JP6371831B2 - アルミニウムとの構造的な接合のための表面処理 - Google Patents
アルミニウムとの構造的な接合のための表面処理 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6371831B2 JP6371831B2 JP2016510685A JP2016510685A JP6371831B2 JP 6371831 B2 JP6371831 B2 JP 6371831B2 JP 2016510685 A JP2016510685 A JP 2016510685A JP 2016510685 A JP2016510685 A JP 2016510685A JP 6371831 B2 JP6371831 B2 JP 6371831B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- sol
- gel
- layer
- aluminum
- adhesive layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 117
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 117
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 117
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 106
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000007739 conversion coating Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 zirconium alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-] XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PQLVXDKIJBQVDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC(O)=O PQLVXDKIJBQVDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RXRIEAKKQPAUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1.CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 RXRIEAKKQPAUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 48
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 19
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
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- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- UQJIGSKKIVHXJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-aminophenyl)silicon Chemical compound NC1=CC=C([Si])C=C1 UQJIGSKKIVHXJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOYKFSOCSXVQAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[diethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C DOYKFSOCSXVQAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZMNXXQIQIHFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LZMNXXQIQIHFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCS UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- OTARVPUIYXHRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy-methyl-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 OTARVPUIYXHRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBGQQKKTDDNCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-diethoxy-methylsilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C=C)OCC MBGQQKKTDDNCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IADPEWNXRCIVFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]-di(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)CCCOCC1CO1 IADPEWNXRCIVFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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- CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydron;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Mn+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCN PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)aniline Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C1=CC=CC=C1 PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UDUKMRHNZZLJRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCC2OC21 UDUKMRHNZZLJRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFRDHGNFBLIJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(prop-2-enyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC=C LFRDHGNFBLIJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
- C09J5/02—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers involving pretreatment of the surfaces to be joined
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
- B64F5/10—Manufacturing or assembling aircraft, e.g. jigs therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
- B64F5/40—Maintaining or repairing aircraft
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
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- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
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- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
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- C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
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- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
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- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
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- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
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- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
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- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
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- C23C22/37—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also hexavalent chromium compounds
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- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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Description
従来の処理では、航空機の外表面などのアルミニウムコンポーネントとの構造的な接合部の形成には、接合プライマーあるいはその他の、現場では加工しにくい材料を使用することが典型的である。例えば、接着接合プライマーを適当に硬化するには250°Fの温度で90分の時間を要する。この温度を得るには、ヒートブランケット、オーブン、あるいは、ヒートガンなどの強力な熱源が必要であるが、そのような熱源は、現場での入手が困難であったり、環境中に存在する燃料蒸気やその他の可燃性材料など安全上の理由から使用禁止であったりする。加えて、接着接合プライマーの塗布及び硬化処理には、多大な労力と時間を要する傾向があり、処理全体にかかる時間が4時間を超えることが多々ある。同時に、構造的な接合部の形成は、多くの場合、現場で短時間の内に、例えば、航空機が空港で地上にある間に行う必要がある。
図1Aは、いくつかの実施形態による、アルミニウムコンポーネント102に対してアルミニウムパッチ110を構造的に接合中のシステム100の概略断面図である。システム100は、他のコンポーネントとして、化成層104、ゾルゲル層106、及び、硬化接着層108を有する。化成層104を第1層、ゾルゲル層106を第2層、硬化接着層108を第3層と呼ぶ場合もある。化成層104は、複数の副層を含んでもよい。同様に、ゾルゲル層106も複数の副層を含んでもよい。
図2は、いくつかの実施形態による、アルミニウムコンポーネントにアルミニウムパッチを、接着剤は用いるが接着接合プライマーは用いないで構造的に接合する方法200に対応する処理のフローチャートである。方法200の開始は、アルミニウムコンポーネントの表面から汚染物を除去する処理202であってもよい。汚染物の例をいくつか挙げると、塗装、プライマー、酸化アルミニウム、などがある。処理202には、アルミニウムコンポーネントの表面を研磨ディスクで研磨(sanding)すること;圧縮空気、アセトン、及び/又は、比較的柔らかい布(rumple cloth)で表面を清掃すること;アセトンで湿らせた無リント拭取り具(lint-free wipe)で表面を拭き、その表面部分のアセトンが乾燥する前に直ちに乾いた無リント拭取り具で拭取ること;を含んでもよい。研磨工程、圧縮空気での清掃工程、及び/又は、アセトンでの拭取り及び乾燥工程は、1回又は複数回繰り返してもよい。例えば、一連の工程には、研磨工程と、圧縮空気での清掃工程と、アセトンでの拭取り及び乾燥工程と、研磨工程と、最後に、圧縮空気での清掃工程とを含んでいてもよい。最後の研磨工程は、例えば、粒度(grit)180の研磨紙Merit(テキサス州、スティーヴンヴィルのSaint-Gobain Abrasives社から入手可能)を用い、±90度と±45度の角度パターンで行うことで、ゾルゲルの接合に必要となる、清浄度、酸化物の除去および表面形状の形成を実現してもよい。
化成被膜は、アルミニウム構造体など、金属構造体に特有の被膜であり、これら金属構造体の表面は化成被膜と化学反応して、その表面上に保護被膜を形成する。換言すると、金属構造体と化成被膜との双方が保護被膜の形成に寄与し、保護被膜は、金属成分と共に1つ又は複数の化成被膜成分とを含む。保護被膜の厚みは、例えば、約10ナノメートルから約800ナノメートルの間であり、より具体的には、100ナノメートルから200ナノメートルの間である。
構造的な接合に用いるゾルゲル材料として、金属酸化物とシランカップリング剤との混合物を使用できる。混合物は、反応性の金属アルコキシド前駆体の水溶液であってもよく、これをゾルゲル処理によって被膜にする。ゾルゲル処理は一連の反応から成り、先ず、可溶性の金属種(典型的には、金属アルコキシド又は金属塩)を加水分解して金属水酸化物を形成し、次に、これを縮合反応させて固体粒子及び/又はゲルネットワークを形成する。可溶性の金属種は、通常、接合される構造体に含まれる樹脂に適合させた有機リガンドを含有する。金属水酸化物は水溶液内で凝縮して(すなわち、解膠して)、有機/無機ポリマー・ハイブリッドを形成する。反応条件に応じて、金属ポリマーが凝縮してコロイド粒子になったり、成長してネットワークゲルを形成したりする。ポリマーマトリックスにおける有機成分の無機成分に対する比率は、特定用途の性能を最大限に高めるように制御される。
本明細書に示した構造的な接合の様々な特徴をより明らかにするために、図4Aに示す航空機の製造及びサービス方法400と、図4Bに示す航空機430を説明する。生産開始前の工程として、航空機の製造及びサービス方法400は、航空機430の仕様決定及び設計工程402と、材料調達工程404とを含む。生産中の工程としては、航空機430の部品及び小組立品製造工程406、及び、システムインテグレーション工程408が行われる。その後、航空機430は認証及び納品工程410を経て、就航412に入る。顧客によるサービス中は、航空機430は、定例のメンテナンス及びサービス工程414(変更、再構成、改装なども含みうる)に組み込まれる。本明細書で説明した実施形態は、概ね商用航空機の就航についての実施形態に関するが、航空機の製造及びサービス方法400の他の段階で実施してもよい。
アルミニウムラップ剪断テスト、及び高温/多湿条件下におけるくさび試験片テスト(hot/wet conditioned wedge coupon test)などの一連のテストを実施して、試験片の接合強度と環境耐久性を比較した。測定用試験片には、ゾルゲル材料を塗布したが、接合プライマーは使用しなかった。一方、比較用試験片には、先ず、リン酸を用いて陽極処理を施し、その後、処理表面に接合プライマーを塗布した。
前記アルミニウムコンポーネント102の表面から汚染物を除去すること202により洗浄面を形成し、
前記アルミニウムコンポーネント102の前記洗浄面に化成被膜を設けること204により、前記アルミニウムコンポーネント102の前記洗浄面に化成層104を形成し、
前記化成層104上にゾルゲル材料を設けること208により、前記化成層104上にゾルゲル層106を形成し、
前記ゾルゲル層106上に接着層を設けること212により、前記接着層108の硬化によって、前記アルミニウムコンポーネント102との構造的な接合部を形成する、方法。
前記アルミニウムコンポーネント102の表面から汚染物を除去すること202により洗浄面を形成し、
前記アルミニウムコンポーネント102の前記洗浄面に化成被膜を設けること204により、前記アルミニウムコンポーネント102の前記洗浄面上に化成層104を形成し、
前記化成層104の上にゾルゲル材料を設けること208により、前記化成層104上にゾルゲル層106を形成する、方法。
前記アルミニウムコンポーネント102上に配置された化成層104と、
前記化成層104上に配置されたゾルゲル層106と、
前記ゾルゲル層106上に配置された硬化接着層108と、
前記硬化接着層108上に配置されたアルミニウムパッチ110と、を含む構造体であって、前記化成層104と、前記ゾルゲル層106と、前記硬化接着層108とは、前記アルミニウムコンポーネント102と前記アルミニウムパッチ110との間に位置する積層体を形成し、前記積層体は、前記アルミニウムコンポーネント102と前記アルミニウムパッチ110との間に構造的な接合部を形成する、構造体。
上述した概念は理解の明確化のため詳細に説明したが、添付の請求項の範囲内で種々の変更や変形が可能であることは明らかである。上述の処理、システム、装置あるいは構造体を実施する代替方法が多数あることに留意されたい。したがって、これらの実施形態は、例示的であり、限定的に解釈されるべきではない。
Claims (12)
- 接着接合プライマーを用いずに、アルミニウムコンポーネントに接着層を構造的に接合する方法であって、
前記アルミニウムコンポーネント(102)の表面から汚染物を除去すること(202)により洗浄面を形成し、
前記アルミニウムコンポーネント(102)の前記洗浄面上にクロメートまたはリン酸塩を含む化成被膜を設けること(204)により、前記アルミニウムコンポーネント(102)の前記洗浄面上にクロメートあるいはリン酸塩を含む化成層(104)を形成し、
前記化成層(104)上にジルコニウムアルコキシドおよびシランカップリング剤を含むゾルゲル材料を設けること(208)により、前記化成層(104)上にジルコニウム含有基およびシリコン含有基をゲルネットワーク中に有するゲル層(106)を形成し、
前記ゲル層(106)上に接着層を設けること(212)により、前記接着層(108)が硬化の後、前記アルミニウムコンポーネント(102)との構造的な接合部を形成するにあたり、
前記ゲルネットワークは、前記接着層側の界面ではジルコニウム含有基よりも多くのシリコン含有基を含んでおり、前記アルミニウムコンポーネント側の界面ではシリコン含有基よりも多くのジルコニウム含有基を含むようにする、方法。 - 前記ゾルゲル材料は、ジルコニウムn−プロポキシド(zirconium n-propoxide)及び3−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane)を含有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ゾルゲル材料は、当該ゾルゲル材料を含む溶液に対して0.5重量%から2重量%の間のジルコニウムn−プロポキシド及び1重量%から3重量%の間の3−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシランを含有する、請求項1〜2のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記ゾルゲル材料は、さらに水及び氷酢酸を含有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ゾルゲル材料を設けること(208)は、約10℃から約35℃の間の温度で行われる、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記ゾルゲル材料を設けること(208)は噴霧により行われる、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記接着層をアルミニウムパッチ(110)に接触させること(214)及び前記接着層を硬化させること(214)をさらに含み、硬化した前記接着層(108)により、前記アルミニウムパッチ(110)と前記アルミニウムコンポーネント(102)との間に構造的接合部が形成される、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記化成層は、30重量%から60重量%の間のクロム酸を含有する、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- アルミニウムコンポーネント(102)と、
前記アルミニウムコンポーネント(102)上に配置されたクロメートまたはリン酸塩の化成層(104)と、
前記化成層(104)上に配置された、ジルコニウムアルコキシドおよびシランカップリング剤を含むゾルゲル材料由来のジルコニウム含有基およびシリコン含有基をゲルネットワーク中に有するゲル層(106)と、
前記ゲル層(106)上に配置された硬化接着層(108)と、
前記硬化接着層(108)上に配置されたアルミニウムパッチ(110)と、を含む構造体であって、前記化成層(104)と、前記ゲル層(106)と、前記硬化接着層(108)とは、前記アルミニウムコンポーネント(102)と前記アルミニウムパッチ(110)との間に位置する積層体を形成し、前記積層体は、前記アルミニウムコンポーネント(102)と前記アルミニウムパッチ(110)との間の構造的な接合部を形成しており、
前記ゲルネットワークは、前記接着層側の界面ではジルコニウム含有基よりも多くのシリコン含有基を含んでおり、前記アルミニウムコンポーネント側の界面ではシリコン含有基よりも多くのジルコニウム含有基を含んでいる、構造体。 - 前記硬化接着層(108)は、エポキシ、ポリイミドおよびポリウレタンのうちの1つを含有する、請求項9に記載の構造体。
- 前記化成層(104)は六価クロムを含有する、請求項9〜10のいずれかに記載の構造体。
- 前記化成層(104)は六価クロムを実質的に含有しない、請求項9〜10のいずれかに記載の構造体。
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US13/871,132 US20140322540A1 (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2013-04-26 | Surface treatment for structural bonding to aluminum |
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PCT/US2014/032611 WO2014176006A1 (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2014-04-02 | Surface treatment for structural bonding to aluminum |
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