.08、p<0.001)(図26F)、周辺部の脂質の動員の減少を反映していた。HFDモデルの予防結果と同様、肝臓mRNA試料の定量的なRT−PCRによって、VLDL代謝(Apo−B、Mttp)、β−酸化(ACOX−1、CPT−1)、ミトコンドリアの酸化(PPARγ、PGC−1)、グルコース代謝(GLUT−2、IRS−1、IRS−2)および炎症(TNFα)に関与する遺伝子の発現の、LITA誘発による減少が明らかとなった(図26G)。組織試験によって、NFDをとらせた全マウスについて、正常な肝臓構造が明らかとなり、LITAを注射したマウスは、コントロールよりも少ないマイクロ空胞化を示し(図26H)、炎症が減退したことを示した。ミトコンドリアの酸化的リン酸化複合体の活性を、群間で比較した(図25E)。
LITAナノ粒子(実施例2)の投与が、腫瘍サイズの有意な減少をもたらした(LITA:107±113mm2、コントロール:270±87mm2、p=0.04)(図28A〜C)。腫瘍容積の進行は、LITAを注射した動物において有意に低減した(腫瘍容積(4週目):LITA:123±119mm3、コントロール:254±93mm3、p<0.05)(図28D)。異種移植片mRNAの定量的なRT−PCRによって、LITAを注射した動物において、クラスI HDAC;HDAC 1(p<0.05)、HDAC 2(p<0.05)、HDAC 3(p<0.001)およびHDAC 4(p<0.01)の発現の有意な減少が明らかとなった(図28E)。加えて、エピジェネティクスのサイレンシングmRNAの原因となる「silent mating type information regulation homologues」つまりSirT蛋白質の発現もまた、LITAを注射した動物において有意に減少した(SirTl、p<0.05)(図28E)。
卒中後の脳組織の保護および回復のための実施例2のナノ粒子の潜在的有効性(封入酢酸)について、中大脳動脈閉塞(MCAO)ラットモデルで試験した。
動物:SDラット(Sprague-Dawley rats)(オス、230〜250g、n=20 Harlan社)を取得して、中大脳動脈閉塞(MCAO)の誘発の前5〜7日間、馴化させた。それらを、ランダムに、同様の体量を有する2つの群に割り当てた。
病変容積のMRI評価:MRIで評価した病変容積は、コントロールと比較して、閉塞の24時間後、実施例2のナノ粒子で処置したラットの方が小さかった(91.33±24.63mm3対143.4±44.1)。閉塞の1週間後、両方の群において、閉塞の24時間後よりも病変部は小さくなった(図29)。
これらの結果は、ナノ粒子封入酢酸が、肥満と癌との両方を示す病原性の識別特性(signatures)の発症を防ぎ、かつ食い止めることができる、強力で多機能な医薬品有効成分(API)として作用することを示している。組織像および画像化を使った、18F−FDG、ローダミンおよびガドリニウム抱合リポソームの生体分布の評価によって、LITAナノ粒子が、もともと肝臓親和性(livertropic)であることが確認された。特に、リポソーム膜におけるDSPE−PEG2000のモル濃度の割合の増加が、腫瘍組織におけるリポソームの選択的蓄積をもたらした。
Claims (19)
- 1つ以上の治療剤の送達に好適なナノ粒子製剤であって:
ナノ粒子が、カチオン性リポソームであり、
該リポソームが、
(i)式:H 2 N(CH 2 ) x NH(CH 2 ) y NH(CH 2 ) z NHC(O)−(式中、xは、1〜10であり、yは、1〜10であり、zは、1〜10である)のポリアミン炭化水素付加物を有するコレステロールを含む、カチオン性コレステロール誘導体;
(ii)C 10−20 の飽和脂肪酸鎖を含む、ホスファチジルコリンまたはホスファチジルエタノールアミンの飽和中性リン脂質;
(iii)コレステロールまたは、酢酸コレステリル、酪酸コレステリル、吉草酸コレステリル、カプリル酸コレステリル、ドデカン酸コレステリル、オレイン酸コレステリル、ヘプタデカン酸コレステリル、ステアリン酸コレステリル、リノール酸コレステリル、リノールエライジン酸コレステリル、パルミチン酸コレステリル、パルミトエライジン酸コレステリル、ミリスチン酸コレステリル、ベヘン酸コレステリル、エルカ酸コレステリル、アラキドン酸コレステリル、10−ウンデカン酸コレステリル、およびフェニル酢酸コレステリルからなる群から選択される中性コレステロール誘導体;および
(iv)C 12−20 の飽和脂肪酸鎖と少なくとも100の分子量を有するポリエチレングリコール鎖とを含む、ホスファチジルエタノールアミンまたはホスファチジルコリンの飽和脂肪酸PEG化中性誘導体を含み、および
該製剤が、さらに、1〜6個の炭素原子からなる脂肪族のカルボン酸である1つ以上の治療剤を含む、製剤。 - 治療剤が、該リポソーム内に封入されている、請求項1に記載のナノ粒子製剤。
- 治療剤が、酢酸、プロピオン酸、および酪酸からなる群から選択される、請求項1または2に記載のナノ粒子製剤。
- 治療剤が酢酸である、請求項3に記載のナノ粒子製剤。
- ナノ粒子の平均サイズが1〜500nmの範囲にある、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子製剤。
- 封入されている治療剤の濃度が、0.1〜20mMの範囲にある、請求項2〜5のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子製剤。
- 該リポソームが、
(i)式:H 2 N(CH 2 ) x NH(CH 2 ) y NH(CH 2 ) z NHC(O)−(式中、xは、1〜4であり、yは、1〜4であり、zは、1〜4である)のポリアミン炭化水素付加物を有するコレステロールを含む、カチオン性コレステロール誘導体;
(ii)C 10−20 の飽和脂肪酸鎖を含む、ホスファチジルコリンまたはホスファチジルエタノールアミンの飽和中性リン脂質;
(iii)コレステロールまたは、酢酸コレステリル、酪酸コレステリル、吉草酸コレステリル、カプリル酸コレステリル、ドデカン酸コレステリル、オレイン酸コレステリル、およびステアリン酸コレステリルからなる群から選択される中性コレステロール誘導体;および
(iv)C 12−20 の飽和脂肪酸鎖と、分子量が1500〜2000のポリエチレングリコール鎖とを含む、ホスファチジルエタノールアミンまたはホスファチジルコリンの飽和脂肪酸PEG化中性誘導体を含み、および
治療剤が、酢酸、プロピオン酸および酪酸からなる群から選択され、および、該リポソーム内に封入されている、請求項1、5および6のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子製剤。 - (i)〜(iv)のモル比が、以下の範囲を満たす、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子製剤;
(i)20〜40;
(ii)20〜40;
(iii)25〜55;および
(iv)1〜10。 - 腫瘍標的薬剤をさらに含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子製剤。
- 腫瘍標的薬剤が、哺乳類の非腫瘍組織の細胞における受容体の発現と比較して、腫瘍細胞において過剰発現している受容体のリガンドを含む、請求項9に記載のナノ粒子製剤。
- 腫瘍標的薬剤が、葉酸部分を含み、または腫瘍標的薬剤が、リン脂質−ポリエチレングリコール−葉酸化合物である、請求項10に記載のナノ粒子製剤。
- リン脂質−ポリエチレングリコール−葉酸化合物が、DSPE−PEG(2000)−葉酸[ジステアロイルホスファチジルエタノールアミン−ポリエチレングリコール(2000)−葉酸]である、請求項11に記載のナノ粒子製剤。
- 製剤に存在する葉酸部分の量が、全製剤の1〜2mol%である、請求項11または12に記載のナノ粒子製剤。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子製剤、および、1つ以上の医薬的に許容できる賦形剤を含む、医薬組成物。
- 医薬品を製造するための、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子製剤、または請求項14に記載の医薬組成物の使用。
- 肥満、心血管系疾患、二型糖尿病、卒中、癲癇または癌を含む代謝調節異常の予防または治療用医薬品の製造のための、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子製剤、または請求項14に記載の医薬組成物の使用。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子製剤、または請求項14に記載の医薬組成物を含有する、肥満、心血管系疾患、二型糖尿病、卒中、癲癇または癌を含む代謝調節異常の予防または治療剤。
- 有機溶媒の(i)〜(iv)の溶液を用意して、溶媒を蒸発させて(i)〜(iv)の混合物の薄膜を得ること;
薄膜を1つ以上の治療剤を含む所定の容積の極性溶液で戻すこと;
極性溶液を撹拌することによって、(i)〜(iv)の混合物と、極性溶液中の1つ以上の治療剤との分散液を形成させること;
任意で、分散液をおよそ7のpHに緩衝すること;および
任意で、濾過によって分散液を純化することを含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子製剤を調製する方法。 - 極性溶液が、音波処理によって撹拌され;
分散液が、透析濾過によって純化され;
分散液を、およそ7のpHに緩衝した後、且つ純化する前に、0〜10℃で低温保温し;および/または
薄膜を戻すために使用する極性溶液中の1つ以上の治療剤の濃度が、1mM〜10Mの範囲にある、
請求項18に記載のナノ粒子製剤を調製する方法。
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GBGB1215289.8A GB201215289D0 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2012-08-28 | Nanoparticle formulation |
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PCT/GB2013/052258 WO2014033453A1 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2013-08-28 | Nanoparticle formulation |
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CN106551902B (zh) * | 2015-09-17 | 2020-07-03 | 阿赖耶识(上海)生物技术有限公司 | 一种高稳定的非囊泡型纳米颗粒及其在治疗微生物感染中的应用 |
CN105669964B (zh) * | 2016-03-04 | 2017-11-21 | 博瑞生物医药(苏州)股份有限公司 | 卵巢癌特异靶向的生物可降解双亲性聚合物、由其制备的聚合物囊泡及应用 |
US11065217B2 (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2021-07-20 | Temple University—Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education | Use of short chain fatty acids for the treatment and prevention of diseases and disorders |
MX2019010852A (es) * | 2017-03-13 | 2019-10-30 | Sdg Inc | Nanoparticulas a base de lipidos con estabilidad mejorada. |
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JP7136807B2 (ja) | 2017-04-17 | 2022-09-13 | ザ・ユニバーシティ・オブ・シカゴ | ヒトの健康及び疾患の治療用途向けの短鎖脂肪酸の腸への送達用ポリマー材料 |
CN107049954A (zh) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-08-18 | 杭州普施康生物科技有限公司 | 一种药物组合及其制备方法和用途 |
CN110192651A (zh) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-03 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种利用大豆分离蛋白负载植物甾醇酯的纳米乳液的制备方法 |
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WO2023205810A2 (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-10-26 | University Of Virginia Patent Foundation | Nano-enhanced vaccine |
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