JP3866520B2 - Air spring - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an air spring employed in a railway vehicle or the like, and more particularly, to an air spring that improves the traveling safety of a vehicle during deflation (puncture).
[0002]
[Prior art]
Air springs improve ride comfort during vehicle travel, and can maintain the same level difference between the vehicle body and platform regardless of the number of passengers. It is used as
[0003]
FIG. 2 shows an example of a conventional air spring. In the figure, 1 is an inner cylinder, 2 is an outer cylinder, 3 is a diaphragm that seals between the inner and outer cylinders, and the illustrated air spring includes a stopper rubber 4 inside the diaphragm 3.
[0004]
The stopper rubber 4 is provided to reduce the deterioration of the riding comfort of the vehicle during deflation. When the air pressure in the diaphragm 3 is lost, the stopper rubber 4 rides on the inner cylinder 1 and receives the outer cylinder 2. support.
[0005]
2 is a general air spring for a bolster-equipped cart, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are general air springs for a bolster-less cart.
[0006]
The air springs of FIGS. 3 and 4 are provided with a laminated rubber stopper rubber 4 ′, which is formed by stacking rubber and a reinforcing plate vertically or concentrically, outside the diaphragm 3, and the stopper rubber 4 ′. The inner cylinder 1 is supported from below. In this case, the stopper rubber 4 'works effectively as a spring even during inflation and has a great influence on the characteristics of the air spring. It also serves to suppress the deterioration of the ride comfort of the vehicle during deflation.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional air spring shown in FIG. 2, the stopper rubber 4 provided inside the diaphragm 3 is very hard (the spring characteristic is 800 to 1500 kgf / mm). Therefore, the stopper rubber 4 is deflated and the stopper rubber 4 is located on the inner cylinder 1. When the vehicle gets on the vehicle, the wheel load loss during driving increases, the derailment coefficient of the left and right wheels of the vehicle = Q / P (refer to FIG. 5) becomes smaller, and the derailment factor becomes worse when the track conditions are bad. May exceed the limit of 0.8 to 1.0 and may easily lead to derailment. With this, it is not possible to ensure the running safety of the railway vehicle during deflation.
[0008]
Therefore, it is conceivable to use a flexible stopper rubber to reduce the rigidity of the air spring during deflation.
[0009]
However, although it is still possible to lower the upper and lower composite spring constant of the stopper rubber to about 300 kgf / mm, for example, using such a flexible rubber increases the amount of compression of the stopper rubber at the time of deflation. A high stopper rubber is required, and the amount of sinking of the vehicle body at the time of deflation becomes larger than the vehicle limit as compared with that at the time of inflation, resulting in a problem that equipment mounted on the lower surface of the vehicle body contacts the ground.
[0010]
Therefore, in order to ensure the traveling safety of the vehicle at the time of deflation, it is necessary to devise a device having a function required at the time of deflation to an air spring having a limited height.
[0011]
This invention makes it a subject to provide the air spring which met the request | requirement.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an internal spring formed of a laminated rubber having a spring property inside a diaphragm disposed between an inner and an outer cylinder, and the inner spring supports the outer cylinder at the time of deflation. A cylindrical outer stopper made of laminated rubber having spring properties is attached, the inner cylinder is attached to the upper end of the outer stopper, and a recess provided in the center of the inner cylinder is provided inside the outer stopper. Enter the space in a hollow support state, make the internal stopper smaller in spring constant than the external stopper, attach the internal stopper on the recess of the inner cylinder, and overlap the internal stopper and the external stopper, This internal stopper is pre-compressed in the height direction by applying a load equivalent to the minimum support load or less, and this internal stopper is moved in the height direction. It is the contraction and roll is supported in the inner cylinder as permitted.
[0014]
[Action]
An air spring provided with an external stopper has a smaller rigidity when deflated than an air spring without an external stopper, but it is difficult to ensure the vehicle's running safety. For this reason, a part of the internal stopper was allowed to enter the external stopper. In this way, the total height of the air spring is reduced by an amount equivalent to the overlap amount of both stoppers, and the free height of the internal stopper can be increased correspondingly, and the spring constant of the internal stopper is lowered to reduce the deflation rate. It becomes possible to further reduce the rigidity of the air spring.
[0015]
Further, since the internal stopper is pre-compressed by an amount corresponding to the load at the time of empty vehicle, the height of the internal stopper becomes smaller than that when free. Accordingly, the substantial height of the internal stopper (the height when free) can be increased to ensure the support of the outer cylinder.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of an air spring of the present invention.
[0017]
In the figure, 1 is an inner cylinder, 2 is an outer cylinder attached to the vehicle body side, 3 is a diaphragm for sealing between the inner and outer cylinders, 6 is a coating plate attached to the upper end of the internal stopper 5, 7 is a presser for receiving the coating plate 6, 8 Is an external stopper attached to the carriage side, and the inner cylinder 1 is attached on the external stopper 8.
[0018]
The internal stopper 5 is formed of a laminated rubber in which natural rubber layers 5a and reinforcing plates 5b are alternately stacked in multiple stages to form a composite. Similarly, the external stopper 8 uses a laminated rubber in which a rubber layer 8a and a reinforcing plate 8b are stacked. The external stopper 8 has a cylindrical shape , and a recessed portion 1a provided in the central portion of the inner cylinder 1 is inserted into the internal space, and the internal stopper 5 is mounted on the recessed portion 1a. Therefore, the internal stopper 5 and the external stopper 8 overlap each other by a length L, and the total height of the air spring is reduced accordingly.
[0019]
The internal stopper 5 has a smaller spring constant than the external stopper 8, and the internal stopper 5 is pre-compressed by applying a load corresponding to the minimum support load (the load due to the weight of the vehicle body applied during empty vehicle deflation). The pre-compressed state is maintained by receiving the coating plate 6 with the presser 7 bolted to the inner cylinder 1. The coating plate 6 is allowed to descend at a predetermined stroke, and the internal stopper 5 is compressed during deflation within the allowable stroke. The coating plate 6 is allowed to swing sideways.
[0020]
In addition, since the bolsterless bogie has a function of skidding on the air spring, a fluororesin film 9 is provided on the upper surface of the coating plate 6, and this film reduces the frictional resistance with the outer cylinder 2 that is in contact during deflation. The
[0021]
If the laminated rubber shown in the drawing is used for the internal stopper 5 and the external stopper 8 having spring properties, a large reduction in the total height of the air spring can be secured, and the structure can be simplified .
[0022]
The illustrated air spring has a spring constant of about 780 kgf / mm for the external stopper 8 that works effectively as a spring at the time of inflation, and a combined spring constant of about 300 kgf / mm for the internal stopper 5 and the external stopper 8. However, these are determined according to the specifications of the railway vehicle to be applied, and are not limited to the illustrated numerical values.
[0023]
The illustrated air spring configured as described above has a total height lower than that of the conventional product by adding the preliminary compression amount of the internal stopper 5 to the overlap amount L of the internal stopper 5 and the external stopper 8. Further, the compression of the internal stopper 5 occurs when a load exceeding the compression load at the time of preliminary compression is applied. Further, at the time of deflation, the outer cylinder 2 gets on the coating plate 6 and easily slides.
[0024]
In this air spring, the amount of car body settlement during deflation (height change between inflation and deflation) is a value obtained by adding the compression amount of the external stopper 8 to the compression amount of the internal stopper 5. In consideration of the above, it is necessary to design the height and spring characteristics of the internal stopper 5 and the external stopper 8 so that the amount of car body settlement during deflation does not exceed the limit. The above-described overall height reduction enables the design.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, since the air spring of the present invention is arranged by overlapping the internal stopper and the external stopper, the overall height can be lowered.
[0026]
By pre-compressing the internal stopper , the overall height can be further reduced, thereby making the spring constant of the internal stopper smaller than before, suppressing the increase in rigidity of the air spring during deflation, and improving the running safety of the vehicle. It becomes possible to secure.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of an air spring of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional air spring. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional air spring. Fig. 5 Explanation of vehicle derailment coefficient 【Explanation of symbols】
1 Inner cylinder 2 Outer cylinder 3 Diaphragm 4, 4 'Stopper rubber 5 Internal stopper 6 Coating plate 7 Presser 8 External stopper 9 Fluoro resin film

Claims (1)

An internal spring made of laminated rubber with springiness is provided inside the diaphragm arranged between the inner and outer cylinders, and the air spring that supports the outer cylinder when deflated with the internal stopper is made of laminated rubber with springiness. A cylindrical outer stopper is provided, and the inner cylinder is attached to the upper end of the outer stopper, and a recess provided in the center of the inner cylinder is inserted into the inner space of the outer stopper in a state of hollow support, The internal stopper has a smaller spring constant than the external stopper, this internal stopper is mounted on the recess of the inner cylinder, and the internal stopper and the external stopper are overlapped. The inner cylinder is pre-compressed in the height direction by applying the following load and the inner stopper is allowed to be compressed and swayed in the height direction. Air spring, characterized in that the support was.

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