JP6401852B2 - Bulk density adjusting material - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、かさ密度調整材に関する。 The present invention relates to a bulk density adjusting material.
従来、中間貯蔵や廃棄等の処理をすべき土壌に改質材を添加することにより、土壌を減容化したり、流動性を低減させたりして取扱いを容易にすることが行われている。例えば特許文献１には、瓦礫等の異物を含む高含水土壌に改質材を添加することで篩い分けが良好となり、異物を効率よく分離できることが開示されている。 Conventionally, by adding a modifying material to soil to be treated such as intermediate storage or disposal, the soil is reduced in volume or fluidity is reduced to facilitate handling. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses that by adding a modifier to a highly water-containing soil containing foreign matter such as rubble, sieving is improved and foreign matter can be separated efficiently.
しかしながら、処理の目的や処理すべき土壌の性状は様々であるため、従来の改質材は汎用性に乏しく、必ずしも所望の効果を奏することができない場合があった。 However, since the purpose of the treatment and the properties of the soil to be treated are various, conventional modifiers have poor versatility and may not always have the desired effect.
そこで本発明は、土壌処理の汎用性を備えたかさ密度調整材、及び、かさ密度調整方法を提供することを目的とする。 Then, an object of this invention is to provide the bulk density adjustment material provided with the versatility of soil treatment, and a bulk density adjustment method.
本発明者らは、処理すべき土壌の性状としてかさ密度に着目し、本発明を完成するに到った。本発明は、吸水性樹脂と、吸水性樹脂以外の高分子化合物と、かさ増し材と、を含む、かさ密度調整材を提供する。 The present inventors have paid attention to the bulk density as the properties of the soil to be treated, and have completed the present invention. The present invention provides a bulk density adjusting material comprising a water absorbent resin, a polymer compound other than the water absorbent resin, and a bulk increasing material.
このかさ密度調整材を土壌に添加して混合すると、吸水性樹脂及び高分子化合物が土壌中の水を吸収して膨潤し、土壌のかさ密度を低減させ、更には土壌を団粒化させる。これにより、処理後の土壌の取り扱いが容易となる。本発明のかさ密度調整材は、様々な土壌に適用可能な汎用性を備えている。 When this bulk density adjusting material is added to the soil and mixed, the water-absorbent resin and the polymer compound swell by absorbing water in the soil, thereby reducing the bulk density of the soil and further aggregating the soil. Thereby, handling of the soil after a process becomes easy. The bulk density adjusting material of the present invention has versatility applicable to various soils.
このかさ密度調整材は、吸水性樹脂１００質量部に対し、高分子化合物を０．１〜５０質量部、かさ増し材を１０〜１５０００質量部含むことが好ましい。この配合比であると、土壌のかさ密度が一層低減される。 This bulk density adjusting material preferably contains 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of the polymer compound and 10 to 15000 parts by mass of the bulking material with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water absorbent resin. With this blending ratio, the bulk density of the soil is further reduced.
かさ増し材のｐＨは４〜１０であることが好ましい。これによれば、吸水性樹脂の吸水性能が発揮されやすい。また、ｐＨが２〜３である酸性処理原土を処理対象としてかさ増し材のｐＨが１０〜１２であってもよく、ｐＨが１０〜１２であるアルカリ性処理原土を処理対象としてかさ増し材のｐＨが２〜３であってもよい。これらによれば、処理すべき土壌が酸性又はアルカリ性である場合にも、処理後の土壌のｐＨを中性付近に合わせることができるので、処理の都合がよい。 The bulking material preferably has a pH of 4-10. According to this, the water absorption performance of the water absorbent resin is easily exhibited. Moreover, the pH of the bulk-increasing material may be 10 to 12 for the acid-treated raw soil having a pH of 2 to 3, and the bulk-increasing material to be the alkaline-treated raw material having a pH of 10 to 12 The pH may be 2 to 3. According to these, even when the soil to be treated is acidic or alkaline, the pH of the soil after the treatment can be adjusted to the vicinity of neutrality, so that the treatment is convenient.
また、かさ増し材は、グリーンタフを含むことが好ましい。そして、このとき吸水性樹脂１００質量部に対し、高分子化合物を０．１〜５０質量部、かさ増し材を５００〜１５０００質量部含むことが好ましい。これによれば、高分子成分（吸水性樹脂と高分子化合物）の相対的な配合比を低くすることができるので、高分子成分が吸水後の年月の経過にしたがって分解して土壌がかさ密度調整前の状態に戻ってしまうという懸念が抑えられる。 Moreover, it is preferable that a bulk increaser contains a green tough. And it is preferable that 0.1-50 mass parts of high molecular compounds and 500-15000 mass parts of bulk increasing materials are included with respect to 100 mass parts of water absorbing resin at this time. According to this, since the relative blending ratio of the polymer component (the water-absorbent resin and the polymer compound) can be lowered, the polymer component decomposes with the passage of time after water absorption and the soil becomes bulky. Concerns about returning to the state before density adjustment can be suppressed.
また、本発明は、対象土壌の性状を事前評価し、事前評価の結果に基づいて上記かさ密度調整材の配合及び添加量を決定し、対象土壌にかさ密度調整材を添加して混合する、かさ密度調整方法を提供する。 Further, the present invention pre-evaluates the properties of the target soil, determines the blending and addition amount of the bulk density adjusting material based on the results of the preliminary evaluation, and adds and mixes the bulk density adjusting material to the target soil, A method for adjusting bulk density is provided.
ここで、かさ密度調整材を添加して混合した後の対象土壌の性状が所望の性状になっているか否かを確認することが好ましい。 Here, it is preferable to confirm whether or not the properties of the target soil after adding and mixing the bulk density adjusting material are the desired properties.
また、かさ密度調整材の添加量は、対象土壌１ｍ３当たり５０ｋｇ以下であることが好ましい。添加量を少なくするほうが、処理後の土壌の容量を抑制することができる。 The amount of bulk density adjusting material is preferably less target soil 1 m 3 per 50 kg. The volume of the soil after a process can be suppressed by reducing the addition amount.
このかさ密度調整方法では、対象土壌は、含水率が１０〜９０％であってもよく、対象土壌は、放射性物質を含んでいてもよい。また、対象土壌は、津波堆積物の場合、津波堆積物の塩化物イオン濃度が３１５０〜５０４０ｍｇ／Ｌであってもよい。また、対象土壌は、農耕地の土壌、浚渫土、又はシールド掘削土であってもよい。こうした土壌であっても、本発明は適用可能である。 In this bulk density adjustment method, the target soil may have a moisture content of 10 to 90%, and the target soil may contain a radioactive substance. Further, in the case where the target soil is a tsunami deposit, the chloride ion concentration of the tsunami deposit may be 3150 to 5040 mg / L. The target soil may be farmland soil, dredged soil, or shield excavated soil. The present invention is applicable even to such soil.
本発明によれば、土壌処理の汎用性を備えたかさ密度調整材、及び、かさ密度調整方法を提供することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the bulk density adjustment material provided with the versatility of soil treatment and the bulk density adjustment method can be provided.
以下、本発明の好適な実施形態について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
（かさ密度調整材）
本実施形態のかさ密度調整材は、吸水性樹脂と、吸水性樹脂以外の高分子化合物と、かさ増し材とが均一に混合されて成っている。
(Bulk density adjusting material)
The bulk density adjusting material of this embodiment is formed by uniformly mixing a water absorbent resin, a polymer compound other than the water absorbent resin, and a bulk increasing material.
吸水性樹脂は、水と接触することで吸水し、膨潤する性質を有する樹脂である。吸水性樹脂としては、デンプン系、セルロース系、ポリビニルアルコール系、アクリル系等の樹脂が挙げられる。 The water-absorbing resin is a resin that has the property of absorbing water and swelling when in contact with water. Examples of the water absorbent resin include starch, cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and acrylic resins.
吸水性樹脂は、対象土壌との混合のしやすさの観点から、粒状であることが好ましい。粒径は、篩い分け法で測定したときに、その９０％以上が１５０〜７１０μｍの範囲内にあることが好ましい。 The water-absorbent resin is preferably granular from the viewpoint of ease of mixing with the target soil. When the particle size is measured by a sieving method, 90% or more of the particle size is preferably in the range of 150 to 710 μm.
高分子化合物は、対象土壌の土粒子表面に作用して土粒子同士を結合する化合物である。高分子化合物としては、有機高分子化合物が好ましく、例えばポリアクリルアミド系化合物等が挙げられる。対象土壌の帯電の状況に応じて、アニオン系又はノニオン系の高分子化合物を使い分けることが好ましい。 The polymer compound is a compound that acts on the surface of the soil particles of the target soil and bonds the soil particles together. As the polymer compound, an organic polymer compound is preferable, and examples thereof include polyacrylamide compounds. It is preferable to use different anionic or nonionic polymer compounds depending on the charging conditions of the target soil.
高分子化合物は、対象土壌との混合のしやすさの観点から、粉末状又は液体であることが好ましい。 The polymer compound is preferably in the form of powder or liquid from the viewpoint of ease of mixing with the target soil.
高分子化合物の配合量は、吸水性樹脂１００質量部に対し、０．１〜５０質量部が好ましく、１〜４０質量部がより好ましく、５〜２０質量部が更に好ましい。この配合比であると、かさ密度調整材を混合した対象土壌のかさ密度を一層低減させることができる。 0.1-50 mass parts is preferable with respect to 100 mass parts of water absorbing resins, as for the compounding quantity of a high molecular compound, 1-40 mass parts is more preferable, and 5-20 mass parts is still more preferable. If it is this blending ratio, the bulk density of the target soil mixed with the bulk density adjusting material can be further reduced.
かさ増し材は、対象土壌と吸水性樹脂及び高分子化合物とを均質に混合しやすいように、かさ密度調整材全体のかさを増やす材料である。吸水性樹脂及び高分子化合物は、添加対象である対象土壌の容量に対して量が少ない。このため、対象土壌と混合しにくいうえ、これらが添加時に一部に大量にあると撹拌機に固着し、そこで粘性を発揮して益々混合しにくくなる場合がある。ここでかさ増し材を使用すると、かさ増し材が吸水性樹脂及び高分子化合物が均一に分散する媒体を提供することとなるので、対象土壌とかさ密度調整材とが容易に均一に混合されやすくなる。 The bulk increasing material is a material that increases the bulk of the entire bulk density adjusting material so that the target soil, the water-absorbing resin, and the polymer compound can be easily mixed homogeneously. The amount of the water-absorbent resin and the polymer compound is small relative to the volume of the target soil to be added. For this reason, it is difficult to mix with the target soil, and if these are partly added in large amounts, they may stick to the stirrer, exhibit viscosity there, and become more difficult to mix. When the bulk increasing material is used here, the bulk increasing material provides a medium in which the water-absorbing resin and the polymer compound are uniformly dispersed, so that the target soil and the bulk density adjusting material are easily and uniformly mixed. .
かさ増し材としては、ゼオライト、炭酸カルシウム、石膏、ペーパースラッジ、ベントナイト、酸化マグネシウム等が挙げられる。これらは一種類を単独で配合してもよいし、二種類以上を併用してもよい。また、かさ増し材として、対象土壌自体を使用することもできる。 Examples of the bulking material include zeolite, calcium carbonate, gypsum, paper sludge, bentonite, and magnesium oxide. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, target soil itself can also be used as a bulk increasing material.
かさ増し材としては、グリーンタフも有用である。ここでグリーンタフとはモンモリロナイト含有量が低いベントナイトをいい、その含有量がベントナイト全体に対して質量基準で５０％以下であることが好ましく、３０％であってもよく、２０％以下であってもよい。含有量の下限としては、１％、５％、１０％等が挙げられる。 Green tough is also useful as a bulking material. Here, the green tough refers to bentonite having a low montmorillonite content, and the content is preferably 50% or less on a mass basis with respect to the entire bentonite, and may be 30% or 20% or less. Also good. As a minimum of content, 1%, 5%, 10%, etc. are mentioned.
かさ増し材としては、専らかさを増やすために用いられる無機母材と、専らｐＨ調整材としての働きを有するものとがある。無機母材は、金属塩や鉱物等の無機物であり、粉末状又は粒状であることが好ましい。ｐＨ調整機能を有するかさ増し材としては、ゼオライトや、硫酸第一鉄等の金属塩が挙げられる。ｐＨ調整機能を有するかさ増し材は、使用してもよく、使用しなくてもよい。使用する場合は、かさ増し材構成の５０％以下であることが好ましい。 As the bulk increasing material, there are an inorganic base material used exclusively for increasing the bulk and a material having a function as a pH adjusting material exclusively. The inorganic base material is an inorganic material such as a metal salt or a mineral, and is preferably in the form of powder or granules. Examples of the bulking material having a pH adjusting function include zeolite and metal salts such as ferrous sulfate. The bulking material having a pH adjusting function may or may not be used. When using, it is preferable that it is 50% or less of the bulk increasing material composition.
かさ密度調整材を添加する前の対象土壌のｐＨ値、又は、かさ密度調整材を添加・混合した後の対象土壌のｐＨ目標値に応じて、かさ増し材のｐＨを選択することが好ましい。また、吸水性樹脂は周囲のｐＨが４〜１０の範囲を外れると吸水性能が劣るため、対象土壌のｐＨは、かさ密度調整材を添加する前後で中性付近であることが好ましい。ここで、かさ増し材のｐＨとは、ＭＳＤＳ記載のｐＨ、又は、ＪＩＳ５１０１−１７−２ 顔料試験方法 ｐＨ値−第２節：常温抽出法によって質量分率１０％懸濁液を調製し、振盪、静置させた上澄み液を０．１の単位で測定して得られるｐＨをいう。 It is preferable to select the pH of the bulk increasing material according to the pH value of the target soil before adding the bulk density adjusting material or the target pH value of the target soil after adding / mixing the bulk density adjusting material. Moreover, since water absorption performance will be inferior if water absorption resin remove | deviates surrounding pH from the range of 4-10, it is preferable that pH of object soil is neutrality before and after adding a bulk density adjusting material. Here, the pH of the bulk-increasing material is the pH described in MSDS, or JIS5101-17-2 Pigment test method pH value-Section 2: A 10% mass fraction suspension is prepared by a normal temperature extraction method, and shaken. The pH obtained by measuring the supernatant liquid after standing in units of 0.1.
上記観点から、かさ密度調整材の組成の大部分を占めうるかさ増し材のｐＨは、４〜１０であることが好ましい。また、対象土壌がｐＨが２〜３である酸性処理原土である場合は、かさ増し材のｐＨは１０〜１２であることが好ましい。反対に、対象土壌がｐＨが１０〜１２であるアルカリ性処理原土である場合は、かさ増し材のｐＨは２〜３であることが好ましい。かさ増し材として、アルカリ性の高い材料である生石灰等を多く用いた場合はｐＨを高くすることができるので、生石灰等を他のかさ増し材と併用することで、アルカリ性度を高い方へ調整することができる。 From the above viewpoint, the pH of the bulk increasing material that can occupy most of the composition of the bulk density adjusting material is preferably 4 to 10. Moreover, when the object soil is an acid-treated raw soil having a pH of 2 to 3, the bulk-increasing material preferably has a pH of 10 to 12. On the contrary, when the target soil is an alkaline treated raw soil having a pH of 10 to 12, it is preferable that the bulking material has a pH of 2 to 3. When using a lot of quick lime, which is a highly alkaline material, as the bulking material, the pH can be increased, so by using quick lime in combination with other bulking materials, the alkalinity is adjusted to a higher level. be able to.
また、ｐＨ調整機能を有するかさ増し材を適宜使用することで、対象土壌のｐＨ調整を様々に行うことができる。ｐＨが極端に高い（１０を超える）場合又は極端に低い（４未満）場合であっても、本実施形態のかさ密度調整材を適用可能とすることができる。 Moreover, pH adjustment of object soil can be variously performed by using the bulking material which has a pH adjustment function suitably. Even when the pH is extremely high (greater than 10) or extremely low (less than 4), the bulk density adjusting material of the present embodiment can be applied.
また、ゼオライトは、放射性セシウム等の放射性物質を吸着する観点からも好ましい。 Zeolite is also preferable from the viewpoint of adsorbing radioactive substances such as radioactive cesium.
かさ増し材の配合量は、吸水性樹脂１００質量部に対し、１０〜１５０００質量部が好ましく、１００〜１００００質量部がより好ましく、５００〜２０００質量部が更に好ましい。この配合比であると、かさ密度調整材を混合した対象土壌のかさ密度を一層低減させることができる。 The blending amount of the bulking material is preferably 10 to 15000 parts by mass, more preferably 100 to 10000 parts by mass, and still more preferably 500 to 2000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water absorbent resin. If it is this blending ratio, the bulk density of the target soil mixed with the bulk density adjusting material can be further reduced.
かさ増し材としてグリーンタフを含有する場合、かさ増し材の配合量は吸水性樹脂１００質量部に対し、５００〜１５０００質量部が好ましく、１０００〜１００００質量部がより好ましく、２０００〜８０００質量部が更に好ましい。このとき、かさ増し材は、その９０〜１００％（質量比）がグリーンタフで占められていることが好ましく、９５〜１００％（質量比）がグリーンタフで占められていることがより好ましい。これらの配合量によれば、高分子成分（吸水性樹脂と高分子化合物）の相対的な配合比を低くすることができるので、高分子成分が吸水後の年月の経過にしたがって分解して土壌がかさ密度調整前の状態に戻ってしまうという懸念が抑えられる。また、通常のベントナイトは吸水性が高く、配合量が多すぎると却ってかさ密度が高くなる（いわゆるリバウンド）場合があるが、これと比較してグリーンタフは吸水性がやや劣るので、リバウンドが生じる虞を小さくすることができる。更に、高分子成分の相対的な配合比を低くすることができることで、かさ密度調整後の土壌に強度を持たせることができ、転圧等することで盛土として再利用することができる。 When green tough is contained as the bulking material, the blending amount of the bulking material is preferably 500 to 15000 parts by weight, more preferably 1000 to 10,000 parts by weight, and more preferably 2000 to 8000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the water absorbent resin. Further preferred. At this time, 90-100% (mass ratio) of the bulk increasing material is preferably occupied by green tough, and more preferably 95-100% (mass ratio) is occupied by green tough. According to these blending amounts, the relative blending ratio of the polymer component (the water-absorbing resin and the polymer compound) can be lowered, so that the polymer component decomposes with the passage of time after water absorption. The concern that the soil will return to the state before the bulk density adjustment is suppressed. In addition, normal bentonite has high water absorption, and if the amount is too large, the bulk density may be rather high (so-called rebound). However, green tough is slightly inferior in water absorption, so rebound occurs. The fear can be reduced. Furthermore, since the relative blending ratio of the polymer components can be lowered, the soil after the bulk density adjustment can be given strength, and can be reused as banking by rolling or the like.
また、かさ増し材としてグリーンタフを含有する場合は、かさ密度調整材の吸水性樹脂、高分子化合物及びグリーンタフの三成分の配合比率を百分率で表した場合に、質量基準で吸水性樹脂５〜２０％、高分子化合物１〜２％、グリーンタフ７８〜９４％で構成されることが好ましい。 Further, when green tough is included as the bulk increasing material, the water absorbing resin 5 on a mass basis is expressed when the blending ratio of the three components of the water absorbing resin of the bulk density adjusting material, the polymer compound and the green tough is expressed in percentage. It is preferably composed of ˜20%, polymer compound 1˜2%, and green tough 78˜94%.
かさ密度調整材は、対象土壌の性状を測定した後、対象土壌に添加する直前に配合及び添加量が決定され、吸水性樹脂、高分子化合物及びかさ増し材が互いに混合されて均一に調製されることが好ましい。 The bulk density adjusting material is prepared uniformly after the properties of the target soil are measured and immediately before being added to the target soil, and the amount and amount added are determined, and the water absorbent resin, the polymer compound and the bulk increasing material are mixed with each other. It is preferable.
（かさ密度調整方法）
本実施形態のかさ密度調整材の適用対象である土壌としては、津波堆積物、農耕地の土壌、浚渫土、シールド掘削土等が挙げられる。例えば、津波堆積物や農耕地の土壌では、土壌の減容化に鑑み、草木根等の異物を分別するために効率的な篩い分けができることが望まれている。また、浚渫土では、ダンプカー等で運搬しやすくするために、土壌の流動性を低減することが望まれている。本実施形態のかさ密度調整材によって対象土壌のかさ密度を低減させることができると、上記目的を達成することができる。
(Bulk density adjustment method)
Examples of the soil to which the bulk density adjusting material of the present embodiment is applied include tsunami deposits, farmland soil, dredged soil, shield excavated soil, and the like. For example, in the case of tsunami deposits and soil of agricultural land, it is desired that efficient sieving can be performed in order to separate foreign matter such as plant roots in view of volume reduction of the soil. In dredged soil, it is desired to reduce the fluidity of the soil in order to facilitate transportation with a dump truck or the like. If the bulk density of the target soil can be reduced by the bulk density adjusting material of the present embodiment, the above object can be achieved.
対象土壌は、海水や肥料に由来する無機イオンを多量に含んでいてもよい。一般に、津波堆積物の塩分濃度が０．３〜０．８％（つまり３０００〜８０００ｍｇ／Ｌ）であること、及び、海水の塩分濃度が３．４％（３４０００ｍｇ／Ｌ）でこのうち塩化物イオン濃度が１．８９％（１８９８０ｍｇ／Ｌ）であることから、津波堆積物を処理対象とする場合は塩化物イオン濃度が３１５０〜５０４０ｍｇ／Ｌ程度であってもよい。なお、上記数値は、土壌：水＝１（乾土ベース）：５で溶出させた液体中の濃度である。 The target soil may contain a large amount of inorganic ions derived from seawater or fertilizer. Generally, the salt concentration of the tsunami deposit is 0.3 to 0.8% (that is, 3000 to 8000 mg / L), and the salt concentration of seawater is 3.4% (34000 mg / L). Since the ion concentration is 1.89% (18980 mg / L), the chloride ion concentration may be about 3150 to 5040 mg / L when a tsunami deposit is to be treated. In addition, the said numerical value is the density | concentration in the liquid eluted by soil: water = 1 (dry soil base): 5.
更に、対象土壌は、放射性物質を含んでいてもよい。対象土壌がこれらを含んでいた場合でも、本実施形態のかさ密度調整材の作用は妨げられない。 Furthermore, the target soil may contain a radioactive substance. Even when the target soil contains these, the action of the bulk density adjusting material of the present embodiment is not hindered.
対象土壌は、含水率が１０〜９０％であることが好ましい。細粒分（φ０．０７５ｍｍ）の含有率は、２０〜３０％、３０〜５０％、５０〜６０％、６０〜７０％等、特に限定されることなく適用できる。 The target soil preferably has a moisture content of 10 to 90%. The content of fine particles (φ0.075 mm) can be applied without particular limitation, such as 20-30%, 30-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, and the like.
本実施形態のかさ密度調整材を用いたかさ密度調整方法としては、はじめに、目視等で対象土壌の含水状態や団粒の大きさを測り、かさ密度調整材を添加する必要があるか否かを判断する。例えば、細粒分（φ０．０７５ｍｍ）の含有率が、５０〜６０％、又は６０〜７０％の土壌である場合は、その外観性状から、かさ密度が１.０ｇ／ｃｍ３を超えている場合は団粒が大きく、かさ密度の調整が必要であると判断することができる。 As a bulk density adjusting method using the bulk density adjusting material of the present embodiment, first, whether or not it is necessary to add a bulk density adjusting material by measuring the moisture content of the target soil and the size of the aggregate by visual observation or the like. Judging. For example, when the content of fine particles (φ0.075 mm) is 50-60% or 60-70% soil, the bulk density exceeds 1.0 g / cm 3 due to its appearance properties. In this case, it can be determined that the aggregate is large and the bulk density needs to be adjusted.
ここでは、対象土壌の改質目標とするべきかさ密度を推定する。かさ密度が低減すると、団粒粒径も小さくなる傾向があり、土壌が異物の分別や土壌の運搬に適した性状となる。かさ密度低減の目標値としては、例えば１.０ｇ／ｃｍ３以下、１．１ｇ／ｃｍ３以下、１．２ｇ／ｃｍ３以下が挙げられる。かさ密度の目標値は、処理後の土壌の篩い分けや搬送の必要性に応じて、適宜設定する。 Here, the bulk density that should be used as the target for modification of the target soil is estimated. When the bulk density is reduced, the aggregate particle size also tends to be small, and the soil is suitable for the separation of foreign substances and the transportation of the soil. Examples of the target value for bulk density reduction include 1.0 g / cm 3 or less, 1.1 g / cm 3 or less, and 1.2 g / cm 3 or less. The target value of the bulk density is appropriately set according to the necessity of sieving and transporting the soil after the treatment.
次に、かさ密度調整材を添加する必要があると判断された対象土壌の性状を事前評価する。評価項目としては、例えば、含水率、かさ密度、土壌のｐＨ、が挙げられる。含水率は、加熱乾燥式水分計やオーブンや電子レンジを用いて現場で測定することができる。かさ密度は、容量が分かっている容器に対象土壌を入れ、軽く数回振動を与えて重量を測り、土壌の重量を容量で除すことによって求めることができる。土壌のｐＨは、土懸濁液のｐＨ試験方法（ＪＧＳ ０２１１−２０００）によって測定することができる。ここで、かさ密度調整材による対象土壌の処理後の団粒粒径、かさ密度、及びｐＨの目標値を決定する。 Next, the property of the target soil judged that it is necessary to add a bulk density adjusting material is evaluated in advance. Examples of the evaluation items include water content, bulk density, and soil pH. The moisture content can be measured on site using a heat-drying moisture meter, an oven, or a microwave oven. The bulk density can be obtained by placing the target soil in a container of which capacity is known, measuring the weight by gently applying vibration several times, and dividing the weight of the soil by the capacity. The pH of the soil can be measured by the soil suspension pH test method (JGS 0211-2000). Here, the target value of the aggregate particle diameter, the bulk density, and the pH after the treatment of the target soil with the bulk density adjusting material is determined.
対象土壌から異物を取り除く必要がある場合は、団粒粒径の目標値は、当該異物の長軸方向の平均長さの１０分の１から３分の１の長さを目標とすることが好ましい。団粒粒径が異物よりもこの程度にまで小さくなると、異物から土壌が剥がれ落ちやすく、異物を容易に分別することができる。団粒粒径の目標値は、使用する篩の目の半分程度以下の大きさとすることもできる。ここで、団粒粒径とは、目視で最頻近傍の団粒についてメジャーで測定した値をいう。 When it is necessary to remove foreign matter from the target soil, the target value of the aggregate particle size may be targeted to a length that is 1/10 to 1/3 of the average length of the foreign matter in the long axis direction. preferable. When the aggregate particle size is smaller than that of the foreign matter, the soil is easily peeled off from the foreign matter, and the foreign matter can be easily separated. The target value of the aggregate particle size may be about half or less of the sieve mesh used. Here, the aggregate particle diameter refers to a value measured with a major measure for aggregates in the vicinity of the mode.
事前評価で得られた値に基づき、かさ密度調整材の配合及び添加量を決定する。配合については、例えば、土壌のｐＨから、かさ増し材の具体的な成分を決定する。また、その各々の理論配合量を決定する。添加量については、対象土壌１ｍ３当たり１０ｋｇを想定して理論配合量を決定しているが、対象土壌の特性や混合撹拌機の特性によって効果に良し悪しが発生するので、実際に混合撹拌した結果を見て、添加量を増やす方向で調整する。ここで、かさ密度調整材の添加量は、対象土壌１ｍ３当たり３０ｋｇ以下とすることが好ましく、２０ｋｇ以下とすることがより好ましく、５〜１５ｋｇとすることが更に好ましい。添加量を少なくするほうが、処理後の土壌の容量を抑制することができる。 Based on the value obtained in the preliminary evaluation, the composition and the addition amount of the bulk density adjusting material are determined. For blending, for example, the specific components of the bulking material are determined from the pH of the soil. Moreover, the theoretical compounding quantity of each is determined. As for the amount added, the theoretical blending amount is determined assuming 10 kg per 1 m 3 of the target soil, but the effect is good or bad depending on the characteristics of the target soil and the characteristics of the mixing agitator. Look at the results and adjust in the direction to increase the amount added. Here, the addition amount of the bulk density adjusting material is preferably 30 kg or less per 1 m 3 of the target soil, more preferably 20 kg or less, and further preferably 5 to 15 kg. The volume of the soil after a process can be suppressed by reducing the addition amount.
次に、対象土壌にかさ密度調整材を添加して混合する。決定された配合及び添加量に基づき、吸水性樹脂、高分子化合物及びかさ増し材を混合してかさ密度調整材を調製する。このとき、かさ増し材が吸水性樹脂及び高分子化合物の分散媒体となってこれらが均一に分散するまで混合する。そして、均一混合されたかさ密度調整材を対象土壌と混合する。かさ密度調整材と対象土壌との混合には、バックホウや二軸混合機等を用いることができる。かさ密度調整材と対象土壌との混合過程において、吸水性樹脂及び高分子化合物が、対象土壌中の水を吸収して膨張しみかけ含水率を低減させるとともに、土壌表面に架橋を形成し団粒化を促進し、団粒周囲に空気層ができることで対象土壌のかさ密度が低減する。 Next, a bulk density adjusting material is added to the target soil and mixed. Based on the determined blending and addition amount, a water-absorbent resin, a polymer compound and a bulk increasing material are mixed to prepare a bulk density adjusting material. At this time, the bulk-increasing material becomes a dispersion medium for the water-absorbing resin and the polymer compound and is mixed until they are uniformly dispersed. Then, the uniformly mixed bulk density adjusting material is mixed with the target soil. For mixing the bulk density adjusting material and the target soil, a backhoe, a twin screw mixer, or the like can be used. In the mixing process of the bulk density adjusting material and the target soil, the water-absorbent resin and the polymer compound absorb water in the target soil and swell and reduce the water content, and form a bridge on the soil surface to form aggregates. The bulk density of the target soil is reduced by the formation of an air layer around the aggregate.
次に、対象土壌から異物を取り除く必要がある場合は、対象土壌の篩い分けを行う。篩い分けには、振動篩いやロールスクリーン等を用いることができる。 Next, when it is necessary to remove foreign matter from the target soil, the target soil is screened. For sieving, a vibration sieve, a roll screen or the like can be used.
その後、かさ密度調整材による処理のなされた対象土壌について、団粒粒径、かさ密度、及びｐＨを測定し、これらが目標値に達しているかどうかを確認する。処理を終えた対象土壌は、かさ密度が低減し、団粒化が進んでおり、又は、流動性が小さくなっている。対象土壌は、目的に応じて中間貯蔵施設や埋立て施設等に運搬する。もし、団粒粒径、かさ密度、及びｐＨが目標値に達していない場合は、同じかさ密度調整材を追加して再度処理する、他の対象土壌と混ぜて再度処理する、又は、目的に合った機能を有するかさ密度調整材の成分量の調整を図って再度処理する。 Thereafter, the aggregate particle size, the bulk density, and the pH are measured for the target soil treated with the bulk density adjusting material, and it is confirmed whether or not these have reached the target values. The target soil that has been treated has a reduced bulk density, agglomerated, or a reduced fluidity. The target soil is transported to an intermediate storage facility or a landfill facility according to the purpose. If the aggregate particle size, bulk density, and pH do not reach the target values, add the same bulk density adjuster and process again, mix with other target soil, or process again. The processing is performed again with the adjustment of the component amount of the bulk density adjusting material having a suitable function.
以上、本発明の好適な実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態に何ら限定されるものではない。 The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明の内容をより具体的に説明する。なお、本発明は下記実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. In addition, this invention is not limited to the following Example.
各評価項目の測定方法は、以下のとおりである。
・含水率：試験土壌を加熱乾燥式水分計で測定した。
・団粒粒径：目視で最頻近傍の団粒についてメジャーで測定した。
・かさ密度：１００ｍｌビーカーに１００ｃｍ３の土を入れ、土壌の重量を測定し、この重量を容量で除して求めた。
・土壌のｐＨ：土懸濁液のｐＨ試験方法（ＪＧＳ ０２１１−２０００）によって測定した。
・かさ増し材のｐＨ：メーカーＭＳＤＳの記載値を参考とした。
The measuring method of each evaluation item is as follows.
-Moisture content: The test soil was measured with a heat drying moisture meter.
-Aggregate particle size: The aggregate in the vicinity of the mode was visually measured with a measure.
Bulk density: 100 cm 3 soil was put in a 100 ml beaker, the weight of the soil was measured, and this weight was divided by the volume.
-Soil pH: Measured by the pH test method for soil suspension (JGS 0211-2000).
-PH of bulk-increasing material: The value described by manufacturer MSDS was used as a reference.
（実施例１）模擬草木根なしの場合
・試験土壌の性状
細粒分（φ０．０７５ｍｍ含有率）：５０〜６０％
高含水粘性土（黒土：赤土＝１：１）：３００ｃｍ３
質量：３００ｃｍ３×１．４７ｇ／ｃｍ３＝４４１ｇ
外観形状：目視では団粒が確認できない程度の泥状
模擬草木根：なし
(Example 1) In the case of no simulated plant roots / Test soil properties Fine grain content (φ0.075 mm content): 50-60%
High hydrous clay (black soil: red soil = 1: 1): 300 cm 3
Mass: 300 cm 3 × 1.47 g / cm 3 = 441 g
Appearance: Mud that cannot be confirmed by visual observation Simulated grass and roots: None
試験土壌の事前評価を実施したところ、含水率：４７％、かさ密度１．４７ｇ／ｃｍ３、土壌のｐＨ６．４であった。これらの値から、団粒粒径、かさ密度、土壌のｐＨの目標値をそれぞれ１０ｍｍ以下、１．０ｇ／ｃｍ３以下、ｐＨ６〜７と定め、かさ密度調整材として以下の配合及び添加量を決定した。 When preliminary evaluation of the test soil was carried out, the water content was 47%, the bulk density was 1.47 g / cm 3 , and the pH of the soil was 6.4. From these values, the target values of aggregate particle size, bulk density, and soil pH are determined to be 10 mm or less, 1.0 g / cm 3 or less, and pH 6 to 7, respectively. Were determined.
・配合
＜１＞アクリル系樹脂（吸水性樹脂）＝０．５９ｇ／ｃｍ３
＜２＞ポリアクリルアミド系化合物（高分子化合物）＝０．１３ｇ／ｃｍ３
＜３＞炭酸カルシウム（かさ増し材）＝３．６９ｇ／ｃｍ３
・添加量
１５ｋｇ／ｍ３
Formulation <1> Acrylic resin (water absorbent resin) = 0.59 g / cm 3
<2> Polyacrylamide compound (polymer compound) = 0.13 g / cm 3
<3> Calcium carbonate (bulk increasing material) = 3.69 g / cm 3
・ Additional amount 15kg / m 3
上記＜１＞〜＜３＞の材料を袋内に入れて混合してかさ密度調整材を調製した後、これと試験土壌とを、針金撹拌子ミキサーを用いて土壌が上下方向に空気を巻き込むよう配慮しながら３分間混合した。 After preparing the bulk density adjusting material by putting the materials of the above <1> to <3> in a bag and mixing them, the soil entrains air in the vertical direction using a wire stirrer mixer. Mix for 3 minutes with care.
処理後の事後評価を実施したところ、団粒粒径：２〜１０ｍｍ、かさ密度０．８１１ｇ／ｃｍ３、土壌のｐＨ６．２であった。これらはいずれも、定めた目標値を達成していた。 When ex-post evaluation was performed after the treatment, the aggregated particle size was 2 to 10 mm, the bulk density was 0.811 g / cm 3 , and the pH of the soil was 6.2. All of these achieved the set target value.
（実施例２）模擬草木根ありの場合
・試験土壌の性状
細粒分（φ０．０７５ｍｍ含有率）：５０〜６０％
高含水粘性土（黒土：赤土＝１：１）３００ｃｍ３
質量：３００ｃｍ３×１．４１ｇ／ｃｍ３＝４２３．６ｇ
外観形状：目視では団粒が確認できない程度の泥状
模擬草木根：２．３３ｇ
模擬草木根の長軸方向の平均長さ：３ｃｍ
(Example 2) In the case of simulated plant roots / Test soil properties Fine grain content (φ0.075 mm content): 50-60%
High hydrous clay (black soil: red soil = 1: 1) 300cm 3
Mass: 300 cm 3 × 1.41 g / cm 3 = 423.6 g
Appearance shape: Mud that cannot be confirmed by visual observation Simulated plant roots: 2.33 g
Average length of simulated grass and roots: 3cm
試験土壌の事前評価を実施したところ、含水率：５０％、かさ密度１．４１ｇ／ｃｍ３、土壌のｐＨ６．４であった。これらの値から、団粒粒径、かさ密度、土壌のｐＨの目標値をそれぞれ１０ｍｍ以下、１．０ｇ／ｃｍ３以下、ｐＨ６〜７と定め、かさ密度調整材として以下の配合及び添加量を決定した。 When preliminary evaluation of the test soil was performed, the moisture content was 50%, the bulk density was 1.41 g / cm 3 , and the pH of the soil was 6.4. From these values, the target values of aggregate particle size, bulk density, and soil pH are determined to be 10 mm or less, 1.0 g / cm 3 or less, and pH 6 to 7, respectively. Were determined.
・配合
＜１＞アクリル系樹脂（吸水性樹脂）＝０．６８ｇ／ｃｍ３
＜２＞ポリアクリルアミド系化合物（高分子化合物）＝０．１６ｇ／ｃｍ３
＜３＞炭酸カルシウム（かさ増し材）＝７．６２ｇ／ｃｍ３
・添加量
２０ｋｇ／ｍ３
Formulation <1> Acrylic resin (water absorbent resin) = 0.68 g / cm 3
<2> Polyacrylamide compound (polymer compound) = 0.16 g / cm 3
<3> Calcium carbonate (bulk increasing material) = 7.62 g / cm 3
・ Additional amount 20kg / m 3
上記＜１＞〜＜３＞の材料を袋内に入れて混合してかさ密度調整材を調製した後、これと試験土壌とを、針金撹拌子ミキサーを用いて土壌が上下方向に空気を巻き込むよう配慮しながら３分間混合した。 After preparing the bulk density adjusting material by putting the materials of the above <1> to <3> in a bag and mixing them, the soil entrains air in the vertical direction using a wire stirrer mixer. Mix for 3 minutes with care.
処理後の対象土壌を、目開き９．５ｍｍの篩を用いて篩分けした。 The target soil after the treatment was sieved using a sieve having an opening of 9.5 mm.
処理後の事後評価を実施したところ、団粒粒径：２〜１０ｍｍ、かさ密度０．８３５ｇ／ｃｍ３、土壌のｐＨ６．９であった。これらはいずれも、定めた目標値を達成していた。また、篩い通過分は、全体量の９２．５４ｗｔ％以上であった。 When ex-post evaluation was performed after the treatment, the aggregated particle size was 2 to 10 mm, the bulk density was 0.835 g / cm 3 , and the pH of the soil was 6.9. All of these achieved the set target value. Moreover, the sieve passage was 92.54 wt% or more of the total amount.
（実施例３）模擬草木根なしの場合；グリーンタフを用いた場合
・試験土壌の性状
細粒分（φ０．０７５ｍｍ含有率）：５０〜６０％
高含水粘性土（黒土：赤土＝１：１）：２００ｃｍ３
質量：２００ｃｍ３×１．４１ｇ／ｃｍ３＝２８２ｇ
外観形状：目視では団粒が確認できない程度の泥状
模擬草木根：なし
(Example 3) In the case of no simulated plant roots; in the case of using green tough ・ Properties of test soil Fine content (φ0.075 mm content): 50-60%
Highly hydrous clay (black soil: red soil = 1: 1): 200 cm 3
Mass: 200 cm 3 × 1.41 g / cm 3 = 282 g
Appearance: Mud that cannot be confirmed by visual observation Simulated grass and roots: None
試験土壌の事前評価を実施したところ、含水率：４７％、かさ密度１．４１ｇ／ｃｍ３、土壌のｐＨ５．６であった。これらの値から、団粒粒径、かさ密度、土壌のｐＨの目標値をそれぞれ１０ｍｍ以下、１．０ｇ／ｃｍ３以下、ｐＨ６〜７と定め、かさ密度調整材として以下の配合及び添加量を決定した。 When preliminary evaluation of the test soil was carried out, the water content was 47%, the bulk density was 1.41 g / cm 3 , and the pH of the soil was 5.6. From these values, the target values of aggregate particle size, bulk density, and soil pH are determined to be 10 mm or less, 1.0 g / cm 3 or less, and pH 6 to 7, respectively. Were determined.
・配合
〔配合１〕
＜３＞グリーンタフ（かさ増し材）＝４０ｇ／ｃｍ３
すなわち、吸水性樹脂：高分子化合物：かさ増し材＝０：０：１００（質量比）の配合であり、本発明の範囲外の例である（比較例）。
〔配合２〕
＜１＞アクリル系樹脂（吸水性樹脂）＝０．５〜２ｇ／ｃｍ３
＜２＞ポリアクリルアミド系化合物（高分子化合物）＝０．１〜０．４ｇ／ｃｍ３
＜３＞グリーンタフ（かさ増し材）＝９．４〜３７．６ｇ／ｃｍ３
吸水性樹脂：高分子化合物：かさ増し材＝５：１：９４（質量比）の配合となるように調製した。
〔配合３〕
＜１＞アクリル系樹脂（吸水性樹脂）＝１〜４ｇ／ｃｍ３
＜２＞ポリアクリルアミド系化合物（高分子化合物）＝０．２〜０．８ｇ／ｃｍ３
＜３＞グリーンタフ（かさ増し材）＝８．８〜３５．２ｇ／ｃｍ３
吸水性樹脂：高分子化合物：かさ増し材＝１０：２：８８（質量比）の配合となるように調製した。
〔配合４〕
＜１＞アクリル系樹脂（吸水性樹脂）＝２〜８ｇ／ｃｍ３
＜２＞ポリアクリルアミド系化合物（高分子化合物）＝０．２〜０．８ｇ／ｃｍ３
＜３＞グリーンタフ（かさ増し材）＝７．８〜３１．２ｇ／ｃｍ３
吸水性樹脂：高分子化合物：かさ増し材＝２０：２：７８（質量比）の配合となるように調製した。
・添加量
配合１については４０ｋｇ／ｍ３で、配合２〜４については１０ｋｇ／ｍ３、２０ｋｇ／ｍ３、４０ｋｇ／ｍ３で試験した。
・ Formulation [Formulation 1]
<3> Green tough (bulk increasing material) = 40 g / cm 3
That is, it is a blend of water-absorbing resin: polymer compound: bulk filler = 0: 0: 100 (mass ratio), which is an example outside the scope of the present invention (comparative example).
[Formulation 2]
<1> Acrylic resin (water absorbent resin) = 0.5 to 2 g / cm 3
<2> Polyacrylamide compound (polymer compound) = 0.1 to 0.4 g / cm 3
<3> Green tough (bulk increasing material) = 9.4-37.6 g / cm 3
It was prepared so as to have a composition of water-absorbing resin: polymer compound: bulk increasing material = 5: 1: 94 (mass ratio).
[Formulation 3]
<1> Acrylic resin (water absorbent resin) = 1 to 4 g / cm 3
<2> Polyacrylamide compound (polymer compound) = 0.2 to 0.8 g / cm 3
<3> Green tough (bulk increasing material) = 8.8-35.2 g / cm 3
It prepared so that it might become a mixture of water-absorbing resin: polymer compound: bulk increasing material = 10: 2: 88 (mass ratio).
[Formulation 4]
<1> Acrylic resin (water absorbing resin) = 2-8 g / cm 3
<2> Polyacrylamide compound (polymer compound) = 0.2 to 0.8 g / cm 3
<3> Green tough (bulk increasing material) = 7.8-31.2 g / cm 3
It was prepared so as to have a composition of water-absorbing resin: polymer compound: bulk increasing material = 20: 2: 78 (mass ratio).
- For added amount 1 at 40 kg / m 3, for formulations 2-4 were tested at 10kg / m 3, 20kg / m 3, 40kg / m 3.
上記＜１＞〜＜３＞の材料を袋内に入れて混合してかさ密度調整材を調製した後、これと試験土壌とを、針金撹拌子ミキサーを用いて土壌が上下方向に空気を巻き込むよう配慮しながら３分間混合した。 After preparing the bulk density adjusting material by putting the materials of the above <1> to <3> in a bag and mixing them, the soil entrains air in the vertical direction using a wire stirrer mixer. Mix for 3 minutes with care.
処理後の事後評価を実施したところ、配合１では団粒粒径：２０〜３０ｍｍ、かさ密度１．４ｇ／ｃｍ３、土壌のｐＨ６．０であった。配合２では団粒粒径：５〜４０ｍｍ、かさ密度０．８〜１．０ｇ／ｃｍ３、土壌のｐＨ６．２であった。配合３では団粒粒径：５〜２０ｍｍ、かさ密度０．８〜１．０ｇ／ｃｍ３、土壌のｐＨ６．０であった。配合４では団粒粒径：５〜２０ｍｍ、かさ密度０．８〜１．０ｇ／ｃｍ３、土壌のｐＨ６．２であった。配合２〜４では、かさ密度及びｐＨが目標値を達成していた。 When ex-post evaluation after the treatment was carried out, in Formulation 1, the aggregate particle size was 20 to 30 mm, the bulk density was 1.4 g / cm 3 , and the pH of the soil was 6.0. In Formulation 2, the aggregate particle size was 5 to 40 mm, the bulk density was 0.8 to 1.0 g / cm 3 , and the pH of the soil was 6.2. In Formulation 3, the aggregate particle size was 5 to 20 mm, the bulk density was 0.8 to 1.0 g / cm 3 , and the pH of the soil was 6.0. In formulation 4, the aggregate particle size was 5 to 20 mm, the bulk density was 0.8 to 1.0 g / cm 3 , and the pH of the soil was 6.2. In the formulations 2 to 4, the bulk density and the pH achieved the target values.
配合１〜４のそれぞれについて、かさ密度調整材の添加量と１０ｍｍふるい上割合（％）との関係を図１に示した。配合１（比較例）ではかさ密度調整材を４０ｋｇ／ｍ３添加した場合でも１０ｍｍふるいを通過しなかったが、配合２〜４ではかさ密度調整材を１０ｋｇ／ｍ３、２０ｋｇ／ｍ３、４０ｋｇ／ｍ３添加した後の１０ｍｍふるい上割合が、いずれもかさ密度調整の目安である２０％よりも小さくなった。 FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the addition amount of the bulk density adjusting material and the 10 mm sieving ratio (%) for each of Formulations 1 to 4. In Formulation 1 (Comparative Example), even when 40 kg / m 3 of the bulk density adjusting material was added, it did not pass through the 10 mm sieve, but in Formulations 2 to 4, the bulk density adjusting material was 10 kg / m 3 , 20 kg / m 3 , 40 kg. The ratio of 10 mm sieving after the addition of / m 3 was smaller than 20%, which is a standard for bulk density adjustment.
Claims (6)
吸水性樹脂と、
前記吸水性樹脂以外の高分子化合物と、
かさ増し材と、を含み、
前記吸水性樹脂１００質量部に対し、前記高分子化合物を０．１〜５０質量部、前記かさ増し材を５００〜１５０００質量部含み、
前記高分子化合物は、前記対象土壌の土粒子表面に作用して土粒子同士を結合する化合物であり、
前記高分子化合物は、ポリアクリルアミド系化合物であり、
異物分別用である、かさ密度調整材。 A bulk density adjusting material that aggregates the target soil,
A water absorbent resin,
A polymer compound other than the water absorbent resin;
A bulking material, and
0.1 to 50 parts by mass of the polymer compound and 500 to 15000 parts by mass of the bulking material with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water absorbent resin,
The polymer compound is a compound that acts on the soil particle surface of the target soil and binds the soil particles together,
The polymer compound is a polyacrylamide compound,
Bulk density adjusting material for foreign matter separation.
前記かさ増し材のｐＨが１０〜１２である、請求項１記載のかさ密度調整材。 The acid-treated raw soil having a pH of 2 to 3 is treated,
The pH of the bulking material is 10 to 12, claim 1 Symbol placement bulk density adjusting material.
前記かさ増し材のｐＨが２〜３である、請求項１記載のかさ密度調整材。 The alkaline treated soil with a pH of 10 to 12 is treated,
The pH of the bulking material is 2 to 3, claim 1 Symbol placement bulk density adjusting material.
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