JP2009156330A - Air spring - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air spring having excellent cushion performance by a simple structure even when the internal pressure of a diaphragm becomes zero, and sufficiently absorbing displacement in the horizontal direction when the diaphragm blows out. <P>SOLUTION: A rubber stopper 18 provided with a cylindrical rubber member 18a having an upper face part fixed to a top face plate 11 and a spring constant smaller than that of lamination rubber 15 and with a ring-shaped sliding plate 18b mounted to the bottom face part of the cylindrical rubber member 18a is mounted to the bolsterless type air spring 10 having the lamination rubber 15 and the diaphragm 17. When the diaphragm 17 blows out, a vehicle body is supported by the lamination rubber 15 and the rubber stopper 18. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an air spring mounted, for example, between a vehicle body and a bogie of a railway vehicle, and in particular, a bolsterless type including a diaphragm in which air is enclosed and an emergency running laminated rubber. It relates to an air spring.

As an air spring mounted between the body of a railway vehicle and a bogie, etc., one having a diaphragm formed by enclosing air in a rubber bag is used, but among them, as shown in FIG. A laminated rubber 52 formed by alternately laminating ring-shaped iron plates 52a and cylindrical rubber members 52b is disposed on an upper part of an attachment member (lower surface plate) 51 on the cart side, and the upper end side of the laminated rubber 52 is supported. An air spring (bolsterless air spring) 50 having a configuration in which a diaphragm 55 is disposed between the intermediate member 53 and a mounting member (upper surface plate) 54 on the vehicle body side is often used.
The laminated rubber 52 is disposed in series with a diaphragm 55 which is an air spring, and is provided to elastically support the vehicle body and absorb horizontal displacement input to a cart (not shown). It is a relatively hard spring with a constant of about 1000 N / mm. For this reason, when the internal pressure of the diaphragm 55 becomes 0 due to puncture or the like, the spring constant of the laminated rubber 52 is high, so the cushioning property is poor, and not only the vibration of the carriage is directly transmitted to the vehicle body but also the high speed. There was also a risk of derailment when driving.
On the other hand, it is conceivable to lower the spring constant of the rubber member 52b of the laminated rubber 52 to soften the spring. However, if the spring is softened, the amount of flexure of the laminated rubber 52 increases, and input to the vehicle in the longitudinal and lateral directions As a result, the running stability of the laminated rubber 52 is lowered, and the durability of the laminated rubber 52 is lowered.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, an elastic stopper material 60 is provided on an intermediate material 53 that supports the upper end side of the laminated rubber 52, and the weight of the vehicle when the diaphragm 55 is punctured is compared with that of the elastic stopper material 60 and the above. A bolsterless air spring 50Z that is supported by the laminated rubber 52 has been proposed. Specifically, the elastic stopper material 60 is provided on the inner cylinder 61 and the outer cylinder 62, ring-shaped stopper rubbers 63 respectively bonded to the inner cylinder 61 and the outer cylinder 62, and the upper part of the inner cylinder 61. The flange member 64 protrudes from the intermediate member 53 to the upper surface plate 54, and the sliding plate 65 disposed on the upper surface of the flange member 64. The outer cylinder 62 is screwed to the intermediate member 53. Yes. It is assumed that the spring constant of the stopper rubber 63 is set to be smaller than the spring constant of the laminated rubber 52. As a result, when the diaphragm 55 is punctured and the upper surface plate 54 is lowered, the elastic stopper material 60 comes into contact with the upper surface plate 54 before the laminated rubber 52 to handle the load of the vehicle. Even if the spring constant of 52 remains as it is, good cushioning properties can be obtained (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2003-294073 A

  However, the conventional elastic stopper material 60 not only has a complicated structure, but the upper surface side and the lower surface side of the stopper rubber 63 are not restrained by the inner cylinder 61 or the outer cylinder 62, so the laminated rubber and the stopper The rubber 63 is not connected in series in the direction of rubber compression or extension. Therefore, when there is an input in the front / rear / left / right direction simultaneously with the load on the vehicle, the stopper rubber 63 undergoes shear deformation or torsional deformation. It was difficult to sufficiently absorb the displacement in the direction.

  The present invention has been made in view of the conventional problems. Even when the internal pressure of the diaphragm becomes 0 with a simple configuration, the present invention has good cushioning properties and sufficiently absorbs horizontal displacement during puncture. An object of the present invention is to provide an air spring that can be used.

The invention according to claim 1 of the present application is arranged between the upper plate attached to the vehicle body, the lower plate attached to the carriage, the laminated rubber having one end attached to the lower plate, and the upper plate and the lower plate. An air spring comprising an intermediate material that supports the upper end side of the laminated rubber, and a diaphragm that is disposed between the intermediate material and the upper surface plate and in which air is sealed in a rubber bag. A spring constant smaller than the spring constant of the laminated rubber, which is arranged coaxially with the laminated rubber, has an upper surface portion fixed to the upper surface plate, and a bottom surface portion attached to a ring-shaped sliding plate. A cylindrical rubber member is provided.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the upper surface portion of the cylindrical rubber member is attached to a ring-shaped or disk-shaped sliding plate, and the bottom surface portion is fixed to the upper surface plate.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the air spring according to the first or second aspect, the cylindrical rubber member is fixed to the upper surface portion or the bottom surface portion by vulcanization adhesion. .
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the air spring according to any one of the first to third aspects, a sliding member is provided on the surface of the sliding plate opposite to the rubber member.

According to the present invention, in a bolsterless type air spring provided with a laminated rubber and a diaphragm, the upper surface portion arranged coaxially with the laminated rubber is fixed to the upper surface plate, and the bottom surface portion is a ring-shaped slide. A cylindrical rubber member attached to a plate, or the cylindrical rubber member provided with the cylindrical rubber member having an upper surface portion attached to a ring-shaped sliding plate and a bottom surface portion fixed to the upper surface plate. The spring constant of the laminated rubber is smaller than the spring constant of the laminated rubber, so that it has a simple configuration and has a good cushioning property even when the internal pressure of the diaphragm becomes 0, and it can sufficiently prevent horizontal displacement during puncture. Can be absorbed.
At this time, if the cylindrical rubber member is fixed to the upper surface portion or the bottom surface portion by vulcanization adhesion, the cylindrical rubber member can be reliably fixed to the upper surface portion or the bottom surface portion.
Further, if a sliding material is provided on the surface of the sliding plate opposite to the rubber member, the rubber member can be smoothly deformed in response to horizontal input.

Hereinafter, the best mode of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a view showing a bolsterless air spring 10 for a railway vehicle according to the best mode. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 11 denotes a top plate attached to a vehicle body, and a central portion thereof is sealed to the outer peripheral side. An upper vent pipe 12 to which an O-ring 12r is attached is provided. Reference numeral 13 denotes a bottom plate attached to the carriage, and a lower ventilation pipe 14 having a sealing O-ring 14r attached to the outer peripheral side is provided at the center of the bottom board 13. The upper vent pipe 12 is connected to an auxiliary tank that stores compressed air sealed in a diaphragm 17 described later.
15 is a laminated rubber formed by alternately laminating ring-shaped iron plates 15 a and cylindrical rubber members 15 b, and the upper end side thereof is a ring-shaped intermediate material disposed between the upper surface plate 11 and the lower surface plate 13. The lower end side is attached to the lower surface plate 13.
Reference numeral 17 denotes a diaphragm which is disposed between the intermediate member 16 and the upper surface plate 11 and encloses air in a rubber bag body. In this example, a rubber stopper 18 is provided inside the diaphragm 17. Even when the internal pressure of the diaphragm becomes 0 due to installation and puncture or the like, the rubber stopper 18 and the laminated rubber 15 realize good cushioning properties. Reference numeral 19 in the figure denotes a Teflon facing sliding plate disposed on the upper surface of the intermediate member 16 so as to face the rubber stopper 18.

Specifically, the rubber stopper 18 has a spring constant smaller than the spring constant of the laminated rubber 15, and the upper surface side of the cylindrical rubber member 18 a whose inner diameter on the upper surface side is smaller than the inner diameter on the bottom surface side is the upper surface plate. The cylindrical rubber member 18a is arranged coaxially with the laminated rubber 15 by being fixed to the rubber plate 11 by vulcanization and attached with a ring-shaped sliding plate 18b on the bottom surface. The sliding plate 18b is disposed at a predetermined distance from the intermediate member 16 that supports the upper surface side of the laminated rubber 15. Therefore, when the air sealed in the diaphragm 17 is maintained at a predetermined pressure, the rubber stopper 18 is not loaded with the load of the vehicle body.
In this example, the sliding plate 18b is made of metal, and a sliding member 18c made of resin such as Teflon (registered trademark) is attached to the intermediate member 16 side of the sliding plate 18b, but the sliding plate 18b itself May be made of a sliding material.

Next, the operation of the bolsterless air spring 10 according to the best mode will be described.
In a state where the air sealed in the diaphragm 17 is maintained at a predetermined pressure, the vertical and horizontal vibrations input from the carriage side are transmitted to the diaphragm 17 via the lower surface plate 13 and the laminated rubber 15. . Since this vibration is absorbed by the elastic deformation of the diaphragm 17 which is an air spring, the vibration transmitted to the vehicle body connected to the top plate 11 can be greatly reduced.
On the other hand, when the diaphragm 17 is punctured, the upper surface plate 11 is lowered. In this example, since the rubber stopper 18 is attached to the upper surface plate 11, the sliding plate 18 b of the rubber stopper 18 contacts the intermediate member 16 when the upper surface plate 11 is lowered. Specifically, the sliding member 18 c provided on the intermediate member 16 side of the sliding plate 18 b comes into contact with the opposing sliding plate 19 provided on the surface of the intermediate member 16. In this example, the laminated rubber 15 and the rubber stopper 18 are coupled in series with respect to the direction of compression or extension of the rubber, and the cylindrical rubber member 18a that bears the load of the vehicle together with the laminated rubber 15 is used. Since the spring constant is smaller than the spring constant of the laminated rubber 15, the spring constant of the support spring composed of the laminated rubber 15 and the rubber stopper 18 is smaller than that of the laminated rubber 15 alone. Therefore, the cushioning property when the diaphragm 17 is punctured can be greatly improved.
Further, even when excessive horizontal vibration is input at the time of puncturing, the sliding member 18c and the opposed sliding plate 19 slide, and the cylindrical rubber member 18a can be easily sheared and deformed. Therefore, the horizontal vibration can be reliably absorbed.
Moreover, in this example, since the upper surface side which is the surface opposite to the sliding side of the cylindrical rubber member 18a is fixed to the upper surface plate 11 by vulcanization adhesion, other fixing methods such as screwing are used. In comparison, the cylindrical rubber member 18a can be reliably sheared and deformed.

As described above, according to the best mode, the bolsterless air spring 10 including the laminated rubber 15 and the diaphragm 17 has a top surface fixed to the top plate 11 and a spring smaller than the spring constant of the laminated rubber 15. A rubber stopper 18 having a cylindrical rubber member 18a having a constant and a ring-shaped sliding plate 18b attached to the bottom surface portion of the cylindrical rubber member 18a is attached, and when the diaphragm 17 is punctured, the above-mentioned lamination is performed. Since the vehicle body is supported by the rubber 15 and the rubber stopper 18, a good cushioning property can be obtained with a simple configuration, and horizontal displacement can be sufficiently absorbed.
Further, since the upper surface side of the cylindrical rubber member 18a is fixed to the upper surface plate 11 by vulcanization adhesion, and the sliding member 18c is attached to the sliding plate 18b, the cylindrical rubber member 18a is easily sheared and deformed. Therefore, the horizontal vibration can be reliably absorbed.

In the best mode, the upper surface side of the cylindrical rubber member 18a is fixed to the upper surface plate 11 by vulcanization adhesion, and the ring-shaped sliding plate 18b is attached to the bottom surface portion. As shown, the lower surface side of the cylindrical rubber member 18a may be fixed to the intermediate member 16 by vulcanization adhesion, and a ring-shaped sliding plate 18b may be attached to the upper surface portion. In the air spring 10Z having such a configuration, if the sliding member 18c is attached to the upper surface side of the sliding plate 18b and the opposing sliding plate 19z is attached to the lower side of the upper surface plate 11, the bolsterless air spring 10 and Similar effects can be obtained.
The rubber member 18a may have a straight cylindrical shape, but it is preferable that the inner diameter on the upper surface side is smaller than the inner diameter on the bottom surface side as in this example because horizontal displacement can be absorbed more.

  As described above, according to the present invention, air that has a simple configuration and has a good cushioning property and can sufficiently absorb horizontal displacement during puncture even when the internal pressure of the diaphragm becomes zero. Since the spring can be provided, the running stability and durability of the railway vehicle can be improved.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the bolsterless air spring which concerns on the best form of this invention. It is a figure which shows the other structure of the bolsterless air spring by this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the conventional bolsterless air spring. It is a figure which shows the structure of the bolsterless air spring provided with the elastic stopper material.

Explanation of symbols

10 Bolsterless Air Spring, 11 Upper Plate, 12 Upper Vent Pipe, 12r O-ring, 13 Lower Plate, 14 Lower Vent Pipe, 14r O-ring, 15 Laminated Rubber, 15a Iron Plate, 15b Rubber Member, 16 Intermediate Material, 17 Diaphragm, 18 Rubber stopper,
18a Cylindrical rubber member, 18b sliding plate, 18c sliding material, 19 counter sliding plate.

Claims (4)

  A top plate attached to the vehicle body side, a bottom plate attached to the carriage, a laminated rubber having one end attached to the bottom plate, and an intermediate between the top plate and the bottom plate and supporting the top side of the laminated rubber An air spring comprising a material and a diaphragm formed by sealing air into a rubber bag disposed between the intermediate material and the upper surface plate, is disposed coaxially with the laminated rubber. And a cylindrical rubber member having a spring constant smaller than that of the laminated rubber, the upper surface portion of which is fixed to the upper surface plate and the bottom surface portion of which is attached to a ring-shaped sliding plate. Features air spring.   A top plate attached to the vehicle body side, a bottom plate attached to the carriage, a laminated rubber having one end attached to the bottom plate, and an intermediate between the top plate and the bottom plate and supporting the top side of the laminated rubber An air spring comprising a material and a diaphragm formed by sealing air into a rubber bag disposed between the intermediate material and the upper surface plate, is disposed coaxially with the laminated rubber. And a cylindrical rubber member having a bottom surface portion fixed to the intermediate article and an upper surface portion attached to a ring-shaped sliding plate and having a smaller spring constant than the laminated rubber. Spring.   The air spring according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cylindrical rubber member is fixed to an upper surface portion or a bottom surface portion by vulcanization adhesion.   The air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a sliding member is provided on a surface of the sliding plate opposite to the rubber member.

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