JP6446774B2 - 緑藻の脂質蓄積変異体およびその利用 - Google Patents
緑藻の脂質蓄積変異体およびその利用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(1)DYRK活性を低下させた緑藻変異体であって、単位時間及び単位培養面積当たりの脂質生産量が親株よりも向上しており、前記DYRKが配列番号4に示す活性部位及び基質認識部位のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも50%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を有し、且つDYRK活性を有するタンパク質である、前記緑藻変異体。
(2)DYRKをコードする遺伝子を破壊した緑藻である、(1)記載の緑藻変異体。
(3)DYRKをコードする遺伝子の発現を低下させることで、DYRK活性を低下させた、(1)記載の緑藻変異体。
(4)DYRKをコードする遺伝子の翻訳効率を低下させることで、DYRK活性を低下させた、(1)記載の緑藻変異体。
(5)トレボキシア藻網に属する、(1)〜(4)のいずれか1記載の緑藻変異体。
(6)コッコミクサ(Coccomyxa)属又はシュードコッコミクサ(Pseudococcomyxa)属に属する、(5)記載の緑藻変異体。
(7)(1)〜(6)のいずれか1記載の緑藻変異体を培養する工程を含む、脂質生産方法。
(1) LMR-DYRK遺伝子を破壊する;
(2) LMR-DYRK遺伝子の転写を抑制し、該遺伝子の発現を低下させる;
(3) LMR-DYRK遺伝子の翻訳を抑制し、該遺伝子の翻訳効率を低下させる;
方法が挙げられる。
本発明において、LMR-DYRK遺伝子破壊緑藻株とは、本来的には対立遺伝子、アイソマー等の複数のLMR-DYRK遺伝子を有するが、これらのうち少なくとも1つ又は複数のLMR-DYRK遺伝子を破壊した緑藻株を意味する。
LMR-DYRK遺伝子の破壊方法としては、緑藻のゲノムDNA上のLMR-DYRK遺伝子領域又はその上流にあるプロモーター領域のDNAに塩基の置換、欠失、挿入及び/又は付加を伴う変異を導入する方法が挙げられる。
LMR-DYRK遺伝子の転写を抑制する方法としては、対象となる緑藻におけるLMR-DYRK遺伝子の転写プロモーター領域を転写抑制型プロモーターで置換してなる変異型緑藻を調製し、当該変異型緑藻を転写抑制条件下で培養する方法が挙げられる。
また、緑藻におけるLMR-DYRK遺伝子の転写に関わる領域に転写抑制活性のある塩基配列を挿入して作出したものを用いても良い。
LMR-DYRK遺伝子の翻訳を抑制する方法としては、いわゆるアンチセンスRNAを用いる方法(例えば、RNAi法)が挙げられる。すなわち、LMR-DYRK遺伝子のmRNAに対するアンチセンスRNAを転写する遺伝子を、緑藻ゲノムに組み込み、当該アンチセンスRNAを過剰発現させることで、LMR-DYRK遺伝子のmRNAの翻訳が抑制される。
(i) LMR-DYRK遺伝子の部分塩基配列の決定
脂質生産性を向上させる対象とする緑藻の持つLMR-DYRK遺伝子の部分塩基配列を、以下の手順で決定する。P. ellipsoidea Obi株由来の配列番号1に示す塩基配列から成る遺伝子によりコードされるLMR-DYRKを含むDYRKサブファミリーに属するタンパク質には非常に良く保存されたアミノ酸配列が存在するので、そのアミノ酸配列を元に設計されたPCRプライマーを用いてPCR増幅反応を行い、増幅されたDNA断片を大腸菌にクローン化した後、そのDNA断片の塩基配列を決定すれば良い。このPCR増幅反応に用いるプライマーの例を図2に示す。図2において、Forward primer(配列番号5)は、保存されたアミノ酸配列(IHCDLKPEN)から設計した。一方、Reverse primer(配列番号6及び7)は、アミノ酸配列(IDMWSLGC)から設計した。二種類のReverse primerのいずれかで、PCR増幅が達成されることが予想される。塩基配列はIUPACの定める表示に従う。
一度、LMR-DYRK遺伝子候補の塩基配列が決定されれば、ZFN、TALENあるいはCRISPR/Casと呼ばれる遺伝子ノックアウト法(Gaj T, Gersbach CA, Barbas CF 3rd. (2013) ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas-based methods for genome engineering. Trends Biotechnol. 31:397-405.)を用いることにより、その遺伝子が欠損した変異体を作出できる。
あるいは、RNAi法(Cerutti H, Ma X, Msanne J, Repas T. (2011) RNA-mediated silencing in Algae: biological roles and tools for analysis of gene function. Eukaryot Cell. 10:1164-1172.)を用いても、LMR-DYRKの発現を抑制できる。
培養後、例えば培養物からヘキサン抽出等によって、脂質を得ることができる。
1−1.P. ellipsoidea脂質高蓄積変異体の分離
P. ellipsoidea 5P株(受託番号FERM P-22179;特許文献3)を、MA5培地[硝酸ナトリウム 1.5 g、硫酸マグネシウム 100 mg、リン酸二水素カリウム 35 mg、リン酸水素二カリウム 45 mg、塩化カルシウム 9 mg、クエン酸鉄アンモニウム 19.6 mg、クエン酸 12 mg、EDTA-2Na 2 mg、ホウ酸 0.07 mg、硫酸マンガン 0.15 mg、硫酸亜鉛 0.30 mg、硫酸銅 0.3 mg、モリブデン酸ナトリウム 0.003 mg、塩化コバルト 0.07 mg、HEPES 4.76 g、蒸留水 1L (pH 7.0)]中で、100 μmol m-2 s-1の光強度の植物用蛍光灯下、1% CO2を含む空気をバブリングさせて培養した(特に断らない限り、以下同様の培養条件を用いて液体培養を行った)。
脂質含量測定は2つの方法で行った。第一の方法は、脂質を抽出し、メチルエステル化した後、GC-FIDで定量するものである。細胞培養液を、105℃で乾燥後秤量したGF/Fガラスフィルター上に捕集し、蒸留水で洗浄後、乾燥重量を測定した。また、同量の培養液から細胞を遠心分離により回収し、0.1 N HClに懸濁し、100℃、5 minの加熱処理を行い、Bligh-Dyer法(Bligh EG and Dyer WJ. (1959) A rapid method for total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol. 37:911-917)に従い、脂質の抽出を行った。これに一定量のn-pentadecaneを内部標準として加えた。
カラム:factor FOUR VF-5 ms、0.20 nm(内径), 30 m(長さ), 0.33 μm(膜厚)
温度:100℃(2 min)−20℃/min−310℃(10 min)
気化室:240℃ Splitless
検出器:FID 320℃
Carrier Gas:He
室内に設置したレースウェイ(図4)を用いて、JH1011、JH1012及びJH1013株の脂質生産性の評価試験を実施した。レースウェイの設置面積は3.8m2であり、容量は490 Lに設定した。培養については、光量200-300 μmol m-2 sec-1、明暗周期12 h/12 h、CO2濃度は1%の条件下で実施した。使用した培地の組成は、以下の通りである[硫酸アンモニウム 45 mg、硫酸マグネシウム7水和物 30 mg、リン酸二水素カリウム 10 mg、リン酸水素二カリウム 5 mg、塩化カルシウム2水和物 10 mg、炭酸カルシウム 10 mg、クエン酸鉄 2 mg、クエン酸 2 mg、EDTA-2Na 2 mg、ホウ酸 0.07 mg、硫酸マンガン 0.15 mg、硫酸亜鉛 0.30 mg、硫酸銅 0.3 mg、モリブデン酸ナトリウム 0.003 mg、塩化コバルト 0.07 mg、Biotin 2 μg、Thiamine HCl 10 μg、Vitamin B6 1 μg、Vitamin B12 1 μg、蒸留水 1 L (pH 4.0)]。
実施例1で分離したJH1011、JH1012及びJH1013株に見られた脂質生産性の改良がどのような遺伝子の変異によって誘起されたのかを知るために、これら3株のゲノム解析(resequencing)をIllumina HiSeq paired-endsequencingによって行った。そして、このresequencingの結果をELANDv2 ソフトウェアを用いて、既に構築されているP. ellipsoidea Obi株ゲノム配列上にマップした。このP. ellipsoidea Obi株のゲノム配列には、RNA-seqで得られた配列情報から予測された、各遺伝子のエクソン及びイントロンの位置も含まれている。よって、これらの情報をもとに、JH1011、JH1012及びJH1013株において、どの遺伝子に変異が起きたかを、Obi株並びにJH1011、JH1012及びJH1013株の直接の親株である5P株のゲノム配列との比較で解析した。
以下の表2には、JH1013株のゲノム塩基配列比較解析の結果を示している。
FERM P-22179
Claims (1)
- 以下の(1)〜(6)のいずれか1記載の緑藻変異体を培養する工程を含む、脂質生産方法。
(1)二重特異性チロシンリン酸化制御プロテインキナーゼ(DYRK)活性を低下させた緑藻変異体であって、単位時間及び単位培養面積当たりの脂質生産量が親株よりも向上しており、前記DYRKが配列番号4に示す活性部位及び基質認識部位のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも50%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を有し、且つDYRK活性を有するタンパク質である、前記緑藻変異体;
(2)DYRKをコードする遺伝子を破壊した緑藻である、(1)記載の緑藻変異体;
(3)DYRKをコードする遺伝子の発現を低下させることで、DYRK活性を低下させた、(1)記載の緑藻変異体;
(4)DYRKをコードする遺伝子の翻訳効率を低下させることで、DYRK活性を低下させた、(1)記載の緑藻変異体;
(5)トレボキシア藻網に属する、(1)〜(4)のいずれか1記載の緑藻変異体;
(6)コッコミクサ(Coccomyxa)属又はシュードコッコミクサ(Pseudococcomyxa)属に属する、(5)記載の緑藻変異体。
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