TWI548822B - An air spring for a vehicle and a trolley using the air spring - Google Patents
An air spring for a vehicle and a trolley using the air spring Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明係關於車輛用空氣彈簧，特別是關於膨脹時(封入有空氣之正常時)、收縮時(所謂漏氣時)之彈簧特性優異，亦可圖較習知品更為小型化之空氣彈簧與使用該空氣彈簧之台車。 The present invention relates to an air spring for a vehicle, and particularly relates to an air spring which is excellent in spring characteristics during expansion (normal when air is sealed) and when it is contracted (so-called air leakage), and can also be used in an air spring which is more compact than conventional products. The air spring trolley.
做為鐵道車輛用之懸吊而採用之空氣彈簧，係做為二次彈簧設置於車輛之台車與車體之間。於此空氣彈簧有帶承樑台車用與無承樑台車用。 The air spring used as a suspension for a railway vehicle is installed as a secondary spring between the vehicle and the vehicle body. This air spring is used with a bolster trolley and a bolsterless trolley.
在此等空氣彈簧中，有揭示於下述專利文獻1者。專利文獻1之空氣彈簧具有於台車側安裝之內筒、於車體側安裝之外筒、於該內筒與外筒間設置且將空氣封入之薄膜，另外，具有分別具有彈性之外部止動器與內部止動器。 Among these air springs, there is disclosed in Patent Document 1 below. The air spring of Patent Document 1 has an inner cylinder mounted on the trolley side, an outer cylinder mounted on the vehicle body side, a film disposed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and enclosing air, and an external stopper having elasticity, respectively. And internal stoppers.
外部止動器與內部止動器多使用將橡膠層與補強板彼此重疊之積層橡膠形成者。外部止動器為大致圓筒狀，支持具備薄膜之空氣彈簧之內筒。此外，內部止動器係設置於薄膜之內側，於收縮時支持外筒。 The outer stopper and the inner stopper use a laminated rubber former that overlaps the rubber layer and the reinforcing plate. The outer stopper is substantially cylindrical and supports an inner cylinder of a film spring. In addition, the internal stopper is disposed inside the film to support the outer cylinder when contracted.
於收縮時外筒搭載於內部止動器上，進行透過內部止動器與外部止動器之荷重(車體重量)支持。 At the time of contraction, the outer cylinder is mounted on the inner stopper, and the load (body weight) transmitted through the inner stopper and the outer stopper is supported.
藉此，因收縮之薄膜造成之緩衝性能喪失藉由內部止動器之彈簧特性加以彌補，於收縮時亦確保車輛之行進安全性與不快感較少之搭乘感。 Thereby, the loss of the cushioning performance due to the contracted film is compensated by the spring characteristics of the internal stopper, and also ensures the ride safety and the feeling of discomfort of the vehicle when the vehicle is contracted.
上述構造之空氣彈簧因具備外部止動器與內部止動器兩者而有高度尺寸變大之傾向。 The air spring of the above configuration tends to have a large height dimension due to both the external stopper and the inner stopper.
做為該問題之對策，專利文獻1之空氣彈簧，如圖4所示，於內筒之中央部設向下凹之凹部並使該凹部進入外部止動器之內部，於該凹部上安裝內部止動器。藉此，使外部止動器與內部止動器於高度方向部分重疊而可將全高(全體之高度尺寸)縮短。 As a countermeasure against this problem, as shown in FIG. 4, the air spring of Patent Document 1 has a concave portion that is recessed downward at a central portion of the inner cylinder, and the concave portion enters the inside of the outer stopper, and the inside is attached to the concave portion. Stopper. Thereby, the outer stopper and the inner stopper are partially overlapped in the height direction, and the full height (the overall height dimension) can be shortened.
專利文獻1：特開2002-206582號公報 Patent Document 1: JP-A-2002-206582
於前述專利文獻1之空氣彈簧中，在為了進一步降低內部止動器之彈簧常數而使內部止動器之高度増大之場合，若欲至少維持全高，會使外部止動器與內部止動器之重疊量増大。 In the air spring of Patent Document 1, when the height of the internal stopper is increased to further reduce the spring constant of the internal stopper, if the full height is to be maintained at all, the external stopper and the internal stopper are caused. The amount of overlap is large.
膨脹時，空氣彈簧於水平方向變位時，外部止動器係彈性變形並承擔輔助薄膜之水平運動之任務。此時，有必要使已傾斜之外部止動器不與安裝內部止動器之內筒之凹部干涉。然而，若為了迴避與外部止動器之干涉而使凹部較小，將使內部止動器之之外徑變小而無法充分確保內部止動器之受壓面積。 When expanding, when the air spring is displaced in the horizontal direction, the external stopper elastically deforms and assumes the task of assisting the horizontal movement of the film. At this time, it is necessary to prevent the tilted outer stopper from interfering with the concave portion of the inner cylinder in which the inner stopper is mounted. However, if the concave portion is made small in order to avoid interference with the external stopper, the outer diameter of the inner stopper is made small, and the pressure receiving area of the inner stopper cannot be sufficiently ensured.
本發明之課題係對併用分別具有彈性之外部止動器與內部止動器之空氣彈簧，進一步降低全高及確保收縮時之良好彈簧特性。 An object of the present invention is to further reduce the full height and ensure good spring characteristics at the time of shrinkage by using an air spring having an elastic outer stopper and an inner stopper, respectively.
為了解決上述課題，本發明之車輛用空氣彈簧係一種車輛用空氣彈簧，具備車體側之外筒、比前述外筒下方之內筒、配置於前述外筒與前述內筒之間之薄膜、支持前述內筒之具有彈簧特性之筒狀之外部止動器、以前述內筒支持之具有彈簧特性之內部止動器，前述內筒具有在前述外部止動器之內側對該外部止動器於高度方向重疊並支持前述內部止動器之一端面之下端變細之傾斜支持壁，進一步具備固定前述內部止動器之另一端面且夾著前述內部止動器與前述傾斜支持壁對向之下端變細之傾斜固定壁。 In order to solve the problem, the air spring for a vehicle of the present invention includes a vehicle air spring, a vehicle body side outer cylinder, an inner cylinder lower than the outer cylinder, and a film disposed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. a cylindrical outer stopper having a spring characteristic of the inner cylinder, an inner stopper having a spring characteristic supported by the inner cylinder, the inner cylinder having an outer stopper on an inner side of the outer stopper An inclined support wall that overlaps in the height direction and supports a lower end of one end surface of the inner stopper, and further includes another end surface that fixes the inner stopper and faces the inclined support wall with the inner stopper interposed therebetween The lower end is tapered to fix the wall.
於此車輛用空氣彈簧，由於前述內筒係以前述傾斜支持壁支持前述內部止動器，故即使空氣彈簧之水平變位使前述外部止動器傾斜，亦可避免前述傾斜支持壁與前述外部止動器之干涉，確保前述內部止動器之支持面積。藉由確保前述內部止動器之受壓面積及體積，於收縮時亦可適當承受前述空氣彈簧之搭載荷重。此外，在前述傾斜支持壁與前述傾斜固定壁之間固定之前述內部止動器係作用為準剪斷型止動器，於收縮時亦可獲得良好之彈簧特性。 In the vehicle air spring, since the inner cylinder supports the inner stopper by the inclined support wall, even if the horizontal displacement of the air spring causes the outer stopper to tilt, the inclined support wall and the outer portion can be avoided. The interference of the stopper ensures the support area of the aforementioned internal stopper. By ensuring the pressure-receiving area and volume of the internal stopper, it is also possible to appropriately withstand the load of the air spring when contracting. Further, the aforementioned internal stopper fixed between the inclined support wall and the inclined fixed wall functions as a quasi-shear type stopper, and good spring characteristics can be obtained at the time of contraction.
於一實施形態中，做為前述內部止動器係使用承受車輛而引起剪斷變形之下端漸細圓錐形之準剪斷型之止動器，將此準剪斷型之內部止動器之一端面(外徑面)固定於前述傾斜支持壁，將前述內部止動器之另一端面(內徑面)固定於前述傾斜固定壁。 In one embodiment, the internal stopper is a quasi-shear type stopper that receives the vehicle and causes a tapered conical shape at the lower end of the shear deformation, and the quasi-shear type internal stopper is used. One end surface (outer diameter surface) is fixed to the inclined support wall, and the other end surface (inner diameter surface) of the internal stopper is fixed to the inclined fixed wall.
前述內筒可具有前述傾斜支持壁、從前述傾斜支持壁 之底部往內側(中心方向)延伸之補強壁。 The inner cylinder may have the aforementioned inclined support wall, and the inclined support wall from the foregoing The reinforcing wall extends to the inner side (center direction) at the bottom.
此內部止動器較佳係設於前述凹部之周壁內面大致全範圍。 Preferably, the inner stopper is provided over substantially the entire inner surface of the peripheral wall of the recess.
本發明亦提供一種台車，於安裝有車軸與車輪之台車架上做為懸吊而設置上述本發明之空氣彈簧。 The present invention also provides a trolley in which the above-described air spring of the present invention is provided as a suspension on a frame on which an axle and a wheel are mounted.
在車輛中引起準剪斷變形而產生緩衝效果之空氣彈簧用之準剪斷型止動器，係前述專利文獻1之圖4中亦顯示之周知之緩衝材。本發明之空氣彈簧係做為內部止動器而使用該準剪斷型之止動器，故於凹部之周壁與內部止動器之間不必設置用來容許內部止動器之水平方向彈性變形之空間。因此，可無浪費地利用內筒之內部空間。 A quasi-shear type stopper for an air spring which causes a quasi-shear deformation in a vehicle to generate a cushioning effect is a well-known cushioning material which is also shown in FIG. 4 of the above-mentioned Patent Document 1. The air spring of the present invention uses the quasi-shear type stopper as an internal stopper, so that it is not necessary to provide a horizontal elastic deformation between the peripheral wall of the recess and the inner stopper. Space. Therefore, the internal space of the inner cylinder can be utilized without waste.
此外，由於使該準剪斷型之內部止動器呈下端漸細之圓錐形狀，故可使設於內筒凹部之周壁呈下端漸細之圓錐形狀，並於該周壁與外部止動器之間確保用來容許外部止動器之水平方向彈性變形之下端變寬之空間。 Further, since the quasi-shear type inner stopper has a conical shape in which the lower end is tapered, the peripheral wall of the recessed portion of the inner cylinder can be tapered in a tapered shape at the lower end, and the peripheral wall and the outer stopper are A space for widening the lower end of the elastic deformation in the horizontal direction of the external stopper is ensured.
此外，藉由採用準剪斷型之內部止動器，亦可緩和前述凹部周壁之傾斜角θ之限制，使該傾斜角θ充分大。藉此，無需使從凹部底壁至外部止動器之下面板之距離増大，即可使外部止動器之水平方向彈性變形之容許量増大，故能進一步降低全高、確保收縮時良好之彈簧特性。 Further, by using the quasi-shear type inner stopper, the restriction of the inclination angle θ of the peripheral wall of the recess can be alleviated, and the inclination angle θ can be sufficiently large. Thereby, it is not necessary to increase the distance from the bottom wall of the recess to the lower panel of the outer stopper, so that the allowable amount of elastic deformation of the outer stopper in the horizontal direction can be made large, so that the spring can be further lowered to ensure a good spring at the time of contraction. characteristic.
此外，由於本發明之台車係採用進一步降低全高與可確保收縮時良好彈簧特性之空氣彈簧，故能因應加大車輪直徑之要求、以及提高收縮時行進安全性之要求，有助於 車輛之高速化。 In addition, since the trolley of the present invention adopts an air spring that further reduces the full height and ensures good spring characteristics at the time of contraction, it can contribute to the requirement of increasing the diameter of the wheel and the safety of traveling during contraction. The speed of the vehicle.
以下，基於圖式之圖1~圖3及圖5~圖6說明本發明之車輛用空氣彈簧與台車之實施形態。於圖1顯示之車輛用空氣彈簧1係組合外筒2、內筒3、薄膜4、外部止動器5、內部止動器6、按壓板7而構成。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the air spring for a vehicle and the vehicle according to the present invention will be described based on Figs. 1 to 3 and Figs. 5 to 6 of the drawings. The vehicle air spring 1 shown in Fig. 1 is configured by combining an outer cylinder 2, an inner cylinder 3, a film 4, an outer stopper 5, an inner stopper 6, and a pressing plate 7.
外筒2係將具有給排氣用空氣出入口2b之支軸2c設於覆蓋薄膜4上部之上面板2a中心的構件，此外筒2係安裝於車體20。 The outer cylinder 2 is provided with a support shaft 2c having an air supply/exhaust air inlet and outlet 2b, and a member for covering the center of the upper panel 2a of the upper portion of the film 4, and the cylinder 2 is attached to the vehicle body 20.
於該外筒2與內筒3間配置薄膜4。往此薄膜4之內部導入壓縮空氣並於膨脹時發揮氣墊效果。 A film 4 is disposed between the outer cylinder 2 and the inner cylinder 3. Compressed air is introduced into the inside of the film 4 and exerts an air cushion effect upon expansion.
外部止動器5係引起壓縮變形之壓縮型緩衝材。圖示之外部止動器5，係將環狀之橡膠層5a-1與補強板5a-2彼此重疊之大致圓筒狀之積層橡膠5a與下面板5b加以組合而構成，以具有空氣出入口5c之支軸5d為中心垂下設置之前述下面板5b，則安裝於車輛之台車10。於此外部止動器5之上端固定內筒3，且該內筒3之支持以外部止動器5進行。空氣出入口2b、5c係透過後述設於內筒3之凹部8之底壁8-2與中空錐狀體9之孔而連通。 The outer stopper 5 is a compression type cushioning material that causes compression deformation. The external stopper 5 shown in the drawing is configured by combining a substantially cylindrical laminated rubber 5a and a lower panel 5b in which the annular rubber layer 5a-1 and the reinforcing plate 5a-2 overlap each other to have an air inlet and outlet 5c. The lower shaft 5d, which is provided with the support shaft 5d as a center, is attached to the trolley 10 of the vehicle. The inner cylinder 3 is fixed to the upper end of the outer stopper 5, and the support of the inner cylinder 3 is performed by the outer stopper 5. The air inlets and outlets 2b and 5c communicate with the bottom wall 8-2 of the recessed portion 8 of the inner cylinder 3, which will be described later, and the hole of the hollow tapered body 9.
另外，外部止動器5之性能係被定為在承受最大想定荷重之狀態下，內筒3不致疊至下面板5b上。 Further, the performance of the external stopper 5 is determined such that the inner cylinder 3 does not overlap the lower panel 5b while being subjected to the maximum desired load.
內筒3於中央具備向下凹之凹部8。該凹部8具備下端漸細之周壁(傾斜支持壁)8-1與底壁(補強壁)8-2，於 此凹部之周壁8-1上設置內部止動器6並以內筒3支持內部止動器6。 The inner cylinder 3 has a downwardly concave recess 8 at the center. The recessed portion 8 has a peripheral wall (inclined support wall) 8-1 and a bottom wall (reinforcing wall) 8-2 which are tapered at the lower end, and An inner stopper 6 is provided on the peripheral wall 8-1 of the recess and the inner stopper 6 is supported by the inner cylinder 3.
內部止動器6係會對垂直加重(來自上方之荷重)產生剪斷變形之準剪斷型緩衝材。此內部止動器6之彈簧常數設定為較外部止動器5小。此外，可於收縮時將按壓板7保持於懸浮位置。圖示之內部止動器6，雖係以圓錐狀橡膠層6a-1與圓錐狀補強板6a-2彼此重疊之積層橡膠6a構成，但如圖2所示，亦可以單一之橡膠塊構成。 The internal stopper 6 is a quasi-shear type cushioning material that produces shear deformation for vertical weighting (load from above). The spring constant of this internal stopper 6 is set to be smaller than that of the external stopper 5. Further, the pressing plate 7 can be held in the floating position at the time of contraction. Although the inner stopper 6 shown in the figure is composed of a laminated rubber 6a in which the conical rubber layer 6a-1 and the conical reinforcing plate 6a-2 overlap each other, as shown in Fig. 2, a single rubber block may be used.
此內部止動器6係呈下端漸細圓錐形狀並將傾斜之外徑面fo接於凹部8之周壁8-1之內面。 The inner stopper 6 has a tapered tapered shape at the lower end and connects the inclined outer diameter surface fo to the inner surface of the peripheral wall 8-1 of the recess 8.
按壓板7由周緣部7a與中央部(凸部)7b組成。周緣部7a以按壓具3a按壓，中央部(凸部)7b比按壓具3a往上方突出。按壓板7雖係以設於內筒3上部之按壓具3a阻止從圖1之位置往上移動，但容許從圖1之位置往下移動與對內筒3之水平方向既定量相對移動。圖示之按壓板7，在與內筒3之滑動面亦有具氟樹脂等低摩擦係數之塗布層(未圖示)，此場合，不必大幅確保上述水平方向相對移動量。 The pressing plate 7 is composed of a peripheral portion 7a and a central portion (convex portion) 7b. The peripheral edge portion 7a is pressed by the pressing tool 3a, and the central portion (protrusion portion) 7b protrudes upward from the pressing tool 3a. Although the pressing plate 7 is prevented from moving upward from the position of FIG. 1 by the pressing device 3a provided on the upper portion of the inner cylinder 3, it is allowed to move downward from the position of FIG. 1 and to move relative to the horizontal direction of the inner cylinder 3 in a quantitative manner. The pressing plate 7 shown in the figure also has a coating layer (not shown) having a low friction coefficient such as a fluororesin on the sliding surface of the inner cylinder 3, and in this case, it is not necessary to sufficiently ensure the relative movement amount in the horizontal direction.
於此按壓板7之中央下面垂下設置與凹部8同心配置之中空錐狀體9，將該中空錐狀體9之下端漸細圓錐形之外周面(傾斜固定壁)做為荷重施加面9a，且於該面接著有內部止動器6之內徑面fi。 A hollow tapered body 9 disposed concentrically with the concave portion 8 is suspended from the center of the pressing plate 7, and the outer peripheral surface (inclined fixed wall) of the lower tapered end of the hollow tapered body 9 is used as the load applying surface 9a. On this side, the inner diameter surface fi of the inner stopper 6 is followed.
另外，內部止動器6之外徑面fo與內徑面fi之接著係僅針對該止動器之上側與下側進行，內、外徑面之高度方 向中間部則對荷重施加面9a與周壁8-1分別為未接著之狀態。藉由此構成雖可使內部止動器6易產生由垂直荷重造成之剪斷變形，但亦可將外徑面fo與內徑面fi之全面接著。 Further, the connection between the outer diameter surface fo of the inner stopper 6 and the inner diameter surface fi is performed only for the upper side and the lower side of the stopper, and the heights of the inner and outer diameter surfaces are In the intermediate portion, the load application surface 9a and the peripheral wall 8-1 are respectively in a state in which they are not connected. With this configuration, the internal stopper 6 can be easily deformed by the vertical load, but the outer diameter surface fo and the inner diameter surface fi can be fully integrated.
此內部止動器6，係使內筒3之凹部8進入外部止動器5之內側。因此，被凹部之周壁8-1支持之內部止動器6在圖1顯示之長度L之範圍於高度方向重疊於外部止動器5，與無重疊之構造相較可使空氣彈簧之全高降低相當於長度L之量。 This inner stopper 6 causes the recess 8 of the inner cylinder 3 to enter the inner side of the outer stopper 5. Therefore, the inner stopper 6 supported by the peripheral wall 8-1 of the concave portion overlaps the outer stopper 5 in the height direction in the range of the length L shown in Fig. 1, and the full height of the air spring can be lowered as compared with the non-overlapping configuration. Equivalent to the amount of length L.
內部止動器6係從上方適度加壓而進行預備壓縮，藉由按壓板7阻止從預備壓縮點之復原而保持預備壓縮狀態。此內部止動器6之性能被定為在收縮時承受最大想定荷重之狀態下維持按壓板7之懸浮狀態。 The internal stopper 6 is pre-compressed by moderate pressure from above, and the pressing plate 7 prevents the recovery from the preliminary compression point and maintains the preliminary compression state. The performance of the inner stopper 6 is set to maintain the suspension state of the pressing plate 7 in a state of being subjected to the maximum desired load at the time of contraction.
此內部止動器6，如圖1、圖2所示，於凹部之周壁8-1內面之大致全範圍設置較理想。如此，可無浪費地利用凹部8之內部空間，亦可最大限度地確保橡膠層之體積。 As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the inner stopper 6 is preferably provided over substantially the entire inner surface of the peripheral wall 8-1 of the recess. In this way, the internal space of the recess 8 can be utilized without waste, and the volume of the rubber layer can be maximized.
如上述構成之此車輛用空氣彈簧1，由於採用準剪斷型之內部止動器6，故不必於凹部之周壁8-1與內部止動器6之間設置以往設有之圖4之空間g1。 Since the vehicle air spring 1 configured as described above employs the quasi-shear type internal stopper 6, it is not necessary to provide the space of the conventionally provided FIG. 4 between the peripheral wall 8-1 of the recess and the internal stopper 6. G1.
此外，由於該準剪斷型之內部止動器6為呈下端漸細之圓錐形狀，故可於內筒之凹部之周壁8-1與外部止動器5之間確保用來容許外部止動器5之水平方向彈性變形(設計上之最大彈性變形量)之下寬空間g2。 Further, since the quasi-shear type inner stopper 6 has a conical shape which is tapered at the lower end, it can be secured between the peripheral wall 8-1 of the recess of the inner cylinder and the outer stopper 5 to allow external stopper The wide space g2 below the elastic deformation of the device 5 in the horizontal direction (the maximum amount of elastic deformation in design).
凹部之周壁8-1，與採用壓縮型內部止動器之專利文獻1之空氣彈簧不同，在確保內部止動器6之受壓面積之同時 傾斜角的限制少。因此，可加大周壁8-1之傾斜角θ而使空間g2増大。 The peripheral wall 8-1 of the concave portion is different from the air spring of Patent Document 1 in which a compression type internal stopper is used, while ensuring the pressure receiving area of the internal stopper 6. There are fewer restrictions on the tilt angle. Therefore, the inclination angle θ of the peripheral wall 8-1 can be increased to make the space g2 large.
因此，無須加大從凹部之底壁8-2至外部止動器之下面板5b之距離即能増大外部止動器5之水平方向彈性變形之容許量，故能進一步降低車輛用空氣彈簧之全高、與確保收縮時良好之彈簧特性。 Therefore, it is possible to further reduce the allowable amount of elastic deformation of the outer stopper 5 in the horizontal direction without increasing the distance from the bottom wall 8-2 of the recess to the lower stopper 5b of the outer stopper, so that the air spring for the vehicle can be further reduced. Full height, and good spring characteristics to ensure shrinkage.
此外，由於採用了準剪斷型之內部止動器，故與採用壓縮型內部止動器之專利文獻1之空氣彈簧相較，亦可獲得使彈簧常數對收縮時之垂直荷重充分小之效果。專利文獻1之空氣彈簧雖係收縮時最軟可達彈簧常數3kN/mm之等級，但若是準剪斷型之內部止動器的話，收縮時之彈簧常數可低至2kN/mm以下之等級，故使用者之選擇範圍擴大。 Further, since the quasi-shear type internal stopper is used, the effect of making the spring constant sufficiently smaller than the vertical load at the time of contraction can be obtained as compared with the air spring of Patent Document 1 using the compression type internal stopper. . The air spring of Patent Document 1 is softest at the level of the spring constant of 3 kN/mm when it is contracted, but the spring constant at the time of contraction can be as low as 2 kN/mm or less if it is a quasi-shear type internal stopper. Therefore, the user's choice is expanded.
另外，將內部止動器6設於凹部之周壁8-1內面大致全範圍之空氣彈簧，其內筒3之內部空間之利用效率更加上升，亦可最大限度地確保構成內部止動器6之橡膠層之體積。內部止動器及外部止動器係橡膠層之體積越大、橡膠之荷重負擔越輕而在耐久性方面較有利。 Further, the inner stopper 6 is provided in an air spring having substantially the entire inner surface of the peripheral wall 8-1 of the recess, and the utilization efficiency of the inner space of the inner cylinder 3 is further increased, and the inner stopper 6 can be secured as much as possible. The volume of the rubber layer. The larger the volume of the inner stopper and the outer stopper rubber layer, the lighter the load load of the rubber, and the durability is advantageous.
圖5係顯示圖1之發明之空氣彈簧之其他形態之剖面圖。圖6係顯示圖2之發明之空氣彈簧之其他形態之剖面圖。在此等形態中，支軸5d係突出至凹部之底壁8-2。藉此，除了圖1與圖2之實施效果外，當空氣彈簧之水平移動距離大至一定程度以上，可獲得不易水平移動之效果。亦即，藉由支軸5d接觸底壁(補強壁)8-2，抑制外部止動器5之水平變位。此外，在空氣彈簧於水平方向大幅變位 而支軸5d接觸底壁(補強壁)8-2後，外部止動器5即無法移動，空氣彈簧全體之水平方向剛性變大。藉此，可抑制空氣彈簧大幅水平移動時之水平變位量，最終可抑制車輛之大幅變位。 Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another form of the air spring of the invention of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another form of the air spring of the invention of Fig. 2. In these forms, the support shaft 5d projects to the bottom wall 8-2 of the recess. Thereby, in addition to the effects of the embodiment of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, when the horizontal movement distance of the air spring is larger than a certain level, an effect of being difficult to horizontally move can be obtained. That is, the horizontal displacement of the outer stopper 5 is suppressed by the support shaft 5d contacting the bottom wall (reinforcing wall) 8-2. In addition, the air spring is largely displaced in the horizontal direction. When the support shaft 5d contacts the bottom wall (reinforcing wall) 8-2, the outer stopper 5 cannot move, and the horizontal rigidity of the entire air spring becomes large. Thereby, the amount of horizontal displacement when the air spring is largely moved horizontally can be suppressed, and finally, the large displacement of the vehicle can be suppressed.
本發明，係藉由傾斜之內部止動器構造來抑制往水平方向之移動。另一方面，藉由傾斜之內部止動器構造，於剪斷方向亦成為可動，而獲得良好之彈簧常數(緩衝性)。藉由該支持體之附設，可抑制不必要之水平移動，故可使傾斜之內部止動器構造之緩衝性更為確實。 The present invention suppresses the movement in the horizontal direction by the inclined internal stopper structure. On the other hand, by the inclined internal stopper structure, it is also movable in the shearing direction, and a good spring constant (cushioning property) is obtained. By the attachment of the support, unnecessary horizontal movement can be suppressed, so that the cushioning property of the inclined internal stopper structure can be made more reliable.
另外，支軸5d之空氣出入口5c可有可無。於下側不設吸氣孔之場合，於支軸5d沒有空氣出入口5c亦可。 In addition, the air inlet and outlet 5c of the support shaft 5d may or may not be available. When the suction hole is not provided on the lower side, there is no air inlet/outlet 5c in the support shaft 5d.
其次，於圖3顯示本發明之台車之實施形態。如圖示，例示之台車10具有安裝有車軸11與車輪12之台車架13。於台車架13含有側樑13a。該台車架13係透過軸彈簧14被支承於車軸11，於該台車架13上設置上述車輛用空氣彈簧1做為懸吊。 Next, an embodiment of the trolley of the present invention is shown in FIG. As illustrated, the illustrated trolley 10 has a frame 13 on which the axle 11 and the wheels 12 are mounted. The frame 13 includes a side member 13a. The frame 13 is supported by the axle 11 via a shaft spring 14, and the vehicle air spring 1 is provided as a suspension on the frame 13.
車輛用空氣彈簧1，係將外部止動器5之下面板5b固定於台車架13，將此空氣彈簧1之外筒2固定於鐵道車輛之車體20而使空氣彈簧1在台車10與車體20之間。 The air spring 1 for a vehicle fixes the lower panel 5b of the outer stopper 5 to the frame 13, and fixes the outer cylinder 2 of the air spring 1 to the body 20 of the railway vehicle so that the air spring 1 is in the trolley 10 Between the car body 20.
如上述構成之台車10，係採用全高更降與收縮時可確保良好彈簧特性之空氣彈簧1，故可因應增大車輪12之直徑之要求及提高收縮時行進安全性之要求，因應車輛高速化之要求。 The trolley 10 configured as described above adopts the air spring 1 which can ensure good spring characteristics when the height is lowered and contracted, so that the requirements for increasing the diameter of the wheel 12 and the safety of traveling during contraction can be increased, and the vehicle speed is increased. Requirements.
上述實施形態並非限制本發明之技術範圍者，在本發 明之範圍內可有各種變形及應用。例如保持按壓板之按壓具可以是螺帽或螺栓。 The above embodiments are not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention. There are various variations and applications within the scope of the Ming. For example, the pressing device that holds the pressing plate may be a nut or a bolt.
於按壓板可設置空氣彈簧垂吊用之螺栓。 A bolt for air spring hanging can be provided on the pressing plate.
於按壓板可設置賦予空氣彈簧之減衰之孔。 A hole for imparting attenuation to the air spring may be provided on the pressing plate.
於傾斜固定壁可設置空氣彈簧垂吊用之螺栓。 A bolt for air spring hanging can be provided on the inclined fixed wall.
於傾斜固定壁可設值給予空氣彈簧之減衰之孔。 The inclined fixed wall can be set to give the air spring a reduced aperture.
1‧‧‧空氣彈簧 1‧‧‧Air Spring
2‧‧‧外筒 2‧‧‧Outer tube
2a‧‧‧上面板 2a‧‧‧Upper panel
2b‧‧‧空氣出入口 2b‧‧‧Air entrances and exits
2c‧‧‧支軸 2c‧‧‧ spindle
3‧‧‧內筒 3‧‧‧Inner tube
3a‧‧‧按壓具 3a‧‧‧ Pressing
4‧‧‧薄膜 4‧‧‧film
5‧‧‧外部止動器 5‧‧‧External stopper
6‧‧‧內部止動器 6‧‧‧Internal stopper
5a、6a‧‧‧積層橡膠 5a, 6a‧‧‧ laminated rubber
5a-1、6a-1‧‧‧橡膠層 5a-1, 6a-1‧‧‧ rubber layer
5a-2、6a-2‧‧‧補強板 5a-2, 6a-2‧‧‧ reinforcing plate
5b‧‧‧下面板 5b‧‧‧ lower panel
5c‧‧‧空氣出入口 5c‧‧‧Air entrance
5d‧‧‧支軸 5d‧‧‧ spindle
fo‧‧‧外徑面 Fo‧‧‧outside surface
fi‧‧‧內徑面 Fi‧‧‧Inner diameter surface
7‧‧‧按壓板 7‧‧‧ Pressing plate
7a‧‧‧周緣部 7a‧‧‧The Peripheral Department
7b‧‧‧中央部(凸部) 7b‧‧‧Central Department (Protrusion)
8‧‧‧凹部 8‧‧‧ recess
8-1‧‧‧周壁(傾斜支持壁) 8-1‧‧‧Wall wall (tilted support wall)
8-2‧‧‧底壁(補強壁) 8-2‧‧‧ bottom wall (reinforcing wall)
9‧‧‧中空錐狀體 9‧‧‧ hollow cone
10‧‧‧台車 10‧‧‧Trolley
11‧‧‧車軸 11‧‧‧Axle
12‧‧‧車輪 12‧‧‧ Wheels
13‧‧‧台車架 13‧‧‧Trailer
13a‧‧‧側樑 13a‧‧‧Side beam
14‧‧‧軸彈簧 14‧‧‧Axis spring
20‧‧‧車體 20‧‧‧ body
g1、g2‧‧‧空間 G1, g2‧‧‧ space
θ‧‧‧內筒之凹部之周壁之傾斜角 The inclination angle of the peripheral wall of the concave portion of the θ‧‧‧ inner cylinder
L‧‧‧外部止動器與內部止動器之重疊長度 L‧‧‧Overlap length of external stopper and internal stopper
da‧‧‧外筒與按壓板間之徑方向間隙尺寸 Da‧‧‧diameter clearance between the outer cylinder and the pressing plate
db‧‧‧在外部止動器半徑之水平方向彈性變形之容許量 Db‧‧‧ Allowable amount of elastic deformation in the horizontal direction of the outer stopper radius
圖1係顯示本發明之空氣彈簧之一形態之剖面圖。 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one form of an air spring of the present invention.
圖2係顯示本發明之空氣彈簧之其他形態之剖面圖。 Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing another form of the air spring of the present invention.
圖3係顯示本發明之台車之實施形態之概要之側面圖。 Fig. 3 is a side view showing an outline of an embodiment of the trolley of the present invention.
圖4係揭示於專利文獻1之空氣彈簧之剖面圖。 Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the air spring of Patent Document 1.
圖5係顯示圖1之發明之空氣彈簧之其他形態之剖面圖。 Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another form of the air spring of the invention of Fig. 1.
圖6係顯示圖2之發明之空氣彈簧之其他形態之剖面圖。 Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another form of the air spring of the invention of Fig. 2.
1‧‧‧空氣彈簧 1‧‧‧Air Spring
2‧‧‧外筒 2‧‧‧Outer tube
2a‧‧‧上面板 2a‧‧‧Upper panel
2b‧‧‧空氣出入口 2b‧‧‧Air entrances and exits
2c‧‧‧支軸 2c‧‧‧ spindle
3‧‧‧內筒 3‧‧‧Inner tube
3a‧‧‧按壓具 3a‧‧‧ Pressing
4‧‧‧薄膜 4‧‧‧film
5‧‧‧外部止動器 5‧‧‧External stopper
6‧‧‧內部止動器 6‧‧‧Internal stopper
5a、6a‧‧‧積層橡膠 5a, 6a‧‧‧ laminated rubber
5a-1、6a-1‧‧‧橡膠層 5a-1, 6a-1‧‧‧ rubber layer
5a-2、6a-2‧‧‧補強板 5a-2, 6a-2‧‧‧ reinforcing plate
5b‧‧‧下面板 5b‧‧‧ lower panel
5c‧‧‧空氣出入口 5c‧‧‧Air entrance
5d‧‧‧支軸 5d‧‧‧ spindle
fo‧‧‧外徑面 Fo‧‧‧outside surface
fi‧‧‧內徑面 Fi‧‧‧Inner diameter surface
7‧‧‧按壓板 7‧‧‧ Pressing plate
7a‧‧‧周緣部 7a‧‧‧The Peripheral Department
7b‧‧‧中央部(凸部) 7b‧‧‧Central Department (Protrusion)
8‧‧‧凹部 8‧‧‧ recess
8-1‧‧‧周壁(傾斜支持壁) 8-1‧‧‧Wall wall (tilted support wall)
8-2‧‧‧底壁(補強壁) 8-2‧‧‧ bottom wall (reinforcing wall)
9‧‧‧中空錐狀體 9‧‧‧ hollow cone
9a‧‧‧荷重施加面 9a‧‧‧ load application surface
10‧‧‧台車 10‧‧‧Trolley
20‧‧‧車體 20‧‧‧ body
g2‧‧‧空間 G2‧‧‧ space
θ‧‧‧內筒之凹部之周壁之傾斜角 The inclination angle of the peripheral wall of the concave portion of the θ‧‧‧ inner cylinder
L‧‧‧外部止動器與內部止動器之重疊長度 L‧‧‧Overlap length of external stopper and internal stopper
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW101100769A TWI548822B (en) | 2012-01-09 | 2012-01-09 | An air spring for a vehicle and a trolley using the air spring |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW101100769A TWI548822B (en) | 2012-01-09 | 2012-01-09 | An air spring for a vehicle and a trolley using the air spring |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW201328922A TW201328922A (en) | 2013-07-16 |
| TWI548822B true TWI548822B (en) | 2016-09-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW101100769A TWI548822B (en) | 2012-01-09 | 2012-01-09 | An air spring for a vehicle and a trolley using the air spring |
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| Country | Link |
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| TW (1) | TWI548822B (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002206582A (en) * | 2001-01-12 | 2002-07-26 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Air suspension |
| TW200501210A (en) * | 2003-04-01 | 2005-01-01 | Tokyo Electron Ltd | Heat processing method and heat processing apparatus |
| TW200535350A (en) * | 2004-01-22 | 2005-11-01 | Fujikura Rubber Ltd | Air-spring vibration isolation device |
| CN201090656Y (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-07-23 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Air spring for automobile |
| JP2009197986A (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2009-09-03 | Bridgestone Corp | Air spring device |
| EP2180204A2 (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2010-04-28 | ContiTech Luftfedersysteme GmbH | Additional spring with slide |
| WO2011093807A1 (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2011-08-04 | Aktas Hava Suspansiyon Sistemleri Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi | Bottom plate with bumper, made of thermoplastic material, used at air suspension systems |
-
2012
- 2012-01-09 TW TW101100769A patent/TWI548822B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002206582A (en) * | 2001-01-12 | 2002-07-26 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Air suspension |
| TW200501210A (en) * | 2003-04-01 | 2005-01-01 | Tokyo Electron Ltd | Heat processing method and heat processing apparatus |
| TW200535350A (en) * | 2004-01-22 | 2005-11-01 | Fujikura Rubber Ltd | Air-spring vibration isolation device |
| CN201090656Y (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-07-23 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Air spring for automobile |
| JP2009197986A (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2009-09-03 | Bridgestone Corp | Air spring device |
| EP2180204A2 (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2010-04-28 | ContiTech Luftfedersysteme GmbH | Additional spring with slide |
| WO2011093807A1 (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2011-08-04 | Aktas Hava Suspansiyon Sistemleri Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi | Bottom plate with bumper, made of thermoplastic material, used at air suspension systems |
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| TW201328922A (en) | 2013-07-16 |
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