JP6453530B2 - Hazardous waste treatment method and compost manufacturing method used for the treatment method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for treating hazardous waste for treating organic waste or inorganic waste containing harmful substances such as residual agricultural chemicals, heavy metals, hazardous chemicals, and radionuclides, a method for producing compost used in the treatment method, and harmful The present invention relates to a waste treatment system.

  In the radioactive contamination caused by the nuclear accident caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake, not only the soil and rivers around the nuclear power plant, but also the high radiation from sludge and incineration ash at urban sewage treatment plants and incineration facilities far away from the nuclear power plant. Has been detected. Although decontamination work is being conducted in the vicinity of the nuclear power plant that caused the accident, no effective means has been found for the treatment of sludge and incineration ash, including the waste produced by the decontamination work.

  On the other hand, research results have been reported that humic substances (fulvic acid and humic acid) extracted from ancient plant sediments called humanic shale neutralize and detoxify radionuclides by sorption binding. In addition, humic substances such as fulvic acid and humic acid have a chelating function, forming complexes with various harmful substances such as residual agricultural chemicals, heavy metals, harmful chemical substances, radionuclides, and detoxifying these harmful substances. Research results have also been reported.

  Regarding a method for treating radioactive substances using humic substances, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for detoxifying wastewater containing radioactive substances in nuclear facilities. In the treatment method described in Patent Document 1, radioactive wastewater generated from a nuclear facility is separated into solid and liquid, and the wastewater from which the radioactive solid material is removed is ionized by a reverse osmosis membrane filtration device and does not contain soluble radioactive material, Divide into concentrated water containing soluble radioactive substances, add fulvic acid to this concentrated water, form a complex with radioactive substance ions dissolved in concentrated water and fulvic acid, and do not absorb radioactive substance ions It is detoxified.

  Also, cited document 2 discloses an environmental purification method using a photosynthetic bacterium exhibiting a high adsorption ability for a wide range of heavy metals including radionuclides. The environmental purification method described in Patent Document 2 uses Rhodobacter sphaeroides SSI strain, and uses the electric attraction of cell surface proteins and RNA produced by this SSI strain to make heavy metals in the environment. (In particular, radionuclides such as Sr, U, and Co) are adsorbed and recovered.

JP 2012-225810 A JP 2009-178074 A

  The treatment methods described in Cited Document 1 and Cited Document 2 may be used in a limited environment such as in a nuclear facility, but detoxify or collect radionuclides scattered in a wide area by the nuclear accident. It is difficult and is not actually used.

  Moreover, it is said that humic substances, such as a fulvic acid and humic acid, cannot be artificially synthesize | combined, and generally it is obtained by extracting from the ancient plant sedimentary layer called a Humic shale. In particular, since fulvic acid requires a long time for purification, it is difficult to provide a stable supply continuously, and a large amount of toxic substances such as residual agricultural chemicals, heavy metals, hazardous chemicals, and radionuclides are continuously processed. There was a problem that it could not be done.

  In addition, waste from decontamination work associated with the nuclear accident, sludge and incineration ash discharged from sewage treatment plants and incineration facilities are enormous and it is difficult to secure storage space. It is also desired to reduce the volume of waste at the same time as the detoxification treatment of radionuclides contained in

  Therefore, the present invention is a treatment of hazardous waste that can be detoxified by continuously treating organic waste or inorganic waste containing harmful substances such as residual agricultural chemicals, heavy metals, hazardous chemicals, and radionuclides. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method, a compost manufacturing method used for the processing method, and a hazardous waste processing system.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is a hazardous waste processing method for processing an organic waste containing a hazardous substance, wherein the fungus bed material contains a useful microorganism for decomposing the organic waste. And a photosynthetic bacterium, a microbial activator obtained by dissolving a silicon-containing solute obtained by mixing and heat-treating a silicon-containing substance and an alkaline substance in an acid solvent, and an organic waste containing the harmful substance. The present invention provides a method for treating hazardous wastes.

  The present invention also relates to a method for treating hazardous waste for treating organic waste containing harmful substances, comprising a carrier supporting microorganisms and photosynthetic bacteria, and useful microorganisms for decomposing the organic waste. And a microbial activator obtained by dissolving a silicon-containing solute obtained by mixing and heat-treating a silicon-containing substance and an alkaline substance in an acid solvent, and an organic waste containing the harmful substance. A method for treating hazardous waste is provided.

  The present invention also relates to a hazardous waste treatment method for treating inorganic waste and / or organic waste containing hazardous substances, wherein the organic waste is decomposed by useful microorganisms including photosynthetic bacteria and compost is treated. A compost production process for producing a hazardous substance treatment process for stirring and mixing the compost and the inorganic waste and / or organic waste to treat the hazardous waste, and the compost production process comprises: A microbial activator obtained by dissolving a silicon-containing solute that has been heat-treated by mixing a silicon-containing substance and an alkaline substance in an acid solvent, a carrier supporting the microorganism, the useful microorganism, and the organic waste are mixed by stirring. The present invention provides a method for treating hazardous waste.

  In the hazardous waste processing method of the present invention, the silicon-containing solute is composed of one or more substances selected from the group consisting of cement, cement intermediates, blast furnace slag, and coal ash.

  In the hazardous waste processing method of the present invention, the acid solvent is dilute hydrochloric acid.

  In the hazardous waste treatment method of the present invention, the acid solvent contains one or more gelation inhibitors selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, ammonium acetate, and ammonium chloride.

  In addition, the hazardous waste processing method of the present invention is characterized in that the carrier or the fungus bed material contains rice husk or rice bran.

  The hazardous waste treatment method of the present invention is characterized in that the useful microorganism further includes one or more microorganisms selected from the group of Bacillus bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts.

  In the hazardous waste processing method of the present invention, the hazardous substance is a radionuclide.

  Moreover, this invention provides the manufacturing method of the compost which manufactures the compost used for the processing method of said hazardous waste.

  Further, the present invention is a hazardous waste processing system used in the above-mentioned hazardous waste processing method, which has a stirring function and has a processing tank for storing and processing the hazardous waste. A system is provided.

  Further, in the hazardous waste processing system of the present invention, the processing tank is formed of a cylindrical body having both ends closed, and the cylindrical shape comes into contact with the outer periphery of the cylindrical body in which a rotation axis is arranged in a substantially horizontal direction. A driving roller for rotating the body is provided.

  In the hazardous waste processing system, the present invention may further include a blowing unit for sending air into the treatment tank, and the blowing unit generates a magnetic field in the blowing path, and generates a magnetic field. You may provide the electron generation means to radiate | emit an electron to the made ventilation path. Further, in the present invention, the compost manufacturing process may include air blowing means for sending air into the treatment tank, and the air blowing means generates a magnetic field in the air passage, and the air blowing that generates the magnetic field. Electron generation means for emitting electrons to the path may be provided.

  The magnetic field generating means may be configured to generate a magnetic field in the blowing direction and to cause the electron generating means to emit electrons in the blowing direction. In the present invention, the magnetic field generating means and the electron generating means can supply energy necessary for the useful microorganisms to decompose the organic waste, and the waste containing cellulose, grease trap sludge, Persistent organic waste such as residual sludge containing molecular flocculants can also be reliably decomposed, and compost containing abundant humic substances can be decomposed in a very short time. Can be manufactured.

  In the present invention, it is preferable that the photosynthetic bacterium is a red bacterium or contains a red bacterium. It is also desirable to add cyanobacteria.

  Moreover, this invention may add the aqueous solution, metal, or metal compound which supplies a bivalent iron ion or / and a monovalent copper ion in the said processing tank.

  Moreover, this invention may add 1 or 2 or more adjuvants chosen from the group of copper, zinc, and manganese in the said processing tank.

  Further, the present invention preferably uses the microbial activator in which the silicon-containing solute is heat-treated at a temperature not higher than the thermal melting point of the silicon-containing substance. Since this silicon-containing solute has excellent acid solubility, it is dissolved in an acid solvent to form a stable silicon sol, which can be easily mixed with the fungus bed material, carrier, and waste to be treated.

  Moreover, it is preferable that this invention uses the said microbial activator in which the said alkaline substance consists of calcium carbonate or lime. This microbial activator can improve the solubility in an acid solvent since the silicon-containing solute is in a powder form. Moreover, the microbial activator can promote the growth of useful microorganisms and maintain the activated state of the useful microorganisms by containing calcium rich in the silicic acid solution.

  The microbial activator is preferably such that the silicon-containing substance contains magnesium or a magnesium compound, and may be added with an aqueous magnesium solution. Since this microbial activator contains abundant inorganic salts that promote the growth of useful microorganisms when the silicon-containing substance contains magnesium or a magnesium compound, it promotes the further growth of useful microorganisms and activates the useful microorganisms. Can be maintained.

  The microbial activator is preferably adjusted to pH by adding calcium hydroxide. Calcium hydroxide can be adjusted to a pH value at which useful microorganisms are activated and proliferate easily in the treatment tank, and calcium that promotes useful microorganisms and activates the useful microorganisms can be supplied. In addition, since the microbial activator can maintain the temperature in the treatment tank by the heat of hydration of calcium hydroxide, a heat source such as a heater becomes unnecessary, and the processing cost of organic waste can be greatly reduced. it can.

  The hazardous waste treatment method of the present invention is a hazardous waste treatment method for treating an organic waste containing a hazardous substance, and a fungus bed material containing useful microorganisms for decomposing the organic waste, By stirring and mixing photosynthetic bacteria, a microbial activator obtained by dissolving a silicon-containing solute that has been heat-treated by mixing a silicon-containing substance and an alkaline substance, and an organic waste containing the harmful substance , Useful microorganisms (microorganisms contained in photosynthetic bacteria and fungus bed materials) used for organic waste decomposition treatment can be activated by a microbial activator containing a silicon sol obtained by dissolving a silicon-containing solute in an acid solvent. At the same time, when the silicon sol is gelled, it becomes porous and acts as a carrier for supporting useful microorganisms, which can promote the growth of useful microorganisms and maintain the activated state of useful microorganisms. The effect of the organic waste can be decomposed between.

  In addition, silicon gel obtained by gelling silicon sol has an agglomeration effect and aggregates soil by making organic matter into a colloidal state. This aggregated material such as humic substances enhances the CEC cation exchange bridge, thereby allowing more positive ion material to be adsorbed more strongly. The adsorbed positive ion substances (calcium, magnesium, etc.) are minerals necessary for microorganisms, and are effective for activating microorganisms to produce enzymes.

  In addition, the present invention includes useful microorganisms activated by a microbial activator to decompose organic waste into compost containing abundant humic substances such as humic acid and fulvic acid. It is possible to artificially generate and continuously supply humic substances that can absorb and bind harmful substances such as residual agricultural chemicals, heavy metals, harmful chemical substances, and radionuclides. Thereby, the hazardous waste processing method of the present invention decomposes organic waste to reduce its volume, and at the same time detoxifies various toxic substances, such as humic acid and fulvic acid such as humic substances. Can be continuously supplied, and the harmful substances contained in the organic waste can be recovered while detoxifying.

  In addition, fulvic acid has an action of adsorbing (absorbing and binding) various chemical substances that are toxic to humans and organisms, and fulvic acid and humic acid are radionuclides such as cesium 134, cesium 137, plutonium 239, and plutonium. 240, uranium 235, uranium 238, strontium 90 and the like can be absorbed and bonded, and these harmful substances can be detoxified.

  The hazardous waste processing method of the present invention is a hazardous waste processing method for processing organic waste containing hazardous substances, comprising a carrier supporting microorganisms and photosynthetic bacteria, and the organic waste Stirring useful microorganisms for decomposing substances, microbial activators obtained by dissolving silicon-containing solutes mixed with silicon-containing substances and alkaline substances and heat-treated in acid solvents, and organic waste containing the harmful substances By mixing, a microorganism activating agent containing a silicon sol obtained by dissolving a silicon-containing solute in an acid solvent can activate useful microorganisms that contain photosynthetic bacteria and are used for the decomposition treatment of organic waste, and silicon. When the sol is gelled, it becomes porous and acts as a carrier for supporting useful microorganisms, which can promote the growth of useful microorganisms and maintain the activated state of useful microorganisms. The effect of the organic waste can be decomposed between.

  As a carrier, cedar chips are porous, which is suitable for useful microorganisms to live in the porous. In addition, rice husk contains sugar and abundant magnesium silicate, so it also acts as a nutrient for useful microorganisms.

  In addition, the present invention includes useful microorganisms activated by a microbial activator to decompose organic waste into compost containing abundant humic substances such as humic acid and fulvic acid. It is possible to artificially generate and continuously supply humic substances that can absorb and bind harmful substances such as residual agricultural chemicals, heavy metals, harmful chemical substances, and radionuclides. Thereby, the hazardous waste processing method of the present invention decomposes organic waste to reduce its volume, and at the same time detoxifies various toxic substances, such as humic acid and fulvic acid such as humic substances. Can be continuously supplied, and the harmful substances contained in the organic waste can be recovered while detoxifying.

  In addition, the hazardous waste processing method of the present invention is a method for treating inorganic waste containing hazardous substances and / or organic waste, which is disposed of by useful microorganisms including photosynthetic bacteria. A compost manufacturing process for decomposing and manufacturing compost, and a hazardous substance processing process for processing hazardous waste by stirring and mixing the compost and the inorganic waste and / or organic waste. The compost manufacturing process includes a microbial activator obtained by dissolving a silicon-containing solute obtained by mixing a silicon-containing substance and an alkaline substance and heat-treating it in an acid solvent, a carrier supporting the microorganism, the useful microorganism, and the organic By mixing the waste with agitation, the compost manufacturing process includes photosynthetic bacteria, organically containing microbial activators including silicon sol obtained by dissolving a silicon-containing solute in an acid solvent. Useful microorganisms that can activate useful microorganisms that are used for waste decomposition treatment, and that become porous when silicon sol gels, act as a carrier that supports useful microorganisms, and promote the growth of useful microorganisms. Since the activated state can be maintained, the organic waste can be decomposed in a short time to produce a compost having a high C / N ratio.

  In addition, because compost produced in the compost manufacturing process contains abundant humic substances such as humic acid and fulvic acid, the hazardous substance treatment process includes compost containing abundant humic substances such as humic acid and fulvic acid. By stirring and mixing with hazardous waste, humic substances can be collected while absorbing and binding harmful substances such as residual agricultural chemicals, heavy metals, hazardous chemicals, and radionuclides contained in hazardous waste, and detoxifying the harmful substances. it can. In the hazardous waste processing method of the present invention, compost containing abundant humic substances is manufactured in the compost manufacturing process, and the hazardous waste is processed in the hazardous substance processing process using this compost. Even if it is inorganic waste, it can continuously supply humic substances such as humic acid and fulvic acid that can detoxify various harmful substances, inorganic waste and / or organic waste There is an effect that it is possible to recover while detoxifying harmful substances contained in the object.

  In the hazardous waste processing method of the present invention, the silicon-containing solute is composed of one or more substances selected from the group consisting of cement, cement intermediates, blast furnace slag, and coal ash. A silicon-containing solute can be dissolved in an acid solvent to produce a silicic acid solution. In particular, cement, cement intermediate products, and blast furnace slag are rich in calcium and magnesium, which are inorganic salts that promote the growth of useful microorganisms. Has the effect of maintaining the activated state.

The hazardous waste processing method of the present invention is a safe and non-toxic microbial activator because the acid solvent comprises dilute hydrochloric acid, so that hydrochloric acid has high calcium solubility and, when neutralized, calcium chloride (CaCl ₂ ). There is an effect that can be generated.

  The hazardous waste processing method of the present invention is characterized in that the acid solvent contains one or more gelation inhibitors selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, ammonium acetate, and ammonium chloride, thereby preventing gelation. Since the agent can suppress the gelation of the silicon sol and maintain a stable sol state for a long period of time, the microbial activator can be easily stored and transported. Further, since these gelation inhibitors are decomposed by useful microorganisms in the treatment tank, the silicic acid solution is gelled to become porous, and has an effect of acting as a carrier for supporting the useful microorganisms.

  Further, the hazardous waste processing method of the present invention is such that the carrier or the fungus bed material contains rice husk or rice bran to supply phosphoric acid and minerals to useful microorganisms, and the useful microorganisms decompose organic waste. There is an effect of supplying energy required for the operation.

  In the hazardous waste treatment method of the present invention, the useful microorganism is activated by a microbial activator by further including one or more microorganisms selected from the group of Bacillus bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts. In addition to waste containing cellulose, which is difficult or difficult to decompose by conventional microbial treatment, residual sewage containing grease trap sludge and petroleum polymer flocculant, useful microorganisms include feces such as okara and rabbits. It has the effect of being able to decompose difficult-to-decompose organic wastes such as chicken pail.

  Further, the hazardous waste processing method of the present invention is such that the harmful substance is a radionuclide, so that the energy required for the useful microorganisms including the photosynthetic bacteria to decompose the organic waste is radiated from the radionuclide. By adding a microbial activator and stirring the organic waste containing the radionuclide and the useful microorganism, the useful microorganism decomposes the organic waste in a short time and humic substances. Can be generated. Further, the radionuclide has an effect that it can be detoxified and recovered by humic substances such as humic acid and fulvic acid generated in the process of decomposing organic waste.

  Moreover, the manufacturing method of the compost of this invention can manufacture the compost containing abundant humic substance from the organic waste discharged | emitted every day by manufacturing the compost used for the processing method of said hazardous waste. Therefore, it is possible to continuously supply a large amount of compost used for the treatment of hazardous waste.

  Further, the hazardous waste processing system of the present invention is a hazardous waste processing system used in the above-mentioned hazardous waste processing method, and has a stirring function, and accommodates and processes the hazardous waste. In the treatment tank, humic substances such as humic acid and fulvic acid that can detoxify various harmful substances and continuously reduce the volume of organic waste in the treatment tank. It is possible to supply, and there is an effect that the harmful substances contained in the organic waste can be reliably recovered while detoxifying.

  Further, in the hazardous waste processing system of the present invention, the processing tank is formed of a cylindrical body having both ends closed, and the cylindrical shape comes into contact with the outer periphery of the cylindrical body in which a rotation axis is arranged in a substantially horizontal direction. By providing a driving roller for rotating the body, the cylindrical treatment tank itself can be rotated to stir wastes and the like contained therein, so that even a large-capacity treatment tank is small. There is an effect that can be reliably stirred by the driving force.

The block diagram which shows one Example of the processing system used for the processing method of the hazardous waste of this invention. The block diagram which shows the other Example of the processing system. The block diagram which shows another Example of the processing system. Sectional drawing which shows one Example of the processing tank of the processing system. The block diagram which shows one Example of the compost manufacturing apparatus used for the processing method of the hazardous waste of this invention. The block diagram which shows one Example of the energy supply apparatus used for a processing system. The block diagram which shows the principal part of one Example of the energy supply apparatus. The block diagram which shows the other Example of the energy supply apparatus. The block diagram which shows the principal part of the other Example of the energy supply apparatus.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described based on examples shown in the drawings.

  The method for treating hazardous waste according to the present invention is a method for treating organic waste 4 containing hazardous substances, comprising a fungus bed material 1 containing useful microorganisms for decomposing organic waste 4, and photosynthesis. Stir and mix bacteria 2, microbial activator 3 obtained by dissolving a silicon-containing solute that has been heat-treated by mixing a silicon-containing substance and an alkaline substance, and an organic waste 4 that contains harmful substances. Features.

  FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a processing system used in the hazardous waste processing method of the present invention. The fungus bed 1 is obtained by decomposing organic waste and composting it using useful microorganisms such as Bacillus bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, filamentous fungi, cyanobacteria, and activated sludge bacteria. In this example, the organic waste was dehydrated by mixing rabbit excrement and food left over by the rabbit.

  Useful microorganisms were obtained by cutting the mugwort leaves before dawn and culturing the microorganisms attached to the mugwort leaves. This useful microorganism can be obtained by sprinkling rock salt on mugwort leaves cut before dawn and capping, and then adding molasses to mugwort leaves and culturing at 38 to 40 ° C. for a certain period of time.

  For the production of the fungal bed 1, sawdust is used as a carrier for supporting microorganisms, and organic waste consisting of the sawdust, rice bran, the above-mentioned useful microorganisms, and rabbit excrement is contained in a treatment tank and stirred for several days. As a result, the organic waste is composted with useful microorganisms, and the fungus bed 1 is obtained. In addition, the manufacturing method of the microbial bed 1 is not limited to an Example. Further, the useful microorganisms contained in the fungus bed 1 are preferably those containing one or more microorganisms selected from the group of Bacillus bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts, but are not limited thereto, and include photosynthetic bacteria. You may go out.

  In this example, a red bacterium (Proteobacteria) was used as the photosynthetic bacterium 2. Examples of red bacteria include alpha proteobacteria, beta proteobacteria, and gamma proteobacteria. Examples of Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodobacter, and Ectothiorhodospira genus, especially Rhodobacter sphaeroacter Rdobacter R capsulatus, Rhodospirillum rubrum, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii (Ectothiorhodospira vacuolata), Ectothiorhodospira mobilis, Ectothiorhodospira halophila can be used.

  Examples of available strains include S, IL106, IFO12203, KA38, NR3, ATCC17023, NI17, NI20, P2, and MC9R for Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and MS9R for Rhodobacter capsulatus. For example, G-9BM and IFO3986 strains can be exemplified for Rhodospirillum rubrum, ATCC17001 strain, SA37 strain, NIV2 strain, and DIII4 strain can be exemplified for Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii (Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovlat) The ATCC 31751 strain can be exemplified, the Ectothiorhodospira mobilis can be exemplified by the NI8 strain, and the Ectothiorhodospira halophila can be exemplified by the H16 strain, but is not limited thereto. The photosynthetic bacteria 2 may include one or more kinds of various microorganisms, and may be a mixture of plural kinds.

  The photosynthetic bacterium 3 is preferably a red non-sulfur bacterium that can act under aerobic conditions. It prefers to decompose organic substances such as fats and oils and starch, and also decomposes hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, etc., which cause odors, to eliminate malodors. be able to.

  The microbial activator 3 is obtained by dissolving a silicon-containing solute obtained by mixing and heat-treating a silicon-containing substance and an alkaline substance in an acid solvent. As the silicon-containing solute, a product obtained by mixing and heat-treating a silicon-containing substance and an alkaline substance, such as cement, an intermediate product of cement, blast furnace slag, coal ash, etc., can be used as easily available. Since these silicon-containing solutes contain iron and magnesium in addition to silicon and calcium, which are the main components, useful microorganisms can be activated. In this example, silica cement having a high silicon content (4: 6 by weight ratio of silicon and calcium) is used as the silicon-containing solute, and clay is added to a temperature below the thermal melting point of the silicon-containing material ( 1300 ° C.). As a result, the silicon-containing solute contains trace elements such as sulfur, manganese, boron, copper, zinc, and molybdenum in addition to the above-described silicon, calcium, iron, and magnesium, and generates a microbial activator suitable for useful microorganisms. be able to.

In this example, hydrochloric acid (HCl) is used as the acid solvent, and the silicon-containing solute is dissolved in 33% hydrochloric acid until saturated. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is highly soluble in calcium and, when neutralized, becomes calcium chloride (CaCl ₂ ) and is safe and non-toxic. Therefore, hydrochloric acid is preferably used as the acid solvent. Further, since the solubility of silicon with respect to the acid concentration is constant and the density of the silicon sol dispersed in the liquid volume can only be kept stable in a constant water gap, diluted hydrochloric acid diluted with hydrochloric acid as an acid solvent. In particular, it is preferable to use dilute hydrochloric acid diluted 3 to 7 times. The acid solvent is not limited to hydrochloric acid (HCl), and other acid solutions can also be used.

Moreover, the acid solvent contains acetic acid (C ₂ H ₄ O ₂ ) as a gelation inhibitor. The acid solvent contains acetic acid (C ₂ H ₄ O ₂ ) as a gelation inhibitor, so that the drop amount of acetic acid is adjusted by adjusting the acetic acid pH buffering action and the convergence of the sol and colloid. Gelation can be suppressed. In addition, since organic acids such as acetic acid are excellent substrates for red bacteria, the use of acetic acid as a gelation inhibitor can further activate useful microorganisms.

When the microbial activator 3 is accommodated in the treatment tank 11, the gelation inhibitor is decomposed by useful microorganisms including the photosynthetic bacteria 2, so that the silicon sol gels to become porous and carries the useful microorganisms. It can also act as a carrier. Note that the gelation of the silicon sol can be suppressed similarly to acetic acid by using a mixed acid obtained by adding ammonium acetate (CH ₃ COONH ₄ ) or ammonium chloride (NH ₄ Cl) to dilute hydrochloric acid.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a treatment tank of a treatment system used in the hazardous waste treatment method of the present invention. The treatment system 10 includes a treatment tank 11 that contains the fungus bed 1, the photosynthetic bacteria 2, and the microorganism activator 3, and an agitation mechanism 12 that agitates the contents accommodated in the treatment tank 11. The processing tank 11 is formed of a cylindrical body whose both ends are closed, and is arranged so that the rotation axis of the cylindrical body is in a substantially horizontal direction. The agitating mechanism 12 is provided in contact with the outer periphery of the cylindrical body, and a driving roller 13 that rotationally drives the processing tank 11, a driven roller 14 that follows the rotation of the processing tank 11, and a driving motor that rotationally drives the driving roller 13. 15. The treatment tank 11 is provided with a door for loading the fungus bed material 1, the photosynthetic bacteria 2, the microbial activator 3, and the organic waste 4 containing harmful substances and discharging the treated waste. .

  In the treatment tank 11, the fungus floor material 1, the photosynthetic bacteria 2, the microbial activator 3, and the organic waste 4 containing harmful substances are accommodated and agitated as the treatment tank 11 rotates. It is preferable that the stirring mechanism 12 is configured to rotate the processing tank 11 once or twice per minute. In addition, a stirring claw that rotates relative to the processing tank 11 may be provided in the processing tank 11 so that the bacteria bed 1 and the organic waste 4 attached to the inner surface of the processing tank 11 are scraped off. Good.

[Comparative example]
In the present Example shown in FIG. 1, the change of the radiation dose was measured by processing the sludge containing the radionuclides cesium 134 and cesium 137. In this example, an organic waste containing rabbit excreta was decomposed with useful microorganisms obtained by culturing microorganisms adhering to the leaves of mugwort. Milliliter), 100 mL of the photosynthetic bacteria culture solution, and 100 mL of ferric chloride solution were mixed and sprayed. On the other hand, the comparative example used only the fungus bed produced by decomposing and treating organic waste containing cattle manure with useful microorganisms obtained by culturing microorganisms adhering to mugwort leaves.

  The sludge was treated for 4 days from January 7 to 10, 2013 in the wastewater treatment plant using sludge discharged from the village wastewater treatment plant in the Iwashiro Seseragi Center in Nihonmatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture. The radiation dose of the sludge before the treatment was 2,670 Bq / kg for cesium 137, 1,490 Bq / kg for cesium 134, and the total was 4,160 Bq / kg. For the measurement of radiation dose, a measuring instrument made by ATOMTEX was used. In the comparative experiment, 2 kg of sludge was mixed with 6 kg of each bacterial bed, and the mixture was stirred in a 10 L treatment tank (with a stirring mechanism). The results of the comparative experiment are shown in Table 1.

  In a state where the fungus bed and sludge were mixed, the radiation dose before treatment was about 2,200 Bq / kg in total for cesium 134 and cesium 137. In the treatment tank, the radiation dose after the treatment for 24 hours was 2,670 Bq / kg in total in the comparative example, whereas it was 1,770 Bq / kg in this example. This indicates that the amount of radiation per unit weight increased by 470 Bq / kg in the comparative example because sludge was decomposed by useful microorganisms contained in the fungus bed and the weight was reduced. On the other hand, in this example, although the sludge was decomposed and the weight was reduced, the radiation dose per unit weight was reduced by 470 Bq / kg. This indicates that the radionuclides cesium 134 and cesium 137 are rendered harmless in this embodiment.

  Thereafter, in both the present example and the comparative example, only 2 kg of sludge was further added and the treatment was continued for 48 hours. The radiation dose after treatment was 3,610 Bq / kg in total for the comparative examples (640 Bq / kg increased in 48 hours), whereas this example was 2,150 Bq / kg in total (420 Bq / kg in 48 hours). kg). In this example, the final weight is 6.1 kg, which is substantially the same as the weight of the firstly added fungus bed, so that the radionuclide cesium 134 and cesium 137 are decomposed while decomposing most of the input sludge to reduce the volume. Is detoxifying. In addition, it was found that, in this example, by introducing organic waste into the treatment tank, it was possible to maintain the activated state of the microorganism and maintain the detoxification ability of the radionuclide.

  The radionuclides cesium 134 and cesium 137 emit gamma rays at the time of decay and divide the substance into positive ion substances and negative ion substances, but the hazardous waste treatment method of the present invention also adsorbs the separated ionic substances, It is thought that they are producing enzymes useful for microorganisms. In addition, since humic acid and fulvic acid are negatively charged, it is considered that a positive ion substance such as radionuclides cesium 134 and cesium 137 is adsorbed and chelated to form a complex.

  The method for treating hazardous waste according to the present invention is a method for treating organic waste 4 containing harmful substances, comprising a carrier 5 supporting microorganisms and photosynthetic bacteria 2, and decomposing the organic waste 4 A useful microorganism 1 to be treated, a microbial activator 3 obtained by dissolving a silicon-containing solute that has been heat-treated by mixing a silicon-containing substance and an alkaline substance, in an acid solvent, and an organic waste 4 containing harmful substances are stirred and mixed. It is characterized by doing.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the treatment system used in the hazardous waste treatment method of the present invention. Useful microorganisms 1 include Bacillus bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes, filamentous fungi, cyanobacteria, activated sludge bacteria, and the like, and include photosynthetic bacteria 2. In this example, a red bacterium (Proteobacteria) was used as the photosynthetic bacterium 2. Examples of red bacteria are as described in Example 1.

The microbial activator 3 is obtained by dissolving a silicon-containing solute obtained by mixing and heat-treating a silicon-containing substance and an alkaline substance in an acid solvent. In this example, silica cement having a high silicon content (4: 6 by weight ratio of silicon and calcium) is used as the silicon-containing solute, and clay is added to a temperature below the thermal melting point of the silicon-containing material ( 1300 ° C.). Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is used as the acid solvent, and the silicon-containing solute is dissolved in 33% hydrochloric acid until saturated. Moreover, the acid solvent contains acetic acid (C ₂ H ₄ O ₂ ) as a gelation inhibitor.

  Moreover, as a silicon-containing solute, easily available ordinary cement (Portland cement) can also be used. The silicon-containing solute may be used by mixing two or more substances selected from the group consisting of cement, cement intermediates, blast furnace slag, and coal ash. As shown in Table 1, ordinary cement is rich in magnesium and calcium, which are inorganic salts that promote the growth of useful microorganisms. Therefore, it is preferable to use ordinary cement as a silicon-containing solute. It is more preferable to use a silica cement in which a natural siliceous mixture containing 60% or more of silicon dioxide and Portland cement are mixed to increase the silicon content.

  Further, it is more preferable to use a silicon-containing solute that is a mixture of a silicon-containing substance and an alkaline substance and heat-treated at a temperature not higher than the thermal melting point of the silicon-containing substance. Since this silicon-containing solute has excellent acid solubility, it dissolves in an acid solvent to form a stable silicon sol, which can be easily mixed with a carrier or waste to be treated.

The silicon-containing material is a natural earth or rock containing a silicon compound such as silicon dioxide (SiO ₂ ), or a processed product containing them. In addition, the silicon-containing substance preferably contains magnesium in order to promote the growth of useful microorganisms such as Bacillus bacteria. For example, as shown in Table 1, the silicon-containing material has a high silicon dioxide content and contains iron oxide (FeO ₃ ) and magnesium oxide (MgO). ) Can be used.

The alkaline substance is mixed in order to change the silicon-containing substance into acid solubility. In the embodiment, calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ) or lime is mixed as the alkaline substance with the silicon-containing substance and heat-treated. Thereby, the generated silicon-containing solute becomes powdery, so that solubility in an acid solvent is improved and calcium, which is an inorganic salt that promotes the growth of useful microorganisms, can be included. This heat treatment is preferably performed at a temperature not higher than the thermal melting point of the silicon-containing material, because if it is performed at a temperature higher than the thermal melting point of the silicon-containing material, it becomes glassy and its solubility is lowered. When the silicon-containing material is Ibube Shirato (earth in Ibube, Okinawa Prefecture) shown in Table 1, it is performed at an arbitrary temperature of about 1300 ° C. or lower, which is the thermal melting point of Ibube Shirato, and the thermal melting point. It is preferable to perform heat treatment at 1150 to 1250 ° C., which is close to.

  Moreover, what baked the carbide slurry which has calcium hydroxide as a main component and contains silicon dioxide at 800 to 1300 degreeC can also be used for a silicon-containing solute.

  The microbial activator 3 is preferably added with an aqueous magnesium solution. Magnesium, together with calcium added as an alkaline substance, is an inorganic salt that promotes the growth of useful microorganisms, so it can promote further growth of useful microorganisms and maintain the activated state of useful microorganisms.

In this embodiment, when pH adjustment is required depending on the object to be treated, calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) ₂ ) is accommodated in the treatment tank 11 as a pH adjuster. The temperature in the treatment tank 11 can be maintained at about 40 to 50 ° C. by the heat of hydration of calcium hydroxide. As the pH adjuster, an alkaline agent such as caustic soda (NaOH), calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ), or lime can be used, but calcium hydroxide is used because heat of hydration can be used. It is preferable.

In this embodiment, rice husks are accommodated in the treatment tank 11 as a carrier. The rice husk contains abundant silicon dioxide (SiO ₂ ) and a small amount of an alkali element, is suitable as a carrier in shape and size, and can activate useful microorganisms. In particular, Bacillus bacteria are activated by silicon and are excellent in degradability of proteins, starch, fats and oils, ammonia and the like, and it is preferable to use rice husk as a carrier. In addition, the support | carrier accommodated in the processing tank 11 is not restricted to a rice husk, The porous agent formed with the wooden chip material processed into the appropriate magnitude | size, or the raw material which does not prevent the proliferation of microorganisms is used. You can also. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

  The method for treating hazardous waste according to the present invention is a method for treating inorganic waste 4 and / or organic waste 4 containing hazardous substances, wherein organic waste 23 is removed by useful microorganisms including photosynthetic bacteria 2. A compost manufacturing process for manufacturing the compost 1 by decomposing and a hazardous substance processing process for processing the hazardous waste by stirring and mixing the compost 1 and the inorganic waste 4 and / or the organic waste 4 The compost manufacturing process includes a microbial activator 3 obtained by dissolving a silicon-containing solute obtained by mixing a silicon-containing substance and an alkaline substance and heat-treating it in an acid solvent, a carrier 5 supporting microorganisms, useful microorganisms, and organic waste. The product 23 is mixed with stirring.

  FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the processing system used in the hazardous waste processing method of the present invention. In this embodiment, the compost production process stirs and mixes the microorganism activator 3, the carrier 5 supporting the microorganism, the useful microorganism, and the organic waste 23. Therefore, the microorganism activator 3 activates the useful microorganism including the photosynthetic bacteria 2. Can be In other words, the compost production process can produce the compost 1 having a high C / N ratio by decomposing the organic waste 23 in a short time and is rich in humic substances such as humic acid and fulvic acid. Compost 1 can be manufactured.

  In this embodiment, compost 1 containing abundant humic substances such as humic acid and fulvic acid is continuously supplied from the compost manufacturing process, and in the hazardous substance treatment process, compost 1 and hazardous waste 4 are mixed with stirring. Even if hazardous waste 4 is inorganic waste or waste with low organic content, it is possible to detoxify harmful substances such as residual agricultural chemicals, heavy metals, hazardous chemicals and radionuclides Become.

  That is, in this embodiment, it is possible to detoxify the radionuclide adsorbed by an adsorbent such as Prussian blue. In addition, since the microbial activator used in this example has excellent agglomeration performance, it is possible to quickly agglomerate and precipitate an adsorbent such as Prussian blue in the treatment of contaminated water, and the sediment can also be treated. .

  The organic waste 23 to be treated in the compost manufacturing process is not limited as long as it contains a large amount of organic matter, but it contains abundant phosphoric acid, which is a component of ATP that promotes the action of giving decomposition energy to useful microorganisms, It is preferable to use biological manure or sewage sludge that is discharged in large amounts on a daily basis.

  Useful microorganisms include Bacillus bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, filamentous fungi, cyanobacteria, activated sludge bacteria, and the like, and include photosynthetic bacteria 2. In this example, a red bacterium (Proteobacteria) was used as the photosynthetic bacterium 2. Examples of red bacteria are as described in Example 1. Before the useful microorganisms are accommodated in the treatment tank 21, it is preferable that the useful microorganisms have been cultured with an organic substance equivalent to the organic waste to be treated. Thereby, microorganisms suitable for the decomposition of the organic waste to be treated become the dominant species, and the treatment time of the organic waste can be shortened.

The microbial activator 3 is obtained by dissolving a silicon-containing solute obtained by mixing and heat-treating a silicon-containing substance and an alkaline substance in an acid solvent. In this example, silica cement having a high silicon content (4: 6 by weight ratio of silicon and calcium) is used as the silicon-containing solute, and clay is added to a temperature below the thermal melting point of the silicon-containing material ( 1300 ° C.). Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is used as the acid solvent, and the silicon-containing solute is dissolved in 33% hydrochloric acid until saturated. Moreover, the acid solvent contains acetic acid (C ₂ H ₄ O ₂ ) as a gelation inhibitor. The configuration of the microbial activator is the same as in Example 1 and Example 2.

In this embodiment, rice husks are accommodated in the treatment tank 11 as a carrier. The rice husk contains abundant silicon dioxide (SiO ₂ ) and a small amount of an alkali element, is suitable as a carrier in shape and size, and can activate useful microorganisms. In particular, Bacillus bacteria are activated by silicon and are excellent in degradability of proteins, starch, fats and oils, ammonia and the like, and it is preferable to use rice husk as a carrier. In addition, the support | carrier accommodated in the processing tank 11 is not restricted to a rice husk, The porous agent formed with the wooden chip material processed into the appropriate magnitude | size, or the raw material which does not prevent the proliferation of microorganisms is used. You can also.

  FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a compost manufacturing apparatus used in the hazardous waste processing method of the present invention. The compost manufacturing apparatus accommodates the carrier 5 supporting microorganisms, is provided in the treatment tank 21 for decomposing the organic waste 23 by the microorganisms, and the carrier 5 and the organic waste 23 are stirred and mixed. An agitation mechanism 22, an air blowing means 40 for sending air into the treatment tank 21, an energy supply means 30 provided in the air blowing means 40 for supplying decomposition energy of the organic waste 23 into the treatment tank 21, and the treatment tank 21. Deodorizing means 50 for deodorizing the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas.

  The processing tank 21 has a semi-cylindrical lower portion to form an organic waste 23 accommodating portion, and an upper portion having a trapezoidal cross section to form a roof portion. The roof of the treatment tank 21 is provided with an opening, and an input port 26 for inputting the organic waste 23 is formed. The insertion opening 26 is provided with an opening / closing lid that can open and close the opening. Further, an opening is provided at the bottom of the processing tank 21 to form a discharge port for discharging the object to be processed in the processing tank 21. The discharge port is provided with an opening / closing lid that is formed along the shape of the bottom of the processing tank 21 and that opens and closes an opening that forms the discharge port.

  The stirring mechanism 22 includes a stirring shaft that is rotatably provided in the processing tank 21, a plurality of stirring arms 25 that are erected on the stirring shaft in a radial manner, and stirring claws that are provided at the respective distal ends of the stirring arms 25. It consists of. The agitation arm 25 is erected at a constant interval in the axial direction of the agitation shaft and shifted by 120 ° in the direction around the agitation axis. The stirring claw 25 has a V-shaped cross section that is open in the rotation direction, and is formed so that the carrier 5 and the organic waste 23 stored in the treatment tank 21 can be stirred and mixed.

  In FIG. 5, reference numeral 24 denotes a drive motor that rotationally drives the stirring shaft of the stirring mechanism 22. The agitation shaft is rotatably supported by the bearing along the central axis of the semi-cylindrical housing portion of the processing tank 21. In the case of the present embodiment, the rotation speed of the stirring arm 25 is preferably 3 to 10 rpm, and most preferably 5 rpm. When the rotation speed of the stirring arm 25 is 20 rpm or more, the contents in the treatment tank 21 are cooled by the air sent by the blowing means 40, the temperature in the treatment tank 21 is lowered, and the organic waste is decomposed by useful microorganisms. This is not preferable because the capacity is lowered. Moreover, when the rotation speed of the stirring arm 25 is 1 rpm or less, stirring of the carrier 5 and the organic waste 23 accommodated in the treatment tank 21 becomes insufficient, and the ability of decomposing organic waste by useful microorganisms is reduced. Therefore, it is not preferable.

  The treatment tank 21 and the stirring mechanism 22 are not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 5, and the configuration shown in FIG. 4 can also be adopted.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the blowing means 40 is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the tank in the processing tank 21, a blower path 41 for sending air into the processing tank 21, a blower 42 provided in the blower path 41. And an air supply pipe 44. The air supply pipe 44 is disposed at the lower part of the processing tank 21 so as to protrude toward the outside of the tank. Air supply ports 45 are provided on the side surfaces of the air supply pipe 44 at regular intervals so that air can be uniformly supplied into the processing tank 21 in the rotation direction of the stirring mechanism 22. A blower passage 41 is connected to the center of the air supply pipe 44, and air is sent into the air supply pipe 44 by the blower 42.

  In the present embodiment, the air blowing means 40 includes a circulation path 43 that takes out air from the upper part of the processing tank 21 and sends it to the air blowing path 41 to circulate all or part of the air sent into the processing tank 21. The air blowing means 40 prevents the temperature in the processing tank 21 from decreasing by circulating all or part of the air sent into the processing tank 21, and the ability to decompose organic waste by useful microorganisms decreases. Is preventing. Moreover, the ventilation means 40 is provided with the external air taking-in means, and can keep the inside of the processing tank 21 in an aerobic state by taking in external air. Note that the air blowing means 40 may be configured without the circulation path 43.

  In this embodiment, the energy supply means 30 is installed in the air passage 41 and is configured so as to supply the decomposition energy of the organic waste 23 into the treatment tank 21. The energy supply unit 30 includes a blower passage 41 that sends air into the processing tank 21, a magnetic field generator that generates a magnetic field in the blower passage 41, and an electron generator that emits electrons into the blower passage 41.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the air passage 41 is branched into two on the downstream side of the blower 42. The energy supply means 30 is installed adjacent to the blower 42 in both the branched air passages 41 and 41. Further, the discharge side of the energy supply means 30 is connected to an air supply pipe 44 disposed in the processing tank 21 so that decomposition energy can be efficiently supplied into the processing tank 21.

  As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the magnetic field generating means includes an electromagnetic coil 33 wound around the air supply pipe 32 a forming the air blowing path 41 in a direction perpendicular to the air blowing direction along the circumferential direction, and an electromagnetic coil. And a current supply mechanism 37 for supplying a direct current to 33. The current supply mechanism 37 supplies a direct current to the electromagnetic coil 33 in such a direction as to generate a static magnetic field in the same direction as the air blowing direction (N on the leeward side and S pole on the leeward side). In the embodiment, the current supply mechanism 37 supplies a DC current of 9V-3A to the electromagnetic coil 33. Note that the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating means can be the south pole on the leeward side and the north pole on the leeward side.

  The air supply pipe 32a is formed of a non-conductive synthetic resin, and the inner periphery of the air supply pipe 32a around which the electromagnetic coil 33 is wound has a heat conductive property such as copper, aluminum, tin, brass, zinc, and titanium. A nonmagnetic tube 31 made of a good nonmagnetic metal is provided. The nonmagnetic tube 31 can heat the air supplied to the treatment tank 21 while suppressing overheating of the electromagnetic coil 33 by heat radiation. In this embodiment, the nonmagnetic tube 31 is made of aluminum or titanium.

  A temperature sensor 35 is disposed on the outer periphery of the electromagnetic coil 33. The temperature sensor 35 cuts off the current of the current supply mechanism 37 when the temperature of the electromagnetic coil 33 rises above a predetermined temperature. In the embodiment, the temperature sensor 35 cuts off the current of the current supply mechanism 37 at 70 ° C. or higher to prevent the electromagnetic coil 33 from overheating.

  The electron generating means includes a discharge electrode 32b and a counter electrode 32c provided in the air supply tube 32a so as to face each other in the blowing direction. The discharge electrode 32b is composed of a rod-like electrode arranged perpendicular to the blowing direction, and is installed upstream of the magnetic field generating means. The counter electrode 32c is made of a titanium oxide, is made of a rod-like body arranged in parallel with the discharge electrode 32b, and is installed adjacent to the downstream side of the magnetic field generating means. The discharge electrode 32b is connected to a high voltage power supply 38, and the counter electrode 32c is grounded.

  The high voltage power source 38 applies a 30 kV DC voltage between the discharge electrode 32b and the counter electrode 32c, and emits electrons in the same direction as the blowing direction (the same direction as the static magnetic field) from the discharge electrode 32b to the counter electrode 32c. It is configured to be able to be made. An insulator 34 is inserted around the discharge electrode 32b to prevent leakage from the discharge electrode 32b. Since the electron generating means does not generate enough electrons when the voltage between the discharge electrode 32b and the counter electrode 32c is low, it is preferable that the high voltage power supply 38 can apply a voltage of 5 kV or more between the discharge electrode 32b and the counter electrode 32c. .

  The discharge electrode 32b can also be formed by a discharge needle in which the needle tip is disposed in the air supply tube 32a in the blowing direction. The counter electrode 32c is preferably formed of titanium oxide because it can promote the generation of active oxygen by catalytic action, but can also be formed of copper or a copper alloy. It can also be formed of a material.

  Electrons radiated from the discharge electrode 32b toward the counter electrode 32c are arranged in a constant direction by the static magnetic field in the electromagnetic coil 33, and spiral movement is caused by a shift between the static magnetic field and the electron movement direction. Proceed along the magnetic field lines of the static magnetic field.

The blower 42 is configured to send a large amount of air to the energy supply unit 30 through the blower passage 41 and to blow superoxide anion (O ₂ ⁻ ) generated by the energy supply unit 30 into the treatment tank 21. The oxygen molecules sent into the electromagnetic coil 33 are ground state triplet oxygen ( ³ O ₂ ), and have two unpaired electrons. In the triplet oxygen ( ³ O ₂ ), the electron spin direction in the molecule is aligned in a constant direction by the static magnetic field in the electromagnetic coil 33. Then, unpaired electrons of triplet oxygen ^{(3 O} _2), when the spin direction is changed by a magnetic field electrons spiral motion occurs, is excited to singlet oxygen ^{(1 O} _2). Since this singlet oxygen ( ¹ O ₂ ) is an oxygen molecule to which electrons are easily added, the direction of the electron spin is aligned, and the electrons in spiral motion are added to generate a superoxide anion (O ₂ ⁻ ). can do.

As described above, the energy supply means 30 controls the electron spin direction of electrons radiated into the air passage 41 and the electron spin direction of oxygen molecules passing through the air passage 41 by a static magnetic field in the electromagnetic coil 33. Then, an electron can be added to the oxygen molecule to generate a superoxide anion (O ₂ ⁻ ) having a strong oxidizing power. The active oxygen supply means 3 supplies a direct current of about 1 to 3 A to the electromagnetic coil 33 and applies a high voltage of 5 kV or more to the discharge electrode 32 b to thereby singlet the ground state triplet oxygen ( ³ O ₂ ). Excited to the term state, an electron can be added to generate a superoxide anion (O ₂ ⁻ ).

In the illustrated embodiment, the energy supply means 30 is provided inside the support frame that supports the processing tank 21. Since the lifetime of the superoxide anion (O ₂ ⁻ ) is short, the energy supply means 30 is preferably provided at a position close to the supply pipe 44.

  In the present embodiment, the treatment tank 21 contains an SOD producing microorganism that produces superoxide dismutase (hereinafter referred to as “SOD”), an aqueous solution that supplies metal ions that cause a Fenton reaction, a metal, or a metal compound. It is.

  The microorganism that can be used as the SOD-producing microorganism is not particularly limited as long as it can produce SOD. For example, a photosynthetic bacterium, particularly a red bacterium (Proteobacteria) is preferable in that it can supply more SOD and can decompose organic physical waste.

  Examples of red bacteria include alpha proteobacteria, beta proteobacteria, and gamma proteobacteria. Examples of Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodobacter, and Ectothiorhodospira genus, especially Rhodobacter sphaeroacter Rdobacter R capsulatus, Rhodospirillum rubrum, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii (Ectothiorhodospira vacuolata), Ectothiorhodospira mobilis, Ectothiorhodospira halophila can be used.

  Examples of available strains include S, IL106, IFO12203, KA38, NR3, ATCC17023, NI17, NI20, P2, and MC9R for Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and MS9R for Rhodobacter capsulatus. For example, G-9BM and IFO3986 strains can be exemplified for Rhodospirillum rubrum, ATCC17001 strain, SA37 strain, NIV2 strain, and DIII4 strain can be exemplified for Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii (Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovlat) The ATCC31751 strain can be exemplified, the Ectothiorhodospira mobilis can be exemplified by the NI8 strain, and the Ectothiorhodospira halophila can be exemplified by the H16 strain, but is not limited thereto, and various microorganisms are used as long as they produce SOD. Bets are possible. Moreover, as long as SOD is produced, one or more kinds of various microorganisms may be included, and a mixture of plural kinds may be used.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the processing tank 21 contains one or two or more auxiliary agents selected from the group of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn). These adjuvants can assist SOD producing microorganisms to produce SOD. These adjuvants can be accommodated in the treatment tank 21 as compounds, and can also be contained in the treatment tank 21 by being added to the carrier or added to the microbial activator 5. In addition, SOD is not limited to what is supplied from the SOD production microbe accommodated in the processing tank 21 like an Example, It is also possible to store SOD directly in the processing tank 21. FIG.

The metal ions accommodated in the treatment tank 21 for causing the Fenton reaction are divalent iron ions (Fe ²⁺ ) and / or monovalent copper ions (Cu ⁺ ) because they have a strong force to cause the Fenton reaction. It is preferable. This metal ion can be supplied by accommodating a divalent iron compound or a monovalent copper compound in the treatment tank 21. Moreover, this metal ion can also be accommodated in the processing tank 21 as an aqueous solution, and can also be contained in the microbial activator 5. Examples of divalent iron compounds include iron sulfate (II) [FeSO ₄ ], potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) (K ₄ [Fe (CN) ₆ ]), iron sulfide (II) [FeS], and the like. Can be mentioned.

SOD produced by the SOD-producing microorganism decomposes the superoxide anion (O ₂ ⁻ ) supplied from the energy supply means 30 into hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ) and oxygen (O ₂ ). This hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ) is decomposed into a hydroxy radical (.OH) and a hydroxy ion (OH ⁻ ) by a reaction of the following formula by a divalent iron ion (Fe ²⁺ ) causing a Fenton reaction. .
H ₂ O ₂ + Fe ²⁺ → OH + OH ⁻ + Fe ³⁺ (Fenton reaction)

In addition, trivalent iron ions (Fe ³⁺ ) generated from divalent iron ions (Fe ²⁺ ) by the Fenton reaction are expressed by the following formula by superoxide anions (O ₂ ⁻ ) supplied from the energy supply means 30. The reaction is reduced to divalent iron ions (Fe ²⁺ ). The reduced divalent iron ion (Fe ²⁺ ) can cause the Fenton reaction again.
O ₂ ⁻ + Fe ³⁺ → O ₂ + Fe ²⁺ (Haber-Weiss reaction)

This hydroxy radical (.OH) is a kind of active oxygen having the strongest oxidizing power, and can decompose all organic substances such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. The organic waste decomposition method according to the present invention decomposes by generating hydroxy radicals (.OH) in the treatment tank 21 with extremely strong oxidizing power and a short life of 1/1 million seconds. Difficult organic waste can be reliably oxidatively decomposed. In addition, since superoxide anion (O ₂ ⁻ ) and other active oxygen remaining without being decomposed by SOD can also oxidize and decompose organic waste, this compost manufacturing method can be used for decomposition time of organic waste. And the compost 1 can be supplied in a short time.

  In the compost manufacturing method of the present invention, the organic waste 23 accommodated in the treatment tank 21 can be oxidatively decomposed and subdivided with active oxygen, and the subdivided organic matter is produced in the SOD production contained in the treatment tank 21. By decomposing by useful microorganisms including microorganisms, the organic waste can be reliably decomposed and the compost 1 can be produced quickly.

  The deodorizing means 50 includes a deodorizing tower 51 for deodorizing the exhaust discharged from the treatment tank 21, an exhaust port 53 for discharging the exhaust deodorized by the deodorizing tower 51, and a drain 54. Exhaust gas discharged from the treatment tank 21 is guided to the deodorization tower 51 through the exhaust pipe 49. The deodorizing tower 51 contains a deodorizing agent such as activated carbon and a deodorizing liquid so that the exhaust gas sent from the exhaust pipe 49 can be deodorized. An exhaust blower 52 is provided at the exhaust port 53 so that the exhaust gas deodorized by the deodorization tower 51 is discharged. The drain 54 is provided for discharging liquid such as moisture contained in the exhaust gas. Moreover, the deodorizing means 50 can also exhaust directly from the exhaust pipe 49, when the exhaust from the processing tank 21 does not have an odor.

Next, the effect | action of the compost manufacturing method of this invention is demonstrated.
Since the compost manufacturing apparatus used in the compost manufacturing method of the present invention can be reduced in size and consumes less power, it can be installed in a restaurant or a kitchen and processed at a place where organic waste is generated. . Moreover, it is preferable that this compost manufacturing apparatus is disposed in the wastewater treatment facility and treats residual sludge discharged from the wastewater treatment facility.

  In the illustrated embodiment, the compost production method includes a carrier 5 supporting microorganisms and a photosynthetic bacterium 2 in a treatment tank 21, and one or more useful microorganisms selected from the group of Bacillus bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts. And SOD-producing microorganisms, microbial activator 3 that activates these useful microorganisms, pH adjuster, and divalent iron ions that cause the Fenton reaction, depending on the treatment capacity of organic waste 23, respectively. The necessary amount is accommodated.

  As shown in Table 3, a compost production apparatus with a processing capacity of 15 kg / day is a culture solution of useful microorganisms in which a rice husk is 150 L (liters) as a carrier 5 and a Bacillus bacterium is a dominant species in a treatment tank 21. 2 L of a culture solution of useful microorganisms that are dominant species of photosynthetic bacteria 2 including red bacteria that are SOD-producing microorganisms (20 L diluted 10-fold), and 0.75 L (10-fold dilution) of a microbial activator 7.5L), 2 kg of calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) as a pH adjuster, and 0.30 L (20 times higher) of iron (II) sulfate [ferrous sulfate] solution as divalent iron ions Diluted and stored 6L). Moreover, the compost manufacturing method accommodates in the treatment tank 21 one or more auxiliary agents selected from the group consisting of a magnesium aqueous solution and copper, zinc, and manganese as necessary.

  In this example, the photosynthetic bacteria accommodated in the treatment tank 1 were Rhodobacter sphaeroides S strain, IL106 strain, IFO12203 strain, KA38 strain, NR3 strain, ATCC 17023 strain, NI17 strain, NI20 strain, P2 strain, MC9R strain, Rhodobacter capsulatus MS9R strain, Rhodospirillum rubrum G-9BM strain, IFO 3986 strain, Rhodopseudomonas palustris ATCC 17001 strain, SA37 strain, NIV2 strain, DIII4 strain, Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnispira strain E75 One type or a plurality of types of photosynthetic bacteria selected from H16 strain of Ectothiorhodospira halophila.

  Moreover, the Bacillus genus bacteria accommodated in the processing tank 21 can use 1 or 2 or more types which can decompose | disassemble organic substance, give organic substance equivalent to the organic waste 23 used as a process target, and culture | cultivate. Therefore, the species suitable for the decomposition of the organic waste to be treated is the dominant species.

In this embodiment, the microbial activator 3 accommodated in the treatment tank 21 is dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid (6.6% concentration) obtained by diluting ordinary cement five times, and acetic acid (C ₂ H ₄ as a gelation inhibitor). O ₂₎ are added. This microbial activator 3 makes a saturated solution of silicon sol and dilutes this saturated solution 10 times. Since acetic acid is a perfect substrate for red bacteria, it is preferable to add acetic acid to the microbial activator, but it is also possible to add ammonium acetate or ammonium chloride. Moreover, since the microbial activator 3 does not need to maintain a complete sol state, it is also possible to use a microbial activator 3 that does not contain a gelation inhibitor such as acetic acid.

The calcium hydroxide accommodated in the treatment tank 21 can adjust the pH of the microorganism activator 3 and can maintain the temperature in the treatment tank 21 by heat of hydration. In addition, calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) ₂ ) generates calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ) and water (H ₂ O) by carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) generated when organic substances are decomposed, and calcium carbonate is a useful microorganism. It is also a source of inorganic salts that promote the growth of

  In the compost manufacturing method of the present invention, the organic waste 23 is input into the treatment tank 21 from the input port 11, and the organic waste 23 is decomposed. As an organic waste charging method, a large amount of organic waste 23 is charged into the treatment tank 21 from the charging port 11 at a predetermined time interval. Since the organic waste 23 put into the treatment tank 21 is subdivided into a size that makes it easy for the useful microorganisms to be decomposed by active oxygen or the like, the organic waste 23 can be useful by keeping the input interval of the organic waste 23 for a predetermined time. The ability to decompose by microorganisms is improved. In the case of the examples shown in Table 2, the organic waste 23 almost disappears in 4 to 8 hours, so the compost 1 is taken out before disappearing.

  The compost production method of the present invention can produce compost 1 rich in humic substances such as humic acid and fulvic acid capable of detoxifying various harmful substances in a short time. By the compost manufacturing method of the present invention, compost was manufactured using crab shells as organic waste. The results of this compost analysis are shown in Table 4. From Table 4, it can be seen that the compost produced by the compost production method of the present invention has a very high C / N ratio of 39.2 and is rich in humic acid and fulvic acid.

  Note that the compost manufacturing method of the present invention may be configured without the energy supply means 30. In this case, although the compost manufacturing time becomes long, the energy supply means 30 is not necessary when the organic waste 23 is easily decomposable. Moreover, in Example 1 and Example 2, it is also possible to set it as the structure which provided the energy supply means 30 in the processing tank 11. FIG. Note that when the organic waste contains a radionuclide, the energy supplied by the radionuclide can be used, and thus the energy supply means 30 need not be provided.

  As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the energy supply means 30 includes a magnetic field generating means for generating a magnetic field in the blower passage 41 for sending air into the processing tank 21, and a magnetic field direction in the blower passage 41 for generating the magnetic field. It is also possible to comprise the electron generating means 132 that emits electrons in a non-parallel direction. In the illustrated embodiment, the magnetic field generating means comprises an electromagnetic coil 133 that generates a static magnetic field in the same direction as the blowing direction. The electron generating means 132 includes a discharge needle 132b disposed at a predetermined angle with respect to the magnetic field direction, and a facing electrode 132c as a counter electrode.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the electron generating means 132 is provided in the middle of the air passage 41 and adjacent to the upstream side of the electromagnetic coil 133. The electron generating means 132 has a cylindrical air supply tube 132a formed of non-conductive synthetic resin, and a discharge in which the needle tip is arranged in the air supply tube 132a in the air blowing direction (arrow direction in the figure). The needle 132b and an annular facing electrode 132c disposed on the inner periphery of the air supply tube 132a at a position facing the needle tip of the discharge needle 132b at a predetermined angle with respect to the magnetic field direction. As shown in FIG. 8, the high-voltage power supply 138 applies a high voltage of several thousand volts to the discharge needle 132b, and emits electrons at a predetermined angle with respect to the magnetic field direction from the tip of the discharge needle 132b toward the facing electrode 132c. Can be emitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the magnetic field generation means includes an electromagnetic coil 133 and a current supply mechanism 137 that supplies a direct current to the electromagnetic coil 133. The electromagnetic coil 133 is adjacent to the electron generating means 132 downstream in the blowing direction, and is wound around the nonmagnetic tube 131 made of a nonmagnetic material along the circumferential direction. The electromagnetic coil 133 is preferably wound around a bobbin formed of a nonmagnetic metal having good thermal conductivity, such as copper, aluminum, tin, brass, zinc, titanium, or the like.

The electron generating means 132 is preferably configured to emit electrons in a direction covering the radius of the electromagnetic coil 133. In the illustrated embodiment, the electron generating means 132 is provided with a facing electrode 132c slightly larger in diameter than the radius of the electromagnetic coil 133 adjacent to the entrance of the electromagnetic coil 133, and from the needle tip of the discharge needle 132b to the electromagnetic coil. Electrons are emitted toward the facing electrode 132c covering the radius of 133. Electrons radiated at a predetermined angle with respect to the magnetic field direction pass through the electromagnetic coil 133 while spirally moving by Lorentz force, and excite ground-state triplet oxygen ( ³ O ₂ ) to a singlet state. , Electrons can be added to produce a superoxide anion (O ₂ ⁻ ).

In another embodiment, the energy supply means 30 can supply the electromagnetic coil 133 with a current obtained by superimposing a DC current that generates a DC magnetic field on a pulse current that causes the current supply mechanism 137 to generate an AC magnetic field. It is also possible to configure. The current supply mechanism 137 is provided with a frequency adjusting mechanism that adjusts the frequency of the pulse component of the current. The current supply mechanism 137 generates a DC magnetic field by the DC component of the current in the nonmagnetic tube 131 surrounded by the electromagnetic coil 133, and An AC magnetic field having a resonance frequency of oxygen molecules (O ₂ ) can be generated with respect to the DC magnetic field. The current supply mechanism 137 can use a sine wave current instead of the pulse current, but it is preferable to use the pulse current because the adjustment to the resonance frequency is easy.

This magnetic field generating means generates a DC magnetic field in the direction of air supply in the non-magnetic tube 131 by the electromagnetic coil 133 to add spin to unpaired electrons of triplet oxygen ( ³ O ₂ ) in the ground state. Increase the energy level of the molecule. This magnetic field generating means generates an alternating magnetic field having a resonance frequency of oxygen molecules (O ₂ ) in the non-magnetic tube 131 by the electromagnetic coil 133 to excite the oxygen molecules whose energy level has been increased. The term oxygen ( ¹ O ₂ ) can be generated. This singlet oxygen ( ¹ O ₂ ) is a kind of active oxygen and has a strong oxidizing power.

The resonance frequency ν ₀ of the oxygen molecule (O ₂ ) can be obtained from the equation shown in Equation 1. Since the gyromagnetic ratio γ in the equation is a constant intrinsic to the nucleus, the resonance frequency ν ₀ of the oxygen molecule (O ₂ ) is proportional to the strength of the static magnetic field B ₀ .

The electron generating means 132 emits electrons from the tip of the discharge needle 132b toward the air supply direction, adds electrons to the singlet oxygen ( ¹ O ₂ ) generated by the magnetic field generating means, and generates a superoxide anion ( O ₂ ⁻ ) can be generated. The blower 42 is configured to send a large amount of air to the superoxide anion generation mechanism through the air supply pipe 41 and supply the generated superoxide anion (O ₂ ⁻ ) into the treatment tank 1. Since the magnetic field generating means generates singlet oxygen ( ¹ O ₂ ) that is easy to add electrons by applying a high frequency magnetic field having a resonance frequency to oxygen molecules to which a static magnetic field is applied, the active oxygen supply means 3 Further, a superoxide anion (O ₂ ⁻ ) having a strong oxidizing power can be generated. The active oxygen supply means 3 is not limited to the structure of the embodiment, superoxide anion (O 2 ^_-) can also be used other means capable of supplying active oxygen containing.

1 Useful microorganisms (bacteria bed / compost)
2 Photosynthetic bacteria 3 Microbial activators 4 Hazardous waste (organic waste / inorganic waste)
5 Carrier 10 Processing System 11 Processing Tank 12 Stirring Mechanism 13 Drive Roller 14 Driven Roller 15 Drive Motor 21 Processing Tank 22 Stirring Mechanism 23 Organic Waste 24 Drive Motor 25 Stirring Arm 30 Energy Supply Device 31 Non-Magnetic Tube 32a Air Supply Pipe 32b Release Electrode 32c Counter electrode 33 Electromagnetic coil 34 Insulator 35 Temperature sensor 37 Current supply mechanism 38 High-voltage power supply 40 Blower mechanism 41 Blower passage 42 Blower 43 Circulation passage 44 Air supply pipe 45 Air supply port 49 Exhaust pipe 50 Deodorizing device 51 Deodorizing tower 52 Exhaust blower 53 Exhaust port 54 Drain 131 Nonmagnetic tube 132 Electron generator 132a Air supply tube 132b Discharge needle 132c Face-to-face electrode 133 Electromagnetic coil 137 Current supply mechanism 138 High voltage power supply

Claims (5)

A hazardous waste treatment method for treating organic waste containing radionuclides,
A fungus bed material containing lactic acid bacteria as useful microorganisms for decomposing the organic waste,
With red bacteria ,
A microbial activator comprising a silicon sol prepared by mixing a silicon-containing substance containing magnesium or a magnesium compound and an alkaline substance containing calcium and heat-treating the silicon-containing solute in an acid solvent, and the silicon sol gels to become porous. When,
A method for treating hazardous waste, comprising stirring and mixing the organic waste containing the radionuclide. A hazardous waste treatment method for treating organic waste containing radionuclides,
A carrier carrying microorganisms;
Useful microorganisms containing red bacteria and lactic acid bacteria and decomposing the organic waste,
A microbial activator comprising a silicon sol prepared by mixing a silicon-containing substance containing magnesium or a magnesium compound and an alkaline substance containing calcium and heat-treating the silicon-containing solute in an acid solvent, and the silicon sol gels to become porous. When,
A method for treating hazardous waste, comprising stirring and mixing the organic waste containing the radionuclide. A hazardous waste treatment method for treating inorganic waste and / or organic waste containing radionuclides,
A compost production process in which organic waste is decomposed by useful microorganisms including red bacteria and lactic acid bacteria to produce compost;
A hazardous substance treatment step of stirring and mixing the compost and the inorganic waste or / and organic waste to treat the hazardous waste,
The compost manufacturing process includes a silicon sol obtained by mixing a silicon-containing substance containing magnesium or a magnesium compound and an alkaline substance containing calcium and heat-treating the silicon-containing solute in an acid solvent. A method for treating hazardous waste, comprising stirring and mixing the microbial activator, the carrier for supporting the microorganism, the useful microorganism, and the organic waste.   The hazardous waste treatment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the silicon-containing solute is composed of one or more substances selected from the group consisting of cement, cement intermediates, blast furnace slag, and coal ash. Method. The manufacturing method of the compost which manufactures the compost used for the processing method of the hazardous waste of Claim 3 or 4 .