JP5884612B2 - Air spring - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an air spring, and more particularly, to an air spring that can improve cushioning performance during deflation by effectively expressing the elasticity of a stopper.

  In a railway vehicle or the like, an air spring is disposed between the vehicle body and the carriage in order to reduce impact and vibration applied to the vehicle body when the vehicle is traveling. As an air spring, referring to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, an outer cylinder 110, a lower surface plate 120 disposed below the outer tube 110, and a rubber made member disposed so as to connect the outer cylinder 110 and the lower surface plate 120 A bolsterless air spring 100 mainly including a diaphragm 130, a laminated rubber 140 positioned below the lower surface plate 120, and a laminated rubber lower plate 150 positioned below the laminated rubber 140 is well known. For the purpose of ensuring good cushioning in a deflated state such as a punctured state, an air spring in which a stopper made of rubber or the like is disposed between an outer cylinder and a lower surface plate has been proposed (for example, a patent Reference 1-8).

JP 2003-254378 A JP 2007-127264 A JP 2003-294073 A JP 2009-222197 A JP 2009-52604 A JP 2010-169178 A JP 2008-302902 A JP 2008-302845 A

  In the air spring proposed in Patent Documents 1 to 8, when the stopper fitting arranged in contact with the upper portion of the stopper in the deflated state is displaced (lowered) in the main load direction, the main load direction with respect to the stopper fitting. There may be a case in which another component member facing in the direction perpendicular to the surface and the stopper fitting come into contact. In this case, there is a possibility that the stopper fitting receives a frictional resistance caused by contact with the other component member, and the smooth displacement in the main load direction of the stopper fitting may be hindered by the influence of the frictional resistance. As a result, the spring constant (elasticity) of the stopper disposed in contact with the lower portion of the stopper fitting cannot be sufficiently exhibited, and as a result, it is difficult to ensure good cushioning in the deflated state. There's a problem.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the said subject, The objective is to provide the air spring which can improve the cushioning property at the time of deflation by expressing the elasticity of a stopper effectively. .

  The air spring of the present invention connects a first support member, a second support member arranged at an interval in the main load direction when viewed from the first support member, and the first support member and the second support member. A diaphragm that is elastically deformable, a third support member that is disposed on the opposite side of the first support member from the second support member, and a second support member of the first support member. A first facing surface that is a surface facing the second supporting surface, a second facing surface that is a surface facing the first supporting member of the second supporting member, or a surface facing the first supporting member of the third supporting member. And a fourth support member disposed on the stopper support surface, which is one of the third opposing surfaces, and an elastically deformable stopper, and a fourth support member disposed on the side opposite to the second stopper support surface side when viewed from the stopper. And. A guide portion that protrudes in a direction along the main load direction and faces the fourth support member in a direction perpendicular to the main load direction is formed on the first facing surface or the second facing surface. At least one of the surface of the fourth support member facing the guide portion and the surface of the guide portion facing the fourth support member is a surface with a reduced dynamic friction coefficient.

  In the air spring of the present invention, at least one of the surface of the fourth support member facing the guide portion and the surface of the guide portion facing the fourth support member is a surface with a reduced coefficient of dynamic friction. Therefore, when the fourth support member is displaced in the main load direction while being in contact with the guide portion in the deflated state, the frictional resistance received by the contact of the fourth support member with the guide portion is suppressed. Thereby, compared with the case where a dynamic friction coefficient is not reduced, the 4th support member can be displaced more smoothly by the main load direction. As a result, the elasticity of the stopper on which the fourth support member is disposed can be sufficiently exhibited. Therefore, according to the air spring of this invention, the air spring which can improve the cushioning property at the time of deflation can be provided by expressing the elasticity of a stopper effectively.

  In the air spring, the fourth support member may be disposed at a distance from the guide portion in a direction perpendicular to the main load direction.

  Thereby, when a 4th supporting member displaces to a main load direction, a contact with a 4th supporting member and a guide part can be suppressed. As a result, the fourth support member can be displaced more smoothly in the main load direction.

  In the air spring, a sliding member may be disposed on at least one of the surface of the fourth support member facing the guide portion and the surface of the guide portion facing the fourth support member.

  Thereby, when the fourth support member is displaced in the main load direction while being in contact with the guide portion, it is possible to more effectively suppress the frictional resistance that the fourth support member receives due to the contact with the guide portion. As a result, the fourth support member can be displaced more smoothly in the main load direction.

  In the air spring, the guide portion may be formed on the first facing surface or the second facing surface so as to face the outer peripheral surface of the fourth support member. Moreover, the guide part may be formed on the 1st opposing surface or the 2nd opposing surface so that the inner peripheral surface of a 4th supporting member may be opposed. Thus, in the air spring, a simpler structure can be employed to improve cushioning during deflation.

  As is apparent from the above description, according to the air spring of the present invention, it is possible to provide an air spring capable of improving the cushioning property during deflation by effectively expressing the elasticity of the stopper.

It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of an air spring. It is a schematic sectional drawing for demonstrating operation | movement of an air spring. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of an air spring. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of an air spring. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a structure of an air spring according to Embodiment 2. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of an air spring. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of an air spring. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of the conventional air spring. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of the conventional air spring.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will not be repeated.

(Embodiment 1)
First, Embodiment 1 which is one embodiment of the present invention will be described. First, the structure of the air spring 1 of this Embodiment is demonstrated. Referring to FIG. 1, an air spring 1 includes an outer cylinder 11 as a first support member, a bottom plate 12 as a second support member, a diaphragm 13, an external stopper 14, and a rubber as a third support member. A lower plate 15, a built-in stopper 16, and a stopper member 17 as a fourth support member are mainly provided.

  In a region including the axis (center axis) P of the outer cylinder 11, a vehicle body side spigot 11 a that protrudes along the axis P to the side opposite to the lower surface plate 12 side is formed. An O-ring 11b is attached to the outer periphery of the vehicle body side spigot 11a. The outer cylinder 11 is connected to the vehicle body side (not shown) via the vehicle body side spigot 11a.

  The lower surface plate 12 is arranged at an interval in the main load direction as viewed from the outer cylinder 11 so as to share the axis P with the outer cylinder 11. On the second facing surface 12a facing the outer cylinder 11 of the lower surface plate 12, a guide portion 12b that protrudes in a direction along the main load direction and faces the stopper member 17 in a direction perpendicular to the main load direction is formed. Yes. As shown in FIG. 1, in the present embodiment, the guide portion 12 b is formed on the second facing surface 12 a so as to face the outer peripheral surface of the stopper member 17.

  The diaphragm 13 forms a closed space by connecting the outer cylinder 11 and the lower surface plate 12. Specifically, both ends of the diaphragm 13 are supported by the outer cylinder 11 and the lower surface plate 12, respectively. Thereby, the diaphragm 13, the outer cylinder 11, and the lower surface plate 12 form a closed space S. The diaphragm 13 is made of, for example, rubber and can be elastically deformed.

  The external stopper 14 is disposed on the side opposite to the outer cylinder 11 side when viewed from the lower surface plate 12. The external stopper 14 includes a plurality of hard layers 14a made of metal and elastic layers 14b made of rubber, and has a structure in which, for example, hard layers 14a and elastic layers 14b are alternately stacked in the main load direction. . The external stopper 14 can be elastically deformed by having a plurality of elastic layers 14b. A hollow portion is formed in a region including the axis P of the external stopper 14.

  The rubber lower plate 15 is arranged on the side opposite to the outer cylinder 11 when viewed from the lower surface plate 12, specifically below the external stopper 14 so as to share the axis P with the outer tube 11 and the lower surface plate 12. Yes. In the vicinity of the axis P of the rubber lower plate 15, a cart side spigot 15 a is formed along the axis P so as to protrude on the opposite side to the external stopper 14 side. In other words, a truck-side spigot 15 a is attached to the rubber lower plate 15 as a small-diameter portion that protrudes with the axis P as the central axis. An O-ring 15b is attached to the outer periphery of the truck-side spigot 15a. The rubber lower plate 15 is connected to a cart (not shown) through a cart side spigot 15a. The air spring 1 supports the vehicle body (not shown) with respect to the carriage (not shown) on the support surface 15c of the rubber lower plate 15.

  The built-in stopper 16 is disposed on the second facing surface 12 a that faces the outer cylinder 11 of the lower surface plate 12. The built-in stopper 16 has a cylindrical shape centered on the axis P, for example. A hollow portion is formed in a region including the axis P of the built-in stopper 16. The built-in stopper 16 is made of, for example, a massive rubber and can be elastically deformed. The spring constant of the built-in stopper 16 is not particularly limited, and may be larger, smaller, or the same as that of the external stopper 14.

  The stopper member 17 has a cylindrical shape centered on the axis P, and is disposed on the side opposite to the second facing surface 12 a side when viewed from the built-in stopper 16. A hollow portion penetrating in the thickness direction of the stopper member 17 is formed in a region including the axis P of the stopper member 17. The stopper member 17 may be made of metal or resin, for example.

  Further, the stopper member 17 is disposed so as to face the guide portion 12b formed on the second facing surface 12a in a direction perpendicular to the main load direction, that is, overlap in that direction. More specifically, a stopper outer surface 17a that is an outer peripheral surface facing the guide portion 12b of the stopper member 17 and a guide inner surface 12c that is an inner peripheral surface facing the stopper member 17 of the guide portion 12b are perpendicular to the main load direction. In opposite directions, and these surfaces are formed so as to be along each other in the main load direction. Further, at least one of the stopper outer surface 17a and the guide inner surface 12c, that is, both or one of the stopper outer surface 17a and the guide inner surface 12c is a surface on which, for example, a surface coating is applied to reduce the dynamic friction coefficient. Yes. Here, the surface having a reduced dynamic friction coefficient means, for example, a region where the surface roughness is further reduced compared to other regions.

  Next, operation | movement of the air spring 1 of this Embodiment is demonstrated. Referring to FIG. 1, in an inflated state in which a predetermined pressure is maintained in a closed space S formed inside diaphragm 13, shocks and vibrations applied from the carriage (not shown) side when the vehicle travels are 13 is relaxed by elastic deformation. On the other hand, referring to FIG. 2, in a state where the pressure in the closed space S is lowered, for example, in a deflated state that is a puncture state, the outer cylinder 11 is lowered toward the lower surface plate 12, and the outer cylinder 11, the stopper member 17, Will be in contact. Then, the outer cylinder 11 is further lowered, and the stopper member 17 in contact with the outer cylinder 11 is lowered while being in contact with the guide portion 12b by receiving a load (impact or vibration) from the horizontal direction. As a result, the built-in stopper 16 disposed below the stopper member 17 is compressed by an amount corresponding to the spring constant. Here, in the air spring 1, both or one of the stopper outer surface 17a and the guide inner surface 12c is a surface having a reduced dynamic friction coefficient. Therefore, as described above, when the stopper member 17 is lowered while being in contact with the guide portion 12b, the frictional resistance that the stopper member 17 receives due to the contact with the guide portion 12b is suppressed.

  As described above, in the air spring 1 of the present embodiment, at least one of the stopper outer surface 17a and the guide inner surface 12c is a surface on which a surface coating or the like is applied to reduce the dynamic friction coefficient. Therefore, for example, when the vehicle body rolls, a non-uniform load (a load from a direction different from the main load direction) is applied to the air spring, and the stopper member 17 is in contact with the guide portion 12b while being in contact with the guide portion 12b. In the case of displacement (downward) in the load direction, the frictional resistance that the stopper member 17 receives due to contact with the guide portion 12b is suppressed. Thereby, compared with the case where the dynamic friction coefficients of the stopper outer surface 17a and the guide inner surface 12c are not reduced, the stopper member 17 can be displaced more smoothly in the main load direction. As a result, the elasticity (spring constant) of the built-in stopper 16 disposed in contact with the stopper member 17 can be sufficiently developed. Therefore, according to the air spring 1 of the present embodiment, the cushioning property at the time of deflation can be improved by effectively expressing the elasticity of the stopper.

  Further, like the air spring 1, the stopper member 17 may be disposed at an interval from the guide portion 12b in a direction perpendicular to the main load direction, but the air spring of the present invention is limited to this. It is not a thing. That is, the stopper member 17 may be disposed so as to contact the guide inner surface 12c of the guide portion 12b on the stopper outer surface 17a. In addition, when the stopper member 17 is displaced in the main load direction by disposing the stopper member 17 at a distance from the guide portion 12b like the air spring 1, the stopper member 17 and the guide portion 12b Contact can be suppressed. As a result, the stopper member 17 can be displaced more smoothly in the main load direction.

  Referring to FIG. 3, in the air spring 1, a bent portion 17 b protruding so as to approach the second facing surface 12 a side where the built-in stopper 16 is disposed is provided in a region including the outer peripheral portion of the stopper member 17. It may be formed. In this case, the stopper member 17 may face the guide portion 12b in the bent portion 17b in a direction perpendicular to the main load direction. Moreover, the bending part 17b may be formed so that it may protrude along the guide part 12b.

  4, in the air spring 1, at least one of a stopper outer surface 17a that is a surface facing the guide portion 12b of the stopper member 17 and a guide inner surface 12c that is a surface facing the stopper member 17 of the guide portion 12b. In other words, sliding members 17c and 12d made of a low friction material may be disposed on one or both of the stopper outer surface 17a and the guide inner surface 12c. More specifically, sliding members 17c and 12d are disposed on at least one of the stopper member 17 and the guide portion 12b, and the surface of the sliding members 17c and 12d has a reduced dynamic friction coefficient. It may be. Thereby, when the stopper member 17 is displaced in the main load direction while being in contact with the guide portion 12b, it is possible to more effectively suppress the frictional resistance that the stopper member 17 receives due to the contact with the guide portion 12b. As a result, the stopper member 17 can be displaced more smoothly in the main load direction.

  Moreover, although the external stopper 14 is not an essential component in the air spring of the present invention, the cushioning property at the time of deflation can be further improved by including this. The external stopper 14 may have a structure in which a plurality of hard layers 14a and elastic layers 14b are alternately stacked in the main load direction, but is not limited thereto. That is, the external stopper 14 only needs to be elastically deformable. For example, the outer stopper 14 is made of a massive rubber having a conical surface centered on the axis P on the outer periphery of a stopper support member (not shown) having a hollow portion in the region including the axis P. You may have the structure where the elastic layer (not shown) which becomes is arrange | positioned. Further, for example, the stopper supporting member may have a structure in which a plurality of hard layers and elastic layers are alternately stacked so as to form a conical surface with the axis P as the center. Further, it may be made of, for example, massive rubber.

  In the air spring 1, the built-in stopper 16 may be made of a lump of rubber, but is not limited thereto. That is, the built-in stopper 16 only needs to be elastically deformable. For example, the built-in stopper 16 has a plurality of hard layers made of metal and elastic layers made of rubber, and the hard layers and the elastic layers are alternately laminated in the main load direction. You may have a structure. Further, for example, a structure in which an elastic layer (not shown) made of a massive rubber having a conical surface with the axis P as the center is arranged on the outer peripheral portion of a support member (not shown) having a hollow portion in a region including the axis P is provided. You may have. Further, for example, the support member may have a structure in which a plurality of hard layers and elastic layers are alternately stacked so as to form a conical surface with the axis P as the center.

  Moreover, in the air spring 1, the stopper member 17 may be arrange | positioned so that the state by which the built-in stopper 16 was previously compressed in the main load direction may be maintained.

(Embodiment 2)
Next, Embodiment 2 which is another embodiment of the present invention will be described. The air spring 2 of the present embodiment basically has the same configuration as the air spring 1 of the first embodiment and has the same effects. However, the air spring 2 of the present embodiment is different from the air spring 1 of the first embodiment in the structure of the stopper member and the guide portion.

  Referring to FIG. 5, in the air spring 2, similar to the air spring 1, the air spring 2 protrudes in the direction along the main load direction on the second facing surface 22 a facing the outer cylinder 21 of the bottom plate 22, and the main load A guide portion 22b facing the stopper member 27 in a direction perpendicular to the direction is formed. Here, in the present embodiment, the guide portion 22 b is formed on the second facing surface 22 a so as to face the inner peripheral surface of the stopper member 27.

  The stopper member 27 is disposed so as to face the guide portion 22b in a direction perpendicular to the main load direction. More specifically, the stopper inner surface 27b which is the inner peripheral surface of the stopper member 27 and faces the guide portion 22b, and the guide outer surface which is the outer peripheral surface of the guide portion 22b and faces the stopper member 27. 22c is opposed in a direction perpendicular to the main load direction. Further, at least one surface of the stopper inner surface 27a and the guide outer surface 22c, that is, both or one of the stopper inner surface 27a and the guide outer surface 22c is a surface having a reduced dynamic friction coefficient as in the first embodiment. Yes.

  Thus, in the air spring 2 according to the present embodiment, the guide portion 22b is formed on the second facing surface 22a so as to face the inner peripheral surface of the stopper member 27. While the structure of the air spring 1 is different from that of the air spring 1, the guide portion 22b and the stopper member 27 face each other in the direction perpendicular to the main load direction, and at least one of the stopper inner surface 27a and the guide outer surface 22c. One is a surface with a reduced dynamic friction coefficient. Therefore, according to the air spring 2 of the present embodiment, similarly to the air spring 1 of the first embodiment, the cushioning property at the time of deflation can be improved by effectively expressing the elasticity of the stopper.

  In the first and second embodiments, the case where the built-in stoppers 16 and 26 are disposed on the second facing surfaces 12a and 22a has been described. However, the air spring of the present invention is not limited to this. That is, the air spring of the present invention may be the air spring 3 in which the built-in stopper 36 is disposed on the first facing surface 31c, which is the surface facing the lower surface plate 32 of the outer cylinder 31, as shown in FIG. . In the air spring 3, the guide portion 31 e is formed on a first facing surface 31 c that is a surface facing the lower surface plate 32 of the outer cylinder 31. The air spring of the present invention may be an air spring 4 in which a built-in stopper 46 is disposed on a third facing surface 45c that is a surface facing the outer cylinder 41 of the rubber lower plate 45 as shown in FIG. . In the air spring 4, the built-in stopper 46 is arranged so as to be positioned above the lower surface plate 42 in the main load direction.

  The embodiment disclosed this time is to be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

  The air spring of the present invention can be particularly advantageously applied to an air spring that is required to improve cushioning during deflation by effectively expressing the elasticity of the stopper.

  1, 2, 3, 4 Air spring, 11, 31, 41 Outer cylinder, 11a Car body side spigot, 11b, 15b O-ring, 12, 22, 32, 42 Bottom plate, 12a, 22a Second facing surface, 12b, 22b , 31e Guide portion, 12c Guide inner surface, 13 Diaphragm, 14 External stopper, 14a Hard layer, 14b Elastic layer, 15, 45 Rubber lower plate, 15a Dolly side spigot, 15b O-ring, 15c Support surface, 16, 26, 36, 46 Built-in stopper, 17, 27 Stopper member, 17a Stopper outer surface, 17b, 27b Bent part, 17c, 12d Sliding member, 22c Guide outer surface, 27a Stopper inner surface, 31c First opposing surface, 45c Third opposing surface.

Claims (12)

A first support member;
A second support member disposed at an interval in the main load direction as viewed from the first support member;
A diaphragm that is elastically deformable by forming a closed space by connecting the first support member and the second support member;
A third support member disposed on the side opposite to the first support member as viewed from the second support member;
A first opposing surface which is a surface of the first supporting member facing the second supporting member; a second opposing surface which is a surface of the second supporting member facing the first supporting member; or A stopper which is arranged on a stopper support surface which is one of the third opposing surfaces which are the surfaces of the third support member facing the first support member, and which is elastically deformable;
A fourth support member disposed on the opposite side of the stopper support surface as viewed from the stopper;
A guide portion that protrudes in a direction along the main load direction and faces the fourth support member in a direction perpendicular to the main load direction is formed on the first facing surface or the second facing surface. ,
At least one of the surface of the fourth support member facing the guide portion and the surface of the guide portion facing the fourth support member is an air spring having a reduced dynamic friction coefficient.   2. The air spring according to claim 1, wherein the fourth support member is disposed at a distance from the guide portion in a direction perpendicular to the main load direction.   The sliding member is disposed on at least one of the surface of the fourth support member facing the guide portion and the surface of the guide portion facing the fourth support member. The air spring described in 1. 3. The surface coating is applied to at least one of the surface of the fourth support member that faces the guide portion and the surface of the guide portion that faces the fourth support member. The air spring described in 1. The guide portion, the fourth supporting member are formed on the outer circumferential surface on opposite way the first opposing face and the second opposing face of the air according to any one of claims 1 to 4 Spring. The air spring according to claim 5, wherein the fourth support member is a plate member having no bent portion in a region including the outer peripheral surface. The stopper support surface is the first facing surface;
The air spring according to claim 5, wherein the guide portion is formed on the first facing surface. The said guide part is formed on the said 1st opposing surface or the said 2nd opposing surface so that the inner peripheral surface of the said 4th supporting member may be opposed, The any one of Claims 1-4 . Air spring. The air spring according to claim 1, wherein the stopper has a cylindrical shape. The air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the fourth support member is disposed so that the stopper is maintained in a pre-compressed state in the main load direction. The air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising an external stopper that is disposed on a side opposite to the first support member as viewed from the second support member and is elastically deformable. The air spring according to claim 11, wherein the external stopper has a structure in which hard layers and elastic layers are alternately stacked in the main load direction.

Images