JP5116523B2 - Air spring - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a railcar bogie formed by filling and sealing a pressurized gas into an air chamber partitioned by airtightly connecting each end portion of a cylindrical flexible film body to each of an upper surface plate and a lower surface plate. In particular, the air spring can be driven at a relatively high speed while ensuring a certain riding comfort even when the air spring is deflated by a puncture or the like. Thus, an air spring that can keep the height dimension sufficiently small is proposed.

  In this type of air spring, as a conventional technique that can ensure safe driving of a vehicle at the time of deflation, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, the inside of the cylindrical flexible film body is provided at the time of deflation. A springy internal stopper that supports the face plate is provided, and a part of this internal stopper enters the internal space of the laminated rubber that supports the bottom plate, and the internal stopper is pre-compressed to increase the overall height of the air spring. In some cases, a lower spring constant enables the use of an internal stopper having a small spring constant and a substantially high height, thereby suppressing an increase in rigidity of the air spring during deflation.

Moreover, as disclosed in Patent Document 2, as a prior art aiming to provide a non-linear spring characteristic at the time of deflation and to improve riding comfort, between the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate, A cylindrical flexible film body that forms an air chamber is interposed therein, and a first spring rubber having a low spring constant and the axial deflection of the first stopper rubber are disposed inside the cylindrical flexible film body. And a second spring rubber having a high spring constant for limiting the non-linear spring characteristic that increases the temporary spring constant in both the bolster-equipped cart and the bolster-less cart, even if the deflated state occurs. To reduce the impact on ride comfort and limit the amount of car body sinking, enabling safe driving.
JP 2002-206582 A JP 2006-105244 A

  However, both of these conventional techniques require that a stopper rubber such as an internal stopper is disposed on the bottom plate side of the air spring, and the plane space for the stopper rubber is relatively small. In order to dispose the stopper rubber of the volume necessary for realizing the spring characteristics of the above, it is inevitable to increase the size of the stopper rubber in the vertical direction. Therefore, the vertical dimension of the air spring is reduced, and consequently the air spring There is a problem that it is difficult to lower the floor of the vehicle to which the vehicle is attached, which is more serious when a mechanism for pre-compressing the stopper rubber is provided in a limited space. Has a problem that the overall height of the air spring becomes higher due to the narrowing of the area where the stopper rubber is disposed.

  An object of the present invention is to solve such problems of the prior art, and the object of the present invention is to provide a stopper rubber for preventing deflation of an air spring, etc. An object of the present invention is to provide an air spring that can suppress the height of the spring to a sufficiently low level and facilitate the lowering of the floor of a railway vehicle.

In the present invention, when the upper and lower face plates of the air spring are compared with each other, the upper face plate has a larger surface area facing the air chamber of the air spring. Therefore, when the stopper rubber or the like is disposed, the lower face plate The air spring according to the present invention has a cylindrical shape on each of the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate. A gas chamber partitioned by airtightly connecting each end portion of the flexure body is filled with pressurized gas such as air, nitrogen gas or other inert gas, In the air chamber, between the upper surface plate and the movable plate that can be moved toward and away from the upper surface plate, for example, it is fixed to at least one of the upper surface plate and the movable plate, or to either of them. Is the rubber stopper is not, and arranged in a pre-compressed state in the vertical direction, the movable plate, and unbound to the lower surface plate with a predetermined gap between the lower surface plate in the normal state, deflated state When it becomes, it is provided so that it can contact | abut to a lower surface board .

Here, preferably, another stopper rubber that is not pre-compressed, for example, fixed to one of them is disposed in parallel with the pre-compressed stopper rubber between the upper surface plate and the movable plate. To do.
In this case, it is preferable that another stopper rubber is disposed at a required interval between the stopper rubber and the movable plate or the upper plate.

Preferably, the movable plate is attached to the upper surface plate by a plurality of retaining guide pins that penetrate the movable plate and guide the vertical displacement of the movable plate, for example.
And this retaining guide pin can also be comprised with the volt | bolt, for example, the volt | bolt which prevented the contact in the thread part to the movable plate.

  By the way, in the air spring as described above, a laminated rubber having a required number of alternately horizontal laminated structures of an annular rubber plate and an annular rigid plate can be attached below the lower surface plate.

  In the air spring of the present invention, the stopper rubber having a required volume is provided over a wider range by disposing the stopper rubber between the upper plate having a large area facing the air chamber and the movable plate in the air chamber. As a result, the height of the stopper rubber, and hence the height of the air spring, can be effectively reduced as compared with the prior art. As a result, the vehicle floor using the air spring can be easily lowered. Can be realized.

  In addition, here, the stopper rubber is disposed in a pre-compressed state in the vertical direction, and the vertical height of the stopper rubber itself is reduced as necessary, so that the air spring under the normal condition of the air spring is reduced. The required elastic deformation can be performed sufficiently smoothly and the desired spring function can be exhibited.

On the other hand, under the deflated state caused by puncture or the like of the air spring, the precompressed stopper rubber comes into contact with the lower surface plate via the movable plate, and the vertical load acting on the upper surface plate. Depending on the size of the movable plate, the movable plate is compressed under proximity displacement to the top plate and deformed under a relatively small spring constant, so as to ensure a constant riding comfort to the vehicle, The vehicle can be driven at a relatively high speed.
In this case, of course, the spring constant of the stopper rubber is increased by an amount corresponding to the pre-compression amount.

  In such an air spring, when another stopper rubber that is not pre-compressed is disposed in parallel with the stopper rubber between the upper surface plate and the movable plate, the pre-compressed stopper rubber, When both of the stopper rubbers are compressed and deformed simultaneously via the movable plate, the elastic function can be exerted under a large spring constant that is the sum of the spring constants of the respective stopper rubbers. With respect to the action of a particularly large vertical load in the deflated state, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the change in the height of the vehicle body while ensuring the ride comfort on the vehicle.

In this case, when one stopper rubber is placed under a pre-compressed state and another stopper rubber is disposed at a predetermined interval between the stopper rubber and the movable plate, for example, the deflate of the air spring In this state, after the pre-compression stopper rubber is compressed and deformed by the predetermined interval, the pre-compression stopper rubber and other stopper rubber are subjected to simultaneous compression deformation, so the pre-compression stopper rubber It is possible to provide a non-linear spring characteristic that is soft at the beginning of deformation and hard from the start of deformation of other stopper rubbers.
Therefore, in this case, the required nonlinear spring characteristic can be easily realized by appropriately selecting the interval until the movable plate comes into contact with another stopper rubber.

  Here, when the movable plate is attached to the upper surface plate by a plurality of retaining pins that penetrate the movable plate and guide the vertical displacement of the movable plate, for example, a pre-compression mechanism for one stopper rubber and the movable plate Both plate displacement guide mechanisms have a simple structure, and a wider space for stopper rubber can be secured, so that the required volume of stopper rubber can be placed at a lower height over a large area. It becomes possible to do.

  And, when the retaining guide pin is a bolt, the predetermined pre-compression of the stopper rubber and the displacement guide of the movable plate can be realized very simply and easily by tightening the bolt by a predetermined amount. can do.

Further, when a laminated rubber having an alternately horizontal laminated structure of an annular rubber plate having a circular outline, a polygon, etc. and a similar annular rigid plate is attached to the lower side of the lower surface plate, an air spring When the rubber is in the inflated state, the laminated rubber can be elastically deformed under the soft spring characteristics with respect to the horizontal load, regardless of whether it is in the deflated state, thereby effectively improving the running performance of the vehicle. Can do.
In addition, here, the laminated rubber itself is not subject to any design restrictions by disposing the stopper rubber on the upper plate side in the air chamber, and thus the laminated rubber has been used conventionally. The product as designed can be used as it is.

  FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention in a normal posture of an air spring, that is, a posture in which a predetermined load on a vehicle body side of a railway vehicle is supported at a specified height. A face plate, 2 indicates a bottom plate, and 3 is a cylindrical film body in which both the upper and lower end portions are hermetically connected to the face plates 1 and 2 in a horizontal posture, here, The rubber bellows which embed | buried the reinforcement layer and does not expand / contract substantially is shown.

  The end portions of the rubber bellows 3 shown in the figure are, for example, the bead portions 5a and 5b in which core bodies 4a and 4b such as ring-shaped bead cores are embedded, and the upper and lower face plates 1 and 2 are respectively fitted. The upper and lower face plates 1 under the self-sealing structure that is pressed and sealed with the pressure of air, nitrogen gas or other inert gas, and is hermetically connected to the face plates 1 and 2. , 2, and the self-sealing structure eliminates the need for connecting or tightening means such as bolts and nuts, so that the bellows 3 is attached to and detached from the upper and lower face plates 1, 2. It is possible to make the operation of maintenance, replacement, etc. 3 is sufficiently easy.

Further, as shown in this figure, the lower surface of the lower surface plate 2 of the air spring 6 having the above-described configuration is formed into an annular shape having a required planar shape such as a circle or a square as indicated by an imaginary line in the figure. A laminated rubber 7 having a required number of alternating horizontal laminated structures of a rubber plate and a similar annular rigid plate is provided, and a central through hole 7a of the laminated rubber 7 communicated with an auxiliary tank (not shown). The throttle part 2b of the gas flow path 2a provided in the lower surface plate 2 is opened.
In addition, a gas flow path 1b communicated with a gas supply means (not shown) on the vehicle body side is provided on the mounting boss 1a on the vehicle body side provided on the upper surface plate 1.

  Further, in the air spring 6, the upper surface plate 1 and the upper surface plate are defined in an air chamber 8 that is partitioned by the upper and lower face plates 1 and 2 and the rubber bellows 3 and filled with a gas of a predetermined pressure. An annular stopper rubber 10 that can be fixed to at least one of the movable plates 9 that can be moved toward and away from 1 is disposed in a pre-compressed state in the vertical direction. A space C necessary for the axial contraction displacement of the air spring 6 is secured between the movable plate 9 and the lower surface plate 2.

  Here, the pre-compression of the stopper rubber 10 is performed by, for example, using a plurality of peripheral portions of the movable plate 9 as bolts or the like with respect to the stopper rubber 10 having a free length as illustrated by an imaginary line in the figure. This can be realized by tightening a predetermined amount with the retaining guide pin 11 that can be removed.

By the way, when using a bolt as the retaining guide pin 11, the head of the bolt is used to prevent the movable plate 9 and the neck is used to guide the movable plate 9 toward and away from the upper surface plate 1. Can do.
Therefore, the neck portion that guides the displacement of the movable plate 9 is not provided with a thread portion, or the thread that exists in the neck portion that controls the guide is covered with, for example, a sleeve that also serves as a spacer, and is movable. It is preferable to displace the plate 9 on its sleeve or the like in order to ensure smooth displacement of the movable plate 9.

  Further, in this air spring 6, the movable plate 9 is not pre-compressed between the step-up portion 9 a on the outer peripheral side of the pre-compression portion of the stopper rubber 10 and the upper surface plate 1 and larger in diameter than the stopper rubber 10. The other stopper rubber 12 is fixed to the upper surface plate 1 or the step-up portion 9a, and a predetermined interval 8 is provided between the step-up portion 9a or the upper surface plate 1 and the step-up portion 9a in the drawing. The stopper rubber 10 is disposed in parallel.

When the stopper rubbers 10 and 12 are arranged in this way, the upper surface plate 1 has a larger area facing the air chamber 8 than the lower surface plate 2, and the stopper rubber 10 is pre-compressed by the movable plate 9. Further, since the displacement guide of the movable plate 9 can be configured in a small size under a simple structure, the stopper rubbers 10 and 12 can be arranged over a wider area. As a result, the strip rubber having a required volume can be obtained. The height in the vertical direction can be set sufficiently low.
Thereby, the floor reduction of the vehicle to which the air spring is applied can be easily realized.

  The air spring 6 configured as described above has an interval C within an interval C against an increase in vertical load acting on the air spring 6 in a state where a required gas is filled and sealed in the air chamber 8 at a required pressure. Therefore, the vertical load can be elastically supported under the spring characteristics inherent to the air spring 6.

  On the other hand, when the air spring 6 is in a deflated state due to damage of the rubber bellows 3 or the like, the pre-compressed annular stopper rubber 10 passes through the movable plate 9 due to leakage of the sealed gas. The stopper rubber 10 pre-compressed according to the magnitude of the vertical load acting on the upper surface plate 1 will come into contact with the lower surface plate 2, and the movable plate 9 is under the guide of the retaining guide pin 11. Then, it is gradually compressed and deformed based on the proximity displacement toward the upper surface plate 1 side.

In this case, for example, when an interval δ is set between another stopper rubber 12 that is not pre-compressed and the step-up portion 9a of the movable plate 9, the movable plate 9 is an amount corresponding to the interval δ. Only the pre-compressed stopper rubber 10 is compressed and deformed until it is displaced close to the top plate 1 only. The spring constant at this time is as illustrated by the solid line A in FIG. Spring characteristics can be obtained.
Therefore, with respect to the action of the vertical load in this range, it is possible to allow the vehicle to travel at a relatively high speed while ensuring a certain riding comfort on the vehicle.

On the other hand, after the interval δ disappears due to the continued compressive deformation of the pre-compressed stopper rubber 10 under the action of a larger vertical load, the movable plate 9 in contact with the lower surface plate 2 is separated from the stopper rubber 10. At the same time, the other stopper rubber 12 is also compressed and deformed.
In this case, since both the stopper rubbers 10 and 12 have a spring parallel arrangement structure for the input of the compressive force, the subsequent spring constant is the addition of the spring constants of the respective stopper rubbers 10 and 12. As a value, it will be manifested as a large inclination line segment as exemplified by the solid line B in FIG. 2, and a hard spring characteristic will be obtained.
Therefore, with respect to the action of a large vertical load on the vehicle, it is possible to effectively prevent a large change in the vehicle height due to excessive sinking of the vehicle body while ensuring excellent riding comfort as a whole.

  Here, when the laminated rubber 7 as shown in phantom lines in FIG. 1 is attached to the air spring 6, the laminated rubber itself is not subject to any restrictions on the design dimensions when the rubber bellows 3 is normal. In addition, the air spring 6 and the air spring 6 can be horizontally deformed as expected to sufficiently achieve excellent riding comfort and high-speed running performance.

On the other hand, in the deflated state of the air spring 6, the input of the horizontal load under the action of the vertical load on the upper surface plate 1 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene or the like provided on the lower surface plate 1 by the movable plate 9. A predetermined shear direction of the laminated rubber 7 caused by the relative horizontal displacement of the upper and lower face plates 1 and 2 and the horizontal load input to the lower face plate 2 via the rubber bellows 3 based on sliding on the sliding sheet 13. By deformation, this will also be supported under soft spring properties.
Therefore, it is possible to sufficiently ensure excellent riding comfort and high-speed running performance regardless of whether the air spring 6 is in an inflated state or a deflated state when a horizontal load is input.

It is a longitudinal section showing an embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the example of a change of the spring constant with respect to the deformation | transformation amount of the stopper rubber by a vertical load in the deflated state of an air spring.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Upper surface board 2 Lower surface board 3 Rubber | gum bellows 6 Air spring 7 Laminated rubber 8 Air chamber 9 Movable plate 10 Precompression stopper rubber 11 Retaining guide pin 12 Other stopper rubber 13 Sliding sheet

Claims (6)

Each of the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate is an air spring formed by filling and sealing a pressurized gas into an air chamber partitioned by airtightly connecting each end portion of the cylindrical flexible film body,
In the air chamber, a stopper rubber is disposed in a pre-compressed state in the vertical direction between the upper surface plate and a movable plate that can be moved toward and away from the upper surface plate .
When the movable plate is in a normal state, the movable plate is not connected to the lower surface plate with a predetermined distance from the lower surface plate. When the movable plate is in a deflated state, the movable plate is provided so as to be in contact with the lower surface plate. Become an air spring.   The air spring according to claim 1, wherein another stopper rubber that is not pre-compressed is disposed in parallel with the stopper rubber between the upper surface plate and the movable plate.   The air spring according to claim 2, wherein the other stopper rubber is disposed at a predetermined interval between the stopper rubber and the movable plate or the upper plate.   The air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the movable plate is attached to the upper surface plate by a plurality of retaining guide pins for guiding the vertical displacement of the movable plate.   The air spring according to claim 4, wherein the retaining guide pin is constituted by a bolt.   The air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a laminated rubber having an alternately laminated structure of an annular rubber plate and an annular rigid plate is provided below the lower surface plate.

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