JP6464085B2 - 神経膠芽腫の治療のための併用療法 - Google Patents
神経膠芽腫の治療のための併用療法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
この出願は、2012年8月7日に出願された米国仮出願第61/680672号、2012年10月16日に出願された米国仮出願第61/714438号、2013年2月5日に出願された米国仮出願第61/760763号からの利益を主張し、それらの各々は全ての目的のためにその全体が参照により本明細書に援用される。
定義
「抗血管新生剤」又は「血管新生インヒビター」は、小分子量物質、ポリヌクレオチド、ポリペプチド、単離されたタンパク質、組換えタンパク質、抗体、又はこれらのコンジュゲートないし融合タンパク質を指し、直接又は間接的に、血管新生、脈管形成又は望ましくない血管透過を阻害するものである。抗血管新生剤は、結合して、血管新生因子又はその受容体の血管新生活性をブロックする薬剤が含まれることが理解されるべきである例えば、抗血管新生剤は、本明細書を通して定義されるか、又は当技術分野で公知のように血管新生剤に対する抗体又は他のアンタゴニストであって、例えば、限定されないが、VEGF−A又はVEGF−A受容体に対する抗体(例えば、KDR受容体又はFlt−1受容体)、VEGF−トラップ、GleevecTM(メシル酸イマチニブ)などの抗PDGFR阻害剤である。また抗血管新生剤には、天然の血管新生インヒビター、例えばアンジオスタチン、エンドスタチンなどが含まれる。例として、Klagsbrun and D'Amore, Annu. Rev. Physiol., 53:217-39 (1991); Streit and Detmar, Oncogene, 22:3172-3179 (2003)(例えば、悪性メラノーマの抗血管新生療法を列挙する表3);Ferrara & Alitalo, Nature Medicine 5:1359-1364 (1999); Tonini et al., Oncogene, 22:6549-6556 (2003)(例えば、周知の抗血管新生因子を列挙する表2);及び、Sato. Int. J. Clin. Oncol., 8:200-206 (2003)(例えば、表1に臨床試験で用いられる抗血管新生剤を挙げる)を参照。
ある実施態様において、本明細書で提供される抗体は、キメラ抗体である。所定のキメラ抗体は、例えば、米国特許第4816567号;及びMorrison et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81:6851-6855 (1984))に記載されている。一例において、キメラ抗体は、非ヒト可変領域(例えば、マウス、ラット、ハムスター、ウサギ、又はサル等の非ヒト霊長類由来の可変領域)及びヒト定常領域を含む。更なる例において、キメラ抗体は、クラス又はサブクラスが親抗体のものから変更された「クラススイッチ」抗体である。キメラ抗体は、その抗原結合断片を含む。
ある実施態様において、本明細書で提供される抗体は、ヒト抗体である。ヒト抗体は、当技術分野で公知の様々な技術を用いて生産することができる。ヒト抗体は、van Dijk and van de Winkel, Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 5: 368-74 (2001)及びLonberg, Curr. Opin. Immunol. 20:450-459 (2008)に一般的に記載されている。
本発明の抗体は、所望の活性又は活性(複数)を有する抗体についてコンビナトリアルライブラリーをスクリーニングすることによって単離することができる。例えば、様々な方法が、ファージディスプレイライブラリーを生成し、所望の結合特性を有する抗体についてのライブラリーをスクリーニングするために、当該技術分野で知られている。そのような方法は、例えば、Hoogenboom et al. in Methods in Molecular Biology 178:1-37 (O'Brien et al., ed., Human Press, Totowa, NJ, 2001)に総説され、更に、例えば、McCafferty et al., Nature 348:552-554; Clackson et al., Nature 352: 624-628 (1991); Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol. 222: 581-597 (1992); Marks and Bradbury, in Methods in Molecular Biology 248:161-175 (Lo, ed., Human Press, Totowa, NJ, 2003); Sidhu et al., J. Mol. Biol. 338(2): 299-310 (2004); Lee et al., J. Mol. Biol. 340(5): 1073-1093 (2004); Fellouse, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101(34): 12467-12472 (2004);及びLee et al., J. Immunol. Methods 284(1-2): 119-132(2004)に記載されている。
VEGF抗体の生成のために使用されるVEGF抗原は、例えば、VEGF165分子、並びに所望のエピトープを含む他のVEGFのアイソフォーム又はその断片であってよい。一実施態様において、所望されるエピトープは、ハイブリドーマATCC HB10709によって産生されるモノクローナル抗VEGF抗体A4.6.1と同じエピトープ(本明細書中で定義される「エピトープA.4.6.1」として知られている)に結合する、ベバシズマブによって認識されるものである。本発明の抗VEGF抗体を生成するために有用なVEGFの他の形態は当業者には明らかであろう。
DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCSASQDISNYLNWYQQKPGKAPKVLIYFTSSLHSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQYSTVPWTFGQGTKVEIKR(配列番号1)を含む軽鎖可変領域と、以下のアミノ酸配列
EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGYTFTNYGMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVGWINTYTGEPTYAADFKRRFTFSLDTSKSTAYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAKYPHYYGSSHWYFDVWGQGTLVTVSS(配列番号2)を含む重鎖可変領域を有する。
最良に特性評価された2つのVEGF受容体は、VEGFR1(Flt−1としても知られる)及びVEGFR2(マウスホモログにおいてKDR及びFLK−1としても知られる)である。各VEGFファミリーメンバーに対する各受容体の特異性は変化するが、VEGF−Aは、Flt−1及びKDRの双方に結合する。Flt−1及びKDRは共に受容体チロシンキナーゼ(RTK)のファミリーに属する。RTKは、多様な生物学的活性を有する膜貫通受容体の大きなファミリーを含む。少なくとも19の異なるRTKサブファミリーが同定されている。受容体チロシンキナーゼ(RTK)ファミリーは、種々の細胞型の増殖及び分化に重要である受容体を含む(Yarden and Ullrich (1988) Ann. Rev. Biochem. 57:433-478; Ullrich and Schlessinger (1990) Cell 61:243-254)。RTKの内因性機能は、リガンド結合の際に活性化され、その受容体及び複数の細胞基質のリン酸化、及び続いて種々の細胞応答を生じる(Ullrich & Schlessinger (1990) Cell 61:203-212)。従って、受容体チロシンキナーゼを介するシグナル伝達は、特定の増殖因子(リガンド)との細胞外相互作用によって開始され、典型的には、受容体の二量体化、内因性タンパク質チロシンキナーゼ活性の刺激及び受容体トランスリン酸化が続く。それによって結合部位が細胞内シグナル伝達のために作り出され、適切な細胞応答を容易にする様々な細胞質シグナル伝達分子と複合体を形成する。(例えば細胞分裂、分化、代謝効果、細胞外微小環境の変化)Schlessinger and Ullrich(1992) Neuron 9:1-20を参照のこと。構造的には、Flt−1とKDRの双方共、細胞外ドメインに7の免疫グロブリン様ドメイン、単一の膜貫通領域、及びキナーゼ不活性ドメインによって中断されているコンセンサスチロシンキナーゼ配列を有している。Matthews et al. (1991) PNAS USA 88:9026-9030; Terman et al. (1991) Oncogene 6:1677-1683。細胞外ドメインはVEGFの結合に関与しており、細胞内ドメインはシグナル伝達に関与している。
本発明は、腫瘍増殖を支える栄養分の供給に必要な腫瘍血管の発達を阻害することを目的とした新規な癌治療戦略である抗血管新生療法を包含する。血管新生は原発性腫瘍増殖と転移を伴うので、本発明によって提供される抗血管新生療法は、原発部位での腫瘍の新生物性増殖の阻害並びに二次部位での腫瘍の転移を予防することができ、よって他の療法による腫瘍の攻撃を可能とする。
本発明は、一又は複数の付加的抗癌治療法と抗VEGF抗体の組み合わせの使用又は組成物を特徴とする抗癌療法の例としては、限定されないが、手術、放射線治療(放射線治療)、生物療法、免疫療法、化学療法(例えば、テモゾロミド)、又はこれらの治療の組み合わせを含む。加えて、細胞傷害性薬物、抗血管新生剤及び抗増殖剤は、抗VEGF抗体と組み合わせて使用することができる。
本発明は、良好な医療行為に一致した形で処方され、投与量が決められ、投与される。この場合に考慮される因子には、治療されている特定の疾患、治療されている特定の被験体、個々の被検体の臨床症状、疾患の原因、薬剤の送達部位、投与方法、投与スケジュール、及び医師に知られている他のファクターが含まれる。投与される本発明の「治療的有効量」は、そのような考慮によって決定され得るものであり、増悪するまでの時間(無増悪生存期間)を増加させるため、又は腫瘍、休眠腫瘍、又は微小転移の発生若しくは再発を治療又は予防するために、癌を、予防、改善、又は治療、又は安定化するために必要な最少量である。VEGF特異的アンタゴニストは、必要ではないが任意で、癌又は癌の発症のリスクを予防又は治療するために、現在使用中の一又は複数の薬剤ともに処方される。かかる他の薬剤の有効量は、製剤中に存在するVEGF特異的アンタゴニストの量、疾患又は治療のタイプ、及び上で検討した他の因子に依存する。これらは、一般に、これまで使用されたものと同じ用量及び投与経路で、あるいはこれまで用いられた投薬量の約1から99%で使用される。
本発明に従って使用される、本明細書に記載される抗体の治療製剤は、所望の程度の純度を有する抗体と任意の薬学的に許容される担体、賦形剤又は安定剤(Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed.: Williams and Wilkins PA, USA (1980))とを、凍結乾燥製剤又は水性溶液の形態で混合することによって調製される。許容される担体、賦形剤又は安定剤は、使用される投薬量及び濃度でレシピエントに毒性でなく、リン酸塩、クエン酸塩及び他の有機酸のような緩衝液;アスコルビン酸及びメチオニンを含む抗酸化剤;防腐剤(例えば、オクタデシルジメチオルベンジルアンモニウムクロライド;ヘキサメトニウムクロライド;塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、フェノール、ブチル又はベンジルアルコール;アルキルパラベン、例えば、メチル又はプロピルパラベン;カテコール;レゾルシノール;シクロヘキサノール;3−ペンタノール;及びm−クレゾール);低分子量(約10残基未満)ポリペプチド;タンパク質、例えば、血清アルブミン、ゼラチン、又は免疫グロブリン;親水性ポリマー、例えば、ポリビニルピロリドン;アミノ酸、例えば、グリシン、グルタミン、アスパラギン、ヒスチジン、アルギニン又はリジン;マンノサッカライド、ジサッカライド、及びグルコース、マンノース又はデキストリンを含む他の炭水化物;キレート剤、例えば、EDTA;糖、例えば、スクロース、マンニトール、トレハロース又はソルビトール;塩形成対イオン、例えば、ナトリウム、金属錯体(例えば、Zn−タンパク質錯体);及び/又はTWEENTM、PLURONICSTM又はポリエチレングリコール(PEG)等の非イオン性界面活性剤が挙げられる。凍結乾燥した抗VEGF抗体製剤は、参照により本明細書に援用される国際公開第97/04801号に記載されている。
本明細書において提供される方法、使用及び組成物の主な利点は、被験体が治療全般から恩恵を受けるように、ヒト被験体において、有意な毒性又は副作用を引き起こすことなく、著しい抗癌作用を生み出す能力である。本方法、使用又は組成物の何れかの一実施態様において、安全性プロファイルは、以前のベバシズマブ第III相試験に匹敵する。本発明の治療の有効性は、限定されないが、腫瘍退縮、腫瘍の重量又は大きさの縮小、進行までの時間、生存期間、無増悪生存期間、全奏効率、奏効期間、及び生活の質を含む、一般的に癌治療を評価する際に使用される様々なエンドポイントによって測定することができる。
本発明の他の実施態様において、上述した障害の治療に有用な物質を含む製造品が提供される。製造品は容器、ラベル及びパッケージ挿入物を含む。適切な容器は、例としてボトル、バイアル、シリンジ等を含む。容器はガラス又はプラスチックなどの様々な物質から形成されうる。容器は、症状の治療に有効である組成物を収容し、無菌のアクセスポートを有し得る(例えば、容器は皮下注射針により貫通可能なストッパーを有する静脈内溶液バッグ又はバイアルであってよい)。組成物中の少なくとも一つの活性剤は抗VEGF抗体である。容器に添付又は付属するラベルは、組成物が選択した症状の治療に使用されることを示す。さらに製造品は、薬学的に許容される緩衝液、例えばリン酸緩衝生理食塩水、リンガー液及びデキストロース溶液を含む第二の容器を更に具備してもよい。これは、他の緩衝液、希釈剤、フィルター、針、及びシリンジを含む、商業的及びユーザーの立場から望まれる他の物質をさらに含んでもよい。加えて、製造品は、例えば、組成物の使用者に抗VEGF抗体組成物及び化学療法剤、例えば、テモゾロミドを被験体に投与することを指示することを含む、使用のための指示を有するパッケージ挿入物を含む。パッケージ挿入物は、場合によっては、実施例1に見いだされた結果の一部又は全てを含んでも良い。
18歳以上で、外科的切除又は生検の何れかの後に確定された組織診断で新たに神経膠芽腫と診断された患者。これは、組織学的に検証されたGBMにアップグレードされた低悪性度星細胞腫の診断を以前に受けた未治療(化学療法及び放射線治療)患者を含む。患者のWHOのパフォーマンスステータスは≦2でなければならない。
脳の手術後のMRIにおける最近の出血の証拠。しかし、手術に関連した出血性変化が消散した、臨床的に無症状のヘモジデリンの存在、腫瘍において点状出血の存在を有する患者は試験に参加を許可される。臨床試験への登録のためMGMTステータスについての事前の集中スクリーニング;神経膠芽腫及び低悪性度星細胞腫に対する任意の事前の化学療法(カルムスチン含有ウエハー(Gliadel(登録商標)を含む)又は免疫療法(ワクチン療法を含む);脳への任意の事前の放射線治療又は放射線場に潜在的な重複が生じる任意の事前の放射線治療;高血圧性クリーゼ又は高血圧性脳症の既往歴;無作為化前の1ヶ月以内にNCI−CTCの基準に従って≧グレード2の喀血の既往歴;(治療的抗凝血がない場合)出血性素因又は凝固障害の証拠;無作為化前の28日以内の、大手術、直視下生検、頭蓋内生検、脳室腹腔短絡術又は重大な外傷性損傷;無作為化前の7日以内の、コア生検(頭蓋内生検を除く)又は他の軽微な外科的処置。ベバシズマブ/プラセボ投与の前の2日以内に行われる場合、中心血管アクセスデバイス(CVAD)の配置;無作為化前の6ヶ月以内に腹瘻又は消化管穿孔の既往歴;無作為化前の6ヶ月以内に、頭蓋内膿瘍の既往歴;深刻な非治癒傷、活動性潰瘍又は未治療骨折。妊娠中又は授乳中の女性。試験治療開始前の7日以内又は(試験治療開始前の7日以内に確認の尿妊娠検査を伴う)14日以内に評価される血清妊娠検査;非常に効果の高い、ホルモン性避妊手段又は非ホルモン性の避妊手段(即ち、子宮内避妊具)を使用しない(最後の月経後2年未満又は外科的に不妊ではないと定義される)繁殖性の女性と男性;無作為化前6ヶ月以内の脳卒中又は一過性脳虚血発作(TIA)の既往歴;無作為化前6ヶ月以内に、制御が不十分な高血圧(持続的収縮期血圧>150mmHg及び/又は拡張期圧>100mmHg)、又は外科的修復を必要とする大動脈瘤又は最近の末梢動脈血栓症を含む重大な血管疾患。無作為化前6ヶ月以内に心筋梗塞又は不安定狭心症又はニューヨーク心臓協会(NYHA)グレードII以上のうっ血性心不全(CHF);試験薬物又は賦形剤の何れかに対する既知の過敏症。
適格患者は、新たに神経膠芽腫と診断された(WHOのパフォーマンスステータスが≦2)。外科的切除の後、患者は、放射線とプラセボと共にテモゾロミドとの、又は放射線とベバシズマブと共にテモゾロミドとの同時併用療法、続く28日間の治療中断、テモゾロミドと組み合わせて10mg/kgのベバシズマブ又はプラセボを隔週投与される維持療法、及び疾患の進行又は許容できない毒性に至るまで、15mg/kgのベバシズマブ又はプラセボが3週間毎に投与される単剤療法に対して無作為化された。プラセボ治療群の患者は増悪時に研究者の裁量で治療された。本計画は、テモゾロミド+放射線治療+プラセボにより7.0カ月、及びテモゾロミド+放射線治療+ベバシズマブにより9.1カ月のPFS中央値を仮定して、677事象について両側ログランク検定及びα=0.01を用いてPFSのハザード比(HR)0.769を検出するのに80%検出力を提供した。
Claims (1)
- ベバシズマブの有効量を含む、神経膠芽腫と診断された患者を治療するための方法において使用するための医薬であって、前記方法は、前記患者に、ベバシズマブの有効量及び化学療法剤の有効量を含む治療法並びに放射線治療方法を施すことに続いて、ベバシズマブの有効量及び化学療法剤の有効量を含む治療法を施すことを含み、
前記治療法は、ベバシズマブなしの前記化学療法剤を受けた神経膠芽腫患者と比較して、前記患者の無増悪生存期間の中央値を延長し、
前記患者はベバシズマブ治療の開始時にステロイドによる治療を受けており、患者へのステロイドの投与はベバシズマブ治療の経過中に中止される、医薬。
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JP2021138704A (ja) | 2021-09-16 |
CN104507498A (zh) | 2015-04-08 |
AU2018253461A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
AU2013299724A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
AU2016244262B2 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
MX360189B (es) | 2018-10-24 |
MX2015001627A (es) | 2015-06-23 |
KR20180011356A (ko) | 2018-01-31 |
IL263661A (en) | 2019-01-31 |
JP2018008946A (ja) | 2018-01-18 |
BR112015002681A2 (pt) | 2018-08-28 |
RU2015104001A (ru) | 2016-09-27 |
AU2016244262A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
KR20150038593A (ko) | 2015-04-08 |
CA2880767A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
WO2014025813A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
US20200086139A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 |
US20150148585A1 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
EP2882454B1 (en) | 2018-10-10 |
KR20190088571A (ko) | 2019-07-26 |
HK1204993A1 (en) | 2015-12-11 |
JP2015525798A (ja) | 2015-09-07 |
JP2019147812A (ja) | 2019-09-05 |
SG11201500903XA (en) | 2015-03-30 |
ZA201500811B (en) | 2016-10-26 |
EP2882454A1 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
EP3446709A1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
IL237028B (en) | 2019-03-31 |
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