JP6438627B2 - 電気めっき装置 - Google Patents
電気めっき装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6438627B2 JP6438627B2 JP2018503396A JP2018503396A JP6438627B2 JP 6438627 B2 JP6438627 B2 JP 6438627B2 JP 2018503396 A JP2018503396 A JP 2018503396A JP 2018503396 A JP2018503396 A JP 2018503396A JP 6438627 B2 JP6438627 B2 JP 6438627B2
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- steel pipe
- plating solution
- seal member
- nozzles
- electroplating apparatus
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- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title claims description 70
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 160
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 90
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 21
- 206010040844 Skin exfoliation Diseases 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H lead(2+);dicarbonate;dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017755 Cu-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017927 Cu—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020994 Sn-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009069 Sn—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWFRZGJUJSOHGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Bi].[Cu].[Sn] Chemical compound [Bi].[Cu].[Sn] ZWFRZGJUJSOHGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSSJULAPNNGXFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Zn] Chemical compound [Co].[Zn] HSSJULAPNNGXFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDYXSJSAMVACOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Zn].[Sn] Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn].[Sn] PDYXSJSAMVACOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002343 natural gas well Substances 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
- C25D5/028—Electroplating of selected surface areas one side electroplating, e.g. substrate conveyed in a bath with inhibited background plating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/004—Sealing devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/02—Tanks; Installations therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/10—Electrodes, e.g. composition, counter electrode
- C25D17/12—Shape or form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/10—Agitating of electrolytes; Moving of racks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
- C25D5/026—Electroplating of selected surface areas using locally applied jets of electrolyte
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/08—Electroplating with moving electrolyte e.g. jet electroplating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
- C25D5/611—Smooth layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/04—Tubes; Rings; Hollow bodies
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Description
[電気めっき装置の構成]
図2は、第1実施形態に係る電気めっき装置10の概略構成を示す縦断面図である。電気めっき装置10は、鋼管P1に電気めっき処理を施すために用いられる。より詳細には、電気めっき装置10は、鋼管P1の管端部の外周面に形成された雄ねじTmの表面に合金めっき層を形成する。このような鋼管P1の管端部は一般に「ピン」と称される。
第1実施形態に係る電気めっき装置10において、各ノズル42によるめっき液の噴射方向S1は、基準方向V1から雄ねじTm側へ20度よりも大きく90度未満の角度で傾いている。これにより、電気めっき処理の際、めっき液が雄ねじTmに向かって噴射されるため、雄ねじTmの近傍でめっき液の強い攪拌が生じる。そのため、雄ねじTmに隣接して生じる拡散層が薄くなり、拡散層の厚みの揺らぎが小さくなる。よって、金属の析出速度のばらつきが緩和され、雄ねじTmの表面に形成される合金めっき層の組成が不均一になるのを抑制することができる。結果として、外観のムラや微小なめっき剥離等のめっき欠陥の発生を抑制することができる。
[電気めっき装置の構成]
図5は、第2実施形態に係る電気めっき装置20の概略構成を示す縦断面図である。電気めっき装置20は、鋼管P2の管端部の内周面に形成された雌ねじTfの表面に合金めっき層を形成する。このような鋼管P2の管端部は一般に「ボックス」と称される。
第2実施形態に係る電気めっき装置20においても、各ノズル42Aのめっき液の噴射方向S2は、基準方向V2から雌ねじTf側へ20度よりも大きく90度未満の角度で傾いている。このため、電気めっき処理に際し、雌ねじTfの近傍でめっき液の強い攪拌が生じる。よって、拡散層が薄くなり、それに伴って拡散層の厚みの揺らぎも小さくなる。これにより、雌ねじTfの表面に形成される合金めっき層の組成が不均一になるのを抑制することができる。その結果、外観のムラや微小なめっき剥離等のめっき欠陥の発生を抑制することができる。
以上、実施形態について説明したが、本開示は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない限りにおいて種々の変更が可能である。
Claims (5)
- 管端部の外周面に雄ねじを有する鋼管用の電気めっき装置であって、
前記鋼管の端に配置され、前記鋼管を封止するシール部材と、
前記管端部を受け入れるための開口を有し、前記管端部及びめっき液を収容するための容器と、
前記容器内に配置され、前記雄ねじに対向する電極と、
前記容器内であって前記鋼管の管軸周りに配置され、めっき液を前記雄ねじと前記電極との間に噴射する複数のノズルと、
を備え、
前記ノズルの各々による前記めっき液の噴射方向は、前記管軸に直交する平面に対して前記雄ねじ側に20度よりも大きく90度未満の角度で傾いている、電気めっき装置。 - 請求項1に記載の電気めっき装置であって、さらに、
前記容器の前記開口と反対側に配置され、前記複数のノズルを支持する支持部材を備え、
前記支持部材は、前記めっき液を前記ノズルに供給するためのめっき液流路を有し、
前記シール部材は前記支持部材に固定される、電気めっき装置。 - 請求項2に記載の電気めっき装置であって、
前記支持部材は、前記管軸に沿って延びる第1流路を有し、
前記シール部材は、
外周まで延びかつ前記第1流路と連通する第2流路を有する円板と、
前記円板の外周に装着され、前記鋼管の内周面と接触するパッキンと、
を含む、電気めっき装置。 - 管端部の内周面に雌ねじを有する鋼管用の電気めっき装置であって、
前記鋼管内であって前記管端部よりも内側に配置され、前記鋼管を封止する第1シール部材と、
前記鋼管の端に配置され、めっき液を収容するための収容空間を前記鋼管及び前記第1シール部材とともに形成する第2シール部材と、
前記収容空間内に配置され、前記雌ねじに対向する電極と、
前記収容空間内であって前記鋼管の管軸周りに配置され、めっき液を前記雌ねじと前記電極との間に噴射する複数のノズルと、
を備え、
前記ノズルの各々による前記めっき液の噴射方向は、前記管軸に直交する平面に対して前記雌ねじ側に20度よりも大きく90度未満の角度で傾いており、
前記第2シール部材に配置され、前記複数のノズルを支持する支持部材を備え、
前記支持部材は、前記めっき液を前記ノズルに供給するためのめっき液流路を有し、
前記第1シール部材は前記支持部材に固定され、
前記支持部材は、前記管軸に沿って延びる第1流路を有し、
前記第1シール部材は、
外周まで延びかつ前記第1流路と連通する第2流路を有する円板と、
前記円板の外周に装着され、前記鋼管の内周面と接触するパッキンと、
を含む、電気めっき装置。
電気めっき装置。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の電気めっき装置であって、
前記ノズルの数は6本以上である、電気めっき装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2016041436 | 2016-03-03 | ||
JP2016041436 | 2016-03-03 | ||
PCT/JP2017/008279 WO2017150666A1 (ja) | 2016-03-03 | 2017-03-02 | 電気めっき装置 |
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JPWO2017150666A1 JPWO2017150666A1 (ja) | 2018-07-05 |
JP6438627B2 true JP6438627B2 (ja) | 2018-12-19 |
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US (2) | US11060201B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3425089B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP6438627B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN108699715B (ja) |
BR (2) | BR122021014851B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA3016302C (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2018010265A (ja) |
RU (2) | RU2704778C1 (ja) |
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JP7172453B2 (ja) * | 2018-11-01 | 2022-11-16 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 筒状金属部品用表面処理装置及び筒状金属部品の製造方法 |
CN109706492B (zh) * | 2019-03-04 | 2021-04-02 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 基于流场作用的螺旋复合催化电极的制备装置 |
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JPS609893A (ja) * | 1983-06-29 | 1985-01-18 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 長尺管の局部的自動めっき装置 |
FR2615207B1 (fr) * | 1987-05-14 | 1991-11-22 | Framatome Sa | Canne tubulaire pour le traitement de la surface interieure d'un tube |
JPH0765233B2 (ja) * | 1989-08-28 | 1995-07-12 | 上村工業株式会社 | 小径長尺パイプ内面のめっき方法及びそれに用いる用具 |
JPH07118891A (ja) * | 1993-09-02 | 1995-05-09 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | 表面処理装置 |
US7306710B2 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2007-12-11 | Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne, Inc. | Apparatus and method for electroplating a metallic film on a rocket engine combustion chamber component |
US8110076B2 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2012-02-07 | Inco Limited | Apparatus and foam electroplating process |
WO2007142747A2 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2007-12-13 | Sifco Selective Plating | Selective plating system |
WO2010043774A1 (fr) * | 2008-10-14 | 2010-04-22 | Siemens Vai Metals Technolo Ies Sas | Methode et installation d'etamage electrolytique d'une bande d'acier en defilement continu dans une unite d'electrodeposition |
JP5371007B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-19 | 2013-12-18 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 油井管用のねじ継手 |
FR2954780B1 (fr) * | 2009-12-29 | 2012-02-03 | Snecma | Procede de depot par voie electrolytique d'un revetement composite a matrice metallique contenant des particules, pour la reparation d'une aube metallique |
EA022794B1 (ru) * | 2010-08-31 | 2016-03-31 | Ниппон Стил Энд Сумитомо Метал Корпорейшн | Устройство для нанесения покрытия для нанесения уф-отверждаемой смолы на резьбовой конец стальной трубы |
US9790610B2 (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2017-10-17 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Electro plating device |
MX2016007613A (es) * | 2013-12-13 | 2016-09-09 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp | Aparato de electrodeposicion para tubos de acero. |
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2017
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RU2019125757A (ru) | 2019-10-22 |
US20200318250A1 (en) | 2020-10-08 |
SA518392124B1 (ar) | 2022-02-08 |
US11365487B2 (en) | 2022-06-21 |
WO2017150666A1 (ja) | 2017-09-08 |
EP3425089A1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
RU2019125757A3 (ja) | 2020-02-27 |
US11060201B2 (en) | 2021-07-13 |
JPWO2017150666A1 (ja) | 2018-07-05 |
CN108699715A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
BR122021014851B1 (pt) | 2023-05-09 |
BR112018009005A2 (ja) | 2018-10-30 |
RU2719218C2 (ru) | 2020-04-17 |
RU2704778C1 (ru) | 2019-10-30 |
CA3016302A1 (en) | 2017-09-08 |
EP3425089A4 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
JP2018199868A (ja) | 2018-12-20 |
JP6680847B2 (ja) | 2020-04-15 |
BR112018009005B1 (pt) | 2023-02-14 |
MX2018010265A (es) | 2018-12-19 |
EP3425089B1 (en) | 2022-05-25 |
US20190078225A1 (en) | 2019-03-14 |
CN108699715B (zh) | 2020-11-10 |
CA3016302C (en) | 2020-12-22 |
BR112018009005A8 (pt) | 2019-02-26 |
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