JP6424086B2 - Air spring - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an air spring that is preferably used as a means for suspending a vehicle on a carriage in a railway vehicle or the like, and more specifically, an upper support portion on a vehicle body side, and a lower support portion on a carriage side disposed below the vehicle body. The present invention relates to an air spring including an elastic material diaphragm provided across an upper support portion and a lower support portion.

  When an air spring is used as a suspension device, it is necessary to incorporate countermeasures for diaphragm deflation. For example, in an air spring for a railway vehicle, even if the diaphragm is deflated for some reason, an emergency internal stopper can be used so that it can continue to run around that day and can travel to the garage for repair. Is equipped. This internal stopper is generally made of an elastic material such as rubber so as to ensure cushioning performance.

  In the conventional air spring, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, an internal stopper (internal stopper rubber: 10) made of an elastic material is disposed on the lower surface side of the upper support portion, and when the diaphragm (bellows: 3) is deflated. The internal stopper and the lower support portion (lower surface plate: 2) are configured to contact and support. In order to increase the operating load of the internal stopper, a pre-compressed state that is compressed to some extent in the vertical direction is maintained by a structure in which the movable plate (9) disposed below the internal stopper is tightened and fixed with a plurality of bolts. It is supposed to be configured.

In Patent Document 2, an internal stopper (elastic part: a) made of an elastic material is placed on the lower support part, and the upper support part (1) and the internal stopper come into contact when the diaphragm (3) is deflated. It is said that. Also in this patent document 2, the presser lid (5) disposed above the internal stopper is forcibly moved downward against the elasticity of the internal stopper, and the presser lid (5), the lower base (4), Means for maintaining the vertical distance of the inner stopper narrower than the vertical width of the internal stopper, that is, locking means for maintaining the internal stopper in a pre-compressed state.
The locking means is configured by arranging a plurality of bolts (13) and nuts spanning the presser lid (5) and the lower base (4) on the outer peripheral side of the presser lid (5).

JP 2009-222197 A JP 2011-020585 A

In any of the conventional air springs described above, the locking means for maintaining the pre-compressed state in which the internal stopper is compressed to some extent is to hold the internal stopper by bolting a large-diameter plate member at multiple locations on the outer periphery. It is assumed to be configured to maintain the attached state.
With the locking means of this configuration, there is an advantage that the internal stopper can be pre-compressed by tightening the bolts and the mounting while maintaining the pre-compressed state can be performed at once. It was troublesome because it was necessary to perform tightening work while controlling them in a regular order, such as repeatedly assembling the opposing objects in pairs. In addition, the number of parts tends to increase.

In addition, the space required for the locking means tends to increase due to the configuration in which the bolt is disposed at a location having a diameter larger than that of the internal stopper, and there is a disadvantage in that the surrounding arrangement structure is not a little affected.
In addition, although it is desirable to increase the thickness of the large-diameter plate member from the point of strength, it cannot be made too thick because it hinders weight reduction. there were.

  In view of the above situation, the object of the present invention is to review the configuration related to maintaining the emergency internal stopper in a pre-compressed state, and to reduce the size of the configuration in which the locking means is arranged, or An object of the present invention is to provide an air spring which is improved so as to simplify the assembly.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the upper support portion 1 on the vehicle body side, the lower support portion 2 on the cart side disposed below the upper support portion 1, and the elasticity provided across the upper support portion 1 and the lower support portion 2 are provided. In an air spring comprising a diaphragm 3 made of material,
An internal stopper c made of an elastic material is provided on one of the upper support portion 1 and the lower support portion 2, and the upper support portion 1 and the lower support portion 2 are relative to each other by a predetermined amount. With the approaching movement, the other support portion 1 of the upper support portion 1 and the lower support portion 2 and the internal stopper c are in contact with each other,
A presser 18 is arranged on the side of the internal stopper c opposite to the side where the one support part 2 is present, and the vertical distance H between the one support part 2 and the presser 18 is set to the elasticity of the internal stopper c. On the other hand, there is provided a locking means 22 that maintains a value shorter than the vertical width h of the internal stopper c, and the locking means 22 fits inside the outline y of the internal stopper c when viewed in the vertical direction. are deployed to,
An external stopper b having an annular elastic body 5 is attached to the one support portion 2, and the internal stopper c in the one support portion 2 is supported so that the internal stopper c enters inside the elastic body 5. The center disk 2B is formed in a stepped disk shape .

The invention according to claim 2 is the air spring according to claim 1,
A pre-compression mechanism d that compresses the vertical width h of the internal stopper c to a vertical interval H between the one support portion 2 and the presser 18 is provided, and the pre-compression mechanism d is viewed in the vertical direction. It is arranged so as to fit inside the outline y.

The invention according to claim 3 is the air spring according to claim 1 or 2,
The locking means 22 is constituted by a bolt 17 and a nut 19 provided across the one support portion 2 and the presser 18.

The invention according to claim 4 is the air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
One locking means 22 is arranged at the center of the internal stopper c as viewed in the vertical direction.

The invention according to claim 5 is the air spring according to claim 3,
A rotation stop mechanism e that prevents relative rotational movement between the presser 18 and the internal stopper c is provided.

The invention according to claim 6 is the air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The presser 18 is provided with an outer peripheral portion 18a that is fitted on the upper end portion of the internal stopper c to form an inlay portion 20.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the locking means capable of maintaining the internal stopper in the pre-compressed state is housed inside the outline of the internal stopper as viewed in the vertical direction. Compared to the conventional means with a stop means, the size (diameter) of the internal stopper in plan view can be increased without difficulty, and the design freedom for increasing or decreasing the spring constant of the internal stopper can be increased without difficulty. Is possible.
As a result, by reconsidering the configuration related to maintaining the emergency internal stopper in a pre-compressed state, the configuration in which the locking means is arranged can be made compact and the internal stopper can be enlarged without changing the arrangement space. It is possible to provide an improved air spring, such as being able to increase the setting range of the spring constant of the internal stopper.

  According to the invention of claim 2, since a pre-compression mechanism for pre-compressing the internal stopper is also provided, it is not necessary to prepare a dedicated compression means other than the air spring, and it is convenient and excellent in workability. And since the preliminary | backup compression mechanism is also stored inside the outline of an internal stopper by an up-down direction view, the point which can maintain the said effect by the structure of Claim 1 is also preferable.

  According to the invention of claim 3, since the locking means is constituted by the bolt and the nut, the one support portion and the presser are resisted against the elasticity of the internal stopper by the tightening operation by turning the nut. It is also possible to reduce the vertical interval of the two, that is, also serve as a pre-compression mechanism that compresses the internal stopper. As a result, it is possible to provide an air spring that can also serve as a pre-compression mechanism and is provided with a more reasonable locking means by setting the inexpensive means using bolts and nuts.

  According to the invention of claim 4, since one locking means is provided at the central portion of the internal stopper, the locking means can be operated simply and conveniently by only one work. In addition, since the locking means acts on the center of the internal stopper, the amount of compression of the internal stopper is unlikely to be partially different while the locking means is one of the minimum number, and the compression state is uniform. It is an excellent one that can be maintained.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, when the nut is rotated in the tightening direction by the bolt and the nut constituting the locking means, the presser and the internal stopper may slip due to the torque, and the tightening may not be possible. However, the provision of the rotation stop mechanism has an advantage that relative rotation movement between the presser and the internal stopper is prevented, and a reliable nut hooking is possible.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the inlay portion is provided so that the presser and the upper end of the internal stopper are externally fitted, the lateral direction is maintained while the upper support portion and the internal stopper are in contact with each other when the diaphragm is deflated. When a force is generated, the upper support portion and the presser are rubbed, and there is an advantage that the disadvantage that the presser and the internal stopper are rubbed is prevented.

Sectional view showing structure of air spring The perspective view of a notch which shows the internal stopper part in the air spring of FIG. Plan view of the main part showing the arrangement structure of the internal stopper Sectional drawing of the internal stopper main part is shown, (a) is a free state, (b) is a state after compression (A) Cross-sectional view of main part of air spring showing internal stopper with different structure, (b) Cross-sectional view of main part showing locking means with different structure Sectional drawing of the principal part which shows the latching means of another structure

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of an air spring according to the present invention will be described as being suitable for a railway vehicle with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows an air spring A for a railway vehicle. The air spring A is configured by arranging an air spring portion a, an internal stopper c, and an external stopper (elastic spring mechanism) b in this order from the top to the bottom. The air spring part a has a circular upper support part 1 as viewed in the vertical direction to be attached to a vehicle body (not shown) of a railway vehicle, and a base part (an example of a lower support part) 2 disposed below the air support part a. And a diaphragm 3 made of rubber (an example of an elastic material) such as CR and NR, which is provided over both 1 and 2.

The upper support portion 1 is made of a steel plate having a circular shape when viewed in the vertical direction. The upper and lower first and second support seats 1a and 1b, a steel plate made of a steel plate fixed to the lower surface of the first and second support seats 1c, A support shaft 1d having an upper and lower shaft center P fixed over these three parties 1a, 1b, and 1c, and is integrated with the lower surface side of the first and second support seats 1a and 1b outside the diameter of the cylindrical portion 1c. It has a ring-like shape and has a rubber upper seat 1e. A central hole 1f penetrating vertically is formed in the support shaft 1d.
The upper seat 1e is formed in a thin film shape on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 1c and is formed thick on the inside of the lower surfaces of the first and second support seats 1a and 1b. It is formed in a bowl shape. A circular plate-like sliding member 4 made of stainless steel is integrated on the lower surface of the cylindrical portion 1c by adhesion or the like.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the base portion 2 is composed of a ring-shaped, radially outer flange plate 2A, and a stepped disk-shaped, radially inner central disc 2B. The base plate 2 is configured by screwing and integrating the flange plate 2A and the center disc 2B with bolts and nuts 33 with the outer periphery of the center disc 2B placed on the inner periphery of the flange plate 2A.
The center disk 2B includes a bottom plate portion 10 on which the internal stopper c is mounted, an outer peripheral portion 11 that is mounted on the inner peripheral portion of the flange plate 2A at a position one step higher than the bottom plate portion 10, and an outer peripheral portion 11 It is a substantially deep dish-shaped part provided with the outer peripheral wall part 12 rising from the outermost periphery.
The side wall portion 13 connecting the bottom plate portion 10 and the outer peripheral portion 11 is formed with one or more through holes 14 for communicating the internal space of the elastic body 5 and the internal space of the diaphragm 3.

  The diaphragm 3 includes an upper bead portion 3a that is press-fitted into an upper corner formed by the second support seat 1b and the cylindrical portion 1c, and a disk upper portion 3b that is received by the upper seat 1e with a large area. The main body portion 3c that protrudes most laterally and the lower bead portion 3d fitted to the base portion 2 are formed. Thus, the diaphragm 3 has a structure that is fitted and mounted on both the upper support portion 1 and the base portion 2 without a fastening structure such as a bolt, as in a relationship between a tire and a wheel of an automobile, a so-called “self seal”. The air spring portion a having a “type diaphragm” is configured.

  The lower bead portion 3d is fitted and installed in a circumferential groove-shaped portion formed by the attachment ring 23 that is mounted and supported on the outer peripheral portion of the flange plate 2A and the flange-shaped outer peripheral wall portion 12. As shown in FIG. 1, the attachment ring 23 is formed of a ring-shaped support disc 24 made of a pressed steel sheet on the lower side and an annular rubber 25 integrated on the upper side thereof by vulcanization adhesion or the like. The inner peripheral portion of the support disc 24 is formed in a portion that enters into the lower side of the outer peripheral wall portion 12 of the central disc 2B.

The external stopper b is configured by interposing an elastic body 5 that forms an annular shape when viewed in the up-down direction, across the receiving base 6 on the cart side and the base 2 disposed above. The lower pedestal 6 has a central cylindrical shaft 6a having an axis P and a disk portion 6b that is a portion mounted on the carriage, and is formed in a circular shape when viewed in the vertical direction.
The elastic body 5 is made of a metal and has a laminated rubber structure in which three hard plates 8 and four upper and lower rubber layers 7 are alternately laminated on the upper and lower sides, and includes a disc portion 6b and a flange plate 2A. It is interposed between the upper and lower sides. Each hard plate 8, disk portion 6b, flange plate 2A and each rubber layer 7 are integrated by vulcanization adhesion.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the internal stopper c is composed of upper and lower mounting plates 15 and 16 made of steel plates and the like, and a cylindrical rubber 9 interposed between the upper and lower portions, It is mounted on the disk 2B. Further, a pre-compression mechanism d is provided which is mounted and supported on the central disk 2B in a state where the internal stopper c is compressed to some extent between the upper and lower sides.
The outer diameters of the upper and lower mounting plates 15, 16 that may not be the same as each other are slightly larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical rubber 9, and the inner diameter of the cylindrical rubber 9 is slightly larger than the inner diameters of the upper and lower mounting plates 15, 16. .

The internal stopper c is a temporary one that exerts an elastic function in place of the diaphragm 3 at the time of deflation in which the air of the diaphragm 3 is extracted, such as puncture or long-term storage, and is not used in a normal time when the diaphragm 3 normally acts as a spring.
At the time of deflation, the upper support portion 1 comes down, the plate-like sliding member 4 and the sliding sheet 21 come into contact with each other, and a load is applied to the internal stopper c. In this state, the suspension action is exhibited by both the internal stopper c and the elastic spring mechanism b. In normal times, the suspension action is exhibited by both the air spring part a and the elastic spring mechanism b.

  The pre-compression mechanism d includes a shaft-like bolt 17 attached to the center of the plate-like presser 18 and a nut 19 that can be screwed to the shaft-like bolt 17 that protrudes downward through the center of the center disk 2B. The locking means 22 is configured. One locking means 22 is provided at the center of the internal stopper c when viewed in the vertical direction. On the presser 18, a sliding sheet 21 made of a bottom friction material such as a fluororesin is provided by adhesion or the like. That is, the air spring A shown in FIG. 1 is configured as “locking means 22 = pre-compression mechanism d”.

The presser 18 has an outer peripheral portion 18 a that is fitted on the upper mounting plate 15 to form the inlay portion 20, and is integrated by welding with a shaft bolt 17 fitted therein. An inner screw portion 17 a for screwing the hanging hook is formed at the upper end portion of the shaft-like bolt 17.
That is, the inner stopper c and the center disk 2B are tightened by tightening the nut 19 on the shaft-like bolt 17 penetrating from top to bottom between the presser 18 and the center disk 2B. Is a pre-compression mechanism d having a configuration capable of compressing.

  In other words, an internal stopper c made of an elastic material is provided on the base portion 2 which is one of the upper support portion 1 and the base portion 2 so that the upper support portion 1 and the base portion 2 are relative to each other by a predetermined amount. As it moves closer, the upper support portion 1 and the internal stopper c, which are the other support portions of the upper support portion 1 and the base portion 2, move to the plate-like sliding member 4, the sliding sheet 21, and the presser 18. It is set as the structure contact | abutted through.

  Then, as shown in FIGS. 3, 4A, and 4B, the vertical distance H between the base portion 2 and the presser 18 is set to a value shorter than the vertical width h of the internal stopper c in the free state. Thus, a pre-compression mechanism d for compressing the internal stopper c by a predetermined amount is provided. The pre-compression mechanism d provides the locking means 22 that restricts the base portion 2 and the presser 18 from separating in the vertical direction against the elasticity of the internal stopper c, and the contour line of the internal stopper c in the vertical direction. It is comprised by deploying so that it may fit inside y.

Since the locking means 22 for maintaining the vertical distance H between the base portion 2 and the presser 18 at a value shorter than the vertical width h of the internal stopper c is disposed inside the contour line y of the internal stopper c, it is cylindrical. By setting the rubber 9 to a diameter close to the inner diameter of the side wall portion 13 (with the internal stopper c), the area can be made larger than before and the setting range of the spring constant of the internal stopper c can be made wider.
Further, not only is the operation of the locking means 22 capable of maintaining the internal stopper c in the pre-compressed state by a simple and less man-hour operation with only a single nut 19 turning operation, it is convenient. A very rational means is realized that the pre-compression mechanism d for pre-compressing the stopper c can also function at the same time.

  When the diaphragm is deflated, the lower support portion 1 and the internal stopper c that come down contact the plate-like sliding member 4 and the sliding sheet 21 and can cope with relative side slip. There is no relative lateral displacement between 18 and the upper mounting plate 15. In other words, parts that are not desirable for relative movement are set so that they do not move relative to each other, and parts that are assumed to be shifted relative to each other are shifted as expected. It is considered to be excellent.

Moreover, as shown to Fig.4 (a), the rotation stop mechanism e which prevents the relative rotational movement of the presser 18 and the internal stopper c is equipped. As an example, the anti-rotation mechanism e includes a pin 26 that is implanted in an upward projecting state on the upper mounting plate 15 and a hole 27 that is formed in the presser 18 so that the pin 26 can be fitted.
In order to operate the pre-compression mechanism d, when the nut 19 is screwed to the lower part of the shaft-like bolt 17 and rotated in the tightening direction, the presser 18 and the upper mounting plate 15 slip due to the torque, and tightening is impossible. There is a fear. However, the provision of the rotation stop mechanism e has an advantage in that the relative rotation movement between the presser 18 and the upper mounting plate 15 (internal stopper c) is prevented, and a reliable nut 19 can be hung.

[Another embodiment]
(1) As shown in FIG. 5A, the pre-compression mechanism d (the locking means 22) is a stepped shaft-like bolt whose shaft portion 17A has a slightly larger diameter than the tip portion 17B having a screw portion. A configuration having 17 is advantageous. That is, the shaft portion length f, which is the length of the portion below the presser 18 in the shaft portion 17A, is set equal to the vertical width H of the internal stopper c after compression.

  With such a configuration, the internal stopper c is compressed by a predetermined amount only by turning the nut 19 in the tightening direction until the ring-shaped stepped surface 17b comes into a shut-off state where the ring-shaped stepped surface 17b comes into contact with the center disk 2B. The pre-compression mechanism d and the locking means 22 that can be locked and maintained in this state can be provided.

(2) As shown in FIG. 5B, the air spring A may have a structure having an internal stopper c having a laminated rubber structure. That is, the internal stopper c is configured by interposing two-stage cylindrical rubbers 9 and 9 and an intermediate hard plate 28 made of a steel plate or the like alternately between the upper and lower mounting plates 15 and 16. Others are the same as the air spring A by Embodiment 1. FIG.
In addition, it is good also as an internal stopper c of the laminated rubber structure in which the cylindrical rubber 9 has three or more layers (two or more intermediate hard plates 28).

(3) The pre-compression mechanism d may be configured to include two or more sets of the two types of shaft bolts 17 and nuts 19 described above. For example, a structure in which two sets are provided at intervals of 180 degrees around the axis P or a structure in which three sets are provided at intervals of 120 degrees is possible.
Although not shown in the figure, for example, one set or a plurality of sets of bolts and nuts having a bolt head (such as a countersunk screw) that fits within the thickness range of the presser 18 are arranged inside the outline y of the internal stopper c. It is also possible to use the locking means 22 and the pre-compression mechanism d which are arranged in a vertically penetrating state so as to fit in the space.

(4) As shown in FIG. 6, the locking means provided with the locking shaft 17 in which the tip end portion of the shaft-shaped bolt 17 described above is not a threaded portion but a device shaft portion 17C having one or more hooks 29. It may be 22. The hook 29 is mounted on the locking shaft 17 so as to be able to return to the overhanging position protruding outward in the diameter and move back and forth within the shaft diameter. The hook hook 29 that swings on the tip shaft 30 supported by the locking shaft 17 moves into the diameter of the shaft 17 as the shaft 17 is inserted into the hole, and swings to the overhanging position after passing through the hole. Return.

  In this case, the means for compressing the internal stopper c by a predetermined amount may be performed by using a machine such as a hydraulic press, a tool, or the like. Oscillates back to the overhang position and maintains the state where the internal stopper c is compressed by a predetermined amount. Note that reference numeral 31 in FIG. 6 is a stopper that determines the protruding position of the hook hook 29, and reference numeral 32 is elastic means (coil spring) that projects and biases the hook hook 29.

(5) Although not shown, one pre-compression mechanism (bolt 17, nut 19, etc.) is provided at the center of the axis P, and one or more locking means 22 (see FIG. 6) are provided around it. An air spring A provided with an internal stopper c having the configuration described above is also possible.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Upper support part 2 Lower support part 3 Diaphragm 17 Bolt 18 Presser 18a Outer peripheral part 19 Nut 20 Inlay part 22 Locking means H Vertical distance of one support part and presser c Internal stopper d Precompression mechanism e Rotation mechanism h Internal stopper vertical width y Internal stopper outline

Claims (6)

An air spring comprising an upper support portion on the vehicle body side, a lower support portion on a cart side disposed below the upper support portion, and a diaphragm made of an elastic material provided across the upper support portion and the lower support portion. There,
As one of the upper support portion and the lower support portion is provided with an internal stopper made of an elastic material, the upper support portion and the lower support portion are moved relatively close to each other by a predetermined amount in the vertical direction. The other support portion of the upper support portion and the lower support portion and the internal stopper are in contact with each other,
A presser is disposed on the side of the internal stopper opposite to the side where the one support is present, and the vertical distance between the one support and the presser is set against the elasticity of the internal stopper. While providing a locking means for maintaining a value shorter than the vertical width, the locking means is arranged to fit inside the contour line of the internal stopper in a vertical view ,
An outer stopper having an annular elastic body is attached to the one supporting portion, and a central disk supporting the inner stopper in the one supporting portion is stepped so that the inner stopper enters inside the elastic body. An air spring formed in a disk shape .
  A pre-compression mechanism that compresses the vertical width of the internal stopper to a vertical interval between the one support portion and the presser is provided, and the pre-compression mechanism fits inside the contour line when viewed in the vertical direction. The air spring according to claim 1, wherein the air spring is arranged as described above.   The air spring according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the locking means includes a bolt and a nut provided across the one support portion and the presser.   The air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein one locking means is provided at a central portion of the internal stopper as viewed in the vertical direction.   The air spring according to claim 3, further comprising a rotation stop mechanism that prevents a relative rotational movement between the presser and the internal stopper.   The air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the presser is provided with an outer peripheral portion that is fitted on an upper end portion of the internal stopper to form an inlay portion.

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