JP6368719B2 - 水素製造のための方法 - Google Patents
水素製造のための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6368719B2 JP6368719B2 JP2015552124A JP2015552124A JP6368719B2 JP 6368719 B2 JP6368719 B2 JP 6368719B2 JP 2015552124 A JP2015552124 A JP 2015552124A JP 2015552124 A JP2015552124 A JP 2015552124A JP 6368719 B2 JP6368719 B2 JP 6368719B2
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- Prior art keywords
- alcohol
- nickel
- hydrogen
- cerium
- temperature
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 76
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 70
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 70
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 68
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 33
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 143
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 95
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical group CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 hydride ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012695 Ce precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical group [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- XQTIWNLDFPPCIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+) Chemical group [Ce+3] XQTIWNLDFPPCIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ce+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229940110728 nitrogen / oxygen Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 51
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 49
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910020191 CeNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 9
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013379 physicochemical characterization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002483 hydrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010744 Boudouard reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910018054 Ni-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018481 Ni—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012978 lignocellulosic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N oxazine, 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)N(C)C)[C@H](O)C[C@]21C)=O)CC1=CC2)C[C@H]1[C@@]1(C)[C@H]2N=C(C(C)C)OC1 AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBNDTYKAOXLLID-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(4+) ion Chemical class [Zr+4] GBNDTYKAOXLLID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/83—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J37/009—Preparation by separation, e.g. by filtration, decantation, screening
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- B01J37/14—Oxidising with gases containing free oxygen
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- B01J37/18—Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/326—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents characterised by the catalyst
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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Description
C2H5OH + 3H2O → 6H2 + 2CO2 (1)
C2H5OH + 1.5O2 → 3H2 + 2CO2 (2)
C2H5OH → C2H4O + H2 (3)
C2H5OH → CH4 + CO + H2 (4)
2C2H5OH + H2O → CH3COCH3 + CO2 + 4H2 (5)
C2H5OH → C2H4 + H2O (6)
C2H4 → コーク (7)
1)セリウム、ニッケル、酸素原子、水素原子、及び任意選択で、Al及びZrから選択される金属Mをベースとする、電気的に中性のオキシハイドライド材料M1を合成する第1の工程であって、前記材料において:
i)Ni/Ceモル比が0.1から5まで変化し、
ii)M/Ceモル比が0から1まで変化し、かつ
iii)前記材料M1中に存在する水素原子の少なくとも一部が、ハイドライドイオンの形態であり、
前記合成が1−i)から1−v)までのサブ工程:
1−i)少なくとも1つのセリウム前駆体、少なくとも1つのニッケル前駆体、及び任意選択で少なくとも1つの金属M前駆体を含んでなる水溶液を調製する第1のサブ工程、
1−ii)前記水溶液に少なくとも1つの沈殿剤を添加することにより、セリウム、ニッケル、及び任意選択で金属Mの前記前駆体を、セリウム、ニッケル、及び任意選択で金属Mの対応する水酸化物の形態で共沈させる第2のサブ工程、
1−iii)前記水酸化物を濾過して、濾過された固体を得る第3のサブ工程、
1−iv)サブ工程1−iii)において上記で得られた濾過固体を、約40℃と150℃との間の温度で、約1と24時間の間の時間にわたり乾燥させて、セリウム、ニッケル、酸素原子、水素原子、及び任意選択で金属Mをベースとする電気的に中性の固体材料M2を得る第4のサブ工程であり、ここで:
i)金属M、及びモル比Ni/Ce及びM/Ceの定義は、オキシハイドライド材料M1に関するものと同じであり、
ii)前記材料M2中に存在する水素原子の少なくとも一部は、酸素原子とともにヒドロキシル官能基を形成し、かつ
iii)前記固体材料M2は、ハイドライドイオンが無く、及び
1−v)先行工程において上記で得られた固体材料M2を水素の存在下に処理して、オキシハイドライド材料M1を得るための第5のサブ工程、
において実施される、該第1の工程と、
2)先行工程において上記で得られたオキシハイドライド材料M1を、低い温度において、最初に少なくとも1種の低級アルコール、水、及び窒素を含んでなるガス混合物と、そして2番目に酸素と接触させる、第2の工程とを含んでなり、
オキシハイドライド材料M1の合成工程がか焼のサブ工程を含まないことを特徴とする、前記方法に関する。
CeMpNixHzOy (I)
CeMpNixOy´Hz´ (I´)
[式中、Mは、Al及びZrから選択される金属であり、0≦p≦1;0.1≦x≦5;y、y´、z、及びz´の値は、しかしながらこれまで決定されていない]によって表され得ると考える。
2OH− → O2− + □ + H2O (8)
O2−Mn+□ + H2 → OH− Mn+H− (9)
H− + 1/2 O2 → OH− (10)
2−i)水/アルコール/窒素ガス混合物を、少なくとも130℃の温度、及びより好ましくは160℃の温度において、先行工程1)で得られたオキシハイドライド材料M1を含んでなる反応器に投入すること、
2−ii)反応器内に酸素を投入すること、及び少なくとも3分間の投入期間にわたり、温度を維持すること、そして次に
2−iii)60℃未満の温度、又はより好ましくは50℃程度の温度まで、温度を下げること。
1.1 本発明の方法の乾燥工程1−iv)から得られる固体材料M2の調製(乾燥化合物)
1.1−a) Ni/Ceモル比が1に等しくM/Ceモル比が0に等しい、乾燥化合物1の調製
乾燥化合物1は、体積100mLの0.5M硝酸セリウム水溶液と、体積100mLの0.5M硝酸ニッケル水溶液とを含んでなる溶液から出発し、かつトリエチルアミンを沈殿剤として用いて、対応する水酸化物の共沈により調製した。
乾燥化合物2は、体積200mLの0.5M硝酸セリウム水溶液と、体積100mLの0.5M硝酸ニッケル水溶液とを含んでなる溶液から出発し、かつトリエチルアミンを沈殿剤として用いて、対応する水酸化物の共沈により調製した。
乾燥化合物3は、体積200mLの0.5M硝酸セリウム水溶液と、体積50mLの0.5M硝酸ニッケル水溶液とを含んでなる溶液から出発し、かつトリエチルアミンを沈殿剤として用いて、対応する水酸化物の共沈により調製した。
乾燥化合物1、2、及び3を、昇温還元法(PTR)の測定値によって分析した。
− 化合物1について:CeMpNixOy´Hz´(I´−1)[式中、p=0、x=1、y´=5.8、及びz´=3.8]
− 化合物2について:CeMpNixOy´Hz´(I´−2)[式中、p=0、x=0.4、y´=4.0、及びz´=2.4]
− 化合物3について:CeMpNixOy´Hz´(I´−3)[式中、p=0、x=0.2、y´=3.3、及びz´=2.1]
2.1 Ni/Ceモル比が1に等しくかつM/Ceモル比が0に等しいオキシハイドライド材料M1(触媒1)によって触媒される、本発明の方法による水素の製造
実施例1.1−a)において上記で得られた乾燥化合物1(固体材料M2)0.03gを、石英反応器内に投入した。この材料を次に、水素を用いてin situで、250℃で10時間処理して、対応するオキシハイドライド材料M1(触媒1)を生成した。
Thermo Electron Corporation社により商品名Trace GC Ultraで販売された、水素炎イオン化検出器(FID)及び熱伝導度検出器(TCD)へ結合されたクロマトグラフを用いて分析した。
中性子拡散実験(INS)を、本発明の方法によって得られた触媒1について、及び比較のため、Pirezら(同上)において記載された方法によって得られたオキシハイドライド触媒について、実施例1.2において上記に記載されたものと同じ装置を用いて実施した。
この実施例では、水素の製造は、そのNi/Ceモル比が0.5に等しくかつM/Ceモル比が0に等しいオキシハイドライド材料M1(触媒2)により触媒されて実施された。
この実施例では、水素の製造は、そのNi/Ceモル比が0.25に等しくかつM/Ceモル比が0に等しいオキシハイドライド材料M1(触媒3)により触媒されて実施された。
Claims (15)
- アルコール又はアルコール混合物の変換により、20℃から60℃までの範囲の温度で水素を製造するための方法であって、前記方法が、以下の工程:
1)セリウム、ニッケル、酸素原子、水素原子、及び任意選択で、Al及びZrから選択される金属Mをベースとする、電気的に中性のオキシハイドライド材料M1を合成する第1の工程であって、前記材料において:
i)Ni/Ceモル比が0.1から5まで変化し、
ii)M/Ceモル比が0から1まで変化し、かつ
iii)前記材料M1中に存在する水素原子の少なくとも一部が、ハイドライドイオンの形態であり、
前記合成が1−i)から1−v)までのサブ工程:
1−i)少なくとも1つのセリウム前駆体、少なくとも1つのニッケル前駆体、及び任意選択で少なくとも1つの金属M前駆体を含んでなる水溶液を調製する第1のサブ工程、
1−ii)前記水溶液に少なくとも1つの沈殿剤を添加することにより、セリウム、ニッケル、及び任意選択で金属Mの前記前駆体を、セリウム、ニッケル、及び任意選択で金属Mの対応する水酸化物の形態で共沈させる第2のサブ工程、
1−iii)前記水酸化物を濾過して、濾過された固体を得る第3のサブ工程、
1−iv)サブ工程1−iii)において上記で得られた濾過固体を、40℃と150℃との間の温度で、1と24時間の間の時間にわたり乾燥させて、セリウム、ニッケル、酸素原子、水素原子、及び任意選択で金属Mをベースとする電気的に中性の固体材料M2を得る第4のサブ工程であり、ここで:
i)金属M、及びモル比Ni/Ce及びM/Ceの定義は、オキシハイドライド材料M1に関するものと同じであり、
ii)前記材料M2中に存在する水素原子の少なくとも一部は、酸素原子とともにヒドロキシル官能基を形成し、かつ
iii)前記固体材料M2は、ハイドライドイオンが無く、及び
1−v)先行工程において上記で得られた固体材料M2を水素の存在下に処理して、オキシハイドライド材料M1を得るための第5のサブ工程、
において実施される、該第1の工程と、
2)先行工程において上記で得られたオキシハイドライド材料M1を、20℃から60℃までの範囲の温度において、最初に少なくとも1種の低級アルコール、水、及び窒素を含んでなるガス混合物と、
そして2番目に酸素と接触させる、第2の工程とを含んでなり、
オキシハイドライド材料M1の合成工程がか焼のサブ工程を含まないことを特徴とする、
前記方法。 - 前記セリウム前駆体が硝酸セリウム、酢酸セリウム、及び塩化セリウムから選択されるセリウム(III)塩であり、前記ニッケル前駆体が硝酸ニッケル、塩化ニッケル、及び硫酸ニッケルから選択されるニッケル(II)塩であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記水溶液中のセリウム前駆体及びニッケル前駆体の濃度が、独立して、0.1から1mol/lまで変化することを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記沈殿剤が、トリエチルアミン、水酸化アンモニウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、及び炭酸ナトリウムから選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 水素の存在下での固体材料M2の処理のサブ工程1−v)が、50℃から400℃までの温度で実施されることを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記オキシハイドライド材料M1が、そのM/Ceモル比がゼロに等しく、かつNi/Ceモル比が0.3から1まで変化するものから選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記アルコールがメタノール、エタノール、プロパン−1−オール、ブタン−1−オール、及びペンタン−1−オール、並びにバイオエタノールから選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記の接触工程2)が、以下の順序:
2−i)水/アルコール/窒素ガス混合物を、少なくとも130℃の温度において、先行工程1)で得られたオキシハイドライド材料M1を含んでなる反応器に投入すること、
2−ii)前記反応器内に酸素を投入すること、及び少なくとも3分間の投入期間にわたり、温度を維持すること、次いで
2−iii)60℃未満の温度まで温度を下げること、
に従って実施されることを特徴とする、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 順序2−i)の間に、前記水/アルコール/窒素ガス混合物が、160℃の温度において前記反応器内に投入されること、及び工程2−iii)の間に、温度が50℃の温度まで低下されることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 開始時に前記反応器内へ供給される水/アルコール/窒素ガス混合物が、水/アルコール/窒素ガス混合物に対し15mol%のアルコールを含有することを特徴とする、請求項8又は9に記載の方法。
- 前記ガス混合物中の水/アルコールモル比が、1/2から13/1まで変化することを特徴とする、請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記水/アルコール/窒素/酸素ガス混合物の流量が10から100ml/分まで変化することを特徴とする、請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- O2/アルコールモル比が、0.5/1から2.5/1まで変化することを特徴とする、請求項1から12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- そのアルコール/水/O2/N2ガス混合物のモル比が1/3/1.6/1.3である、アルコール/水/O2/N2ガス混合物が使用されることを特徴とする、請求項1から13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 20℃から60℃までの範囲の温度で低級アルコールを水素に変換する反応のための方法であって、前記反応が請求項1から7のいずれか1項に定義された通りの方法の合成の工程1)を実施することにより得られるオキシハイドライド材料M1により触媒され、前記オキシハイドライド材料M1が電気的に中性であり、セリウム、ニッケル、酸素原子、水素原子、及び任意選択で、Al及びZrから選択される金属Mをベースとし、かつ前記材料において:
i)Ni/Ceモル比が0.1から5まで変化し、
ii)M/Ceモル比が0から1まで変化し、かつ
iii)前記材料M1中に存在する水素原子の少なくとも一部が、ハイドライドイオンの形態である、該方法。
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FR3000737A1 (fr) | 2014-07-11 |
CN105189342A (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
JP2016502972A (ja) | 2016-02-01 |
US9968913B2 (en) | 2018-05-15 |
US20150352528A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
CN105189342B (zh) | 2017-04-26 |
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