JP6341630B2 - Sorting device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a sorting apparatus, for example, in the recycling field, when sorting crushed material that has been disassembled and pulverized after waste collection and separated for each material, or an element peeled off from a substrate of an electronic / electrical device, etc. The present invention relates to a sorting apparatus used for removing impurities, etc., in the case of sorting small-diameter parts having various compositions such as, in the resource field, in the same way with natural resources, and in the field of manufacturing and production.

  Various types of wet and dry technologies for sorting and collecting solid particles have been developed to meet a wide range of targets so far, but depending on the type of material such as magnetism and chargeability among these sorting technologies. As a dry method using basic properties with high general versatility as solids such as specific gravity and particle size, rather than characteristics, techniques using inertial force and wind power have been developed. Many of these sorting methods are configured to function in combination with centrifugal force, inertial force and drag (gas resistance, etc.), transport action by airflow and drop movement by gravity. Has been developed as a technology to divide.

In order to classify three or more types, it is assumed that multi-stage sorting is performed: (1) A plurality of basic configuration sets of a sorting device are prepared and arranged and operated continuously (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 4), (2 ) As a supplementary mechanism, a mechanism that adds a different mechanism (for example, see Patent Documents 3, 2, and 5), and a mechanism that uses a suction mechanism: The purpose is to circulate and use the air flow to eliminate the exhaust to the outside of the device (see, for example, Patent Document 8), and (4) A simple and suitable for large-volume processing that depends on suction for the purpose of removing lightweight objects. (For example, see Patent Documents 6 and 7) and the like are conventionally used.
However, in the above (1), many of the components (including the main part) are duplicated, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost and freedom of installation, and is particularly burdensome in small and medium factories that carry out intermediate processing even in recycling. In (2) above, the mechanism is complicated, design optimization becomes difficult (Patent Documents 2 and 5), or continuous operation cannot be performed (Patent Document 3), and accuracy is insufficient. In (3) above, there is a problem that the application of the suction mechanism itself has little to do with the sorting performance. In the above (4), the suction mechanism mainly determines the sortability. However, since the suction force depends on the distance from the suction port, there is a problem that it is difficult to control with high accuracy in a large amount of processing.

JP 2003-71386 A JP 2006-218357 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-204584 JP 2003-102383 A JP 2005-205282 A JP 2005-58858 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-314674 JP 2000-202368 A

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, is highly versatile and can be applied to a wide variety of products, can widen the separable range (object physical properties), can increase the number of separations in one process, and according to them It is possible to save labor for changing operating conditions, to save space, to have a high degree of design freedom, to reduce the required equipment configuration, and to reduce the time and cost required for installation and operation preparation. It is to provide a separating device that fills.

In order to solve the above-described problems, in the present invention, a vertical main column, an air supply port provided in a lower side wall of the main column, and a plurality of at least two or more different heights above the side wall are provided. A suction port provided at a position; a suction path through which a gas sucked from the suction port and an object to be taken in pass; and an inlet for charging the object from above the main column and dropping it by gravity; The at least two suction points have the ability to take in an object into the suction port by both the dynamic pressure by blowing air near the suction ports and the dynamic pressure by the gas sucked into the suction ports. A sorting device that can be adjusted differently depending on the mouth position, and is determined by the physical properties of the object that determines the drag acting on the object by the dynamic pressure among the objects to be gravity dropped near each of the suction ports. , the suction Forces acting in the direction to be taken within the, a heavy force exceeded that Target which act on the object by suction from the suction port, the object to be taken in each of the suction port, the physical properties It is characterized by sorting by difference .
Further, by aspirating from the airflow produced in the main column wherein the suction port by the air from the air supply port, the flow rate in the main column is changed before and after the suction opening, thereby determining the sorting capacity the It is characterized by changing both dynamic pressures .
Further, the flow rate and flow velocity of the air body to be sucked from the suction port, at least, the inner diameter of the suction port and the suction passage, the flow regulating valve, by adjusting the one suction unit output, is sucked into the suction port that dynamic pressure adjust by the gas, thereby characterized by changing the two dynamic pressure which determines the sorting capacity.
Further, the vertical angle of the suction port and the suction passage, and by adjusting the length of the suction passage, to allow adjusting the uptake rate and sorting accuracy of the object to be captured from the suction port Features.
Further, by inserting the main column to the pipe diameter is changed by site of, or stop one place or more, the inner diameter of the main column is changed by site, adjusting the dynamic pressure by the air supply in the vicinity suction port of the respective and thereby changing the two dynamic pressure which determines the sorting capacity, characterized in that can be adjusted to be different dynamic pressure at any site of the main column.
Further, (a dynamic pressure due to the suction by the suction port dynamic pressure by the air supply in the vicinity of the suction port, a basic that substantially equal) by adjusting the ratio of the two dynamic pressure, said suction port It is possible to adjust the take-in speed and sorting accuracy of the object to be taken in.
Further, the air supply amount from the air supply port of the main column, as the sum of the intake air amount of said plurality of suction ports is substantially coincident, the object inserted from the inlet of the main column top It is characterized in that it does not flow backward from the inlet.
Also characterized in that the air blown from the air supply port of the main column, the intake from the plurality of suction ports and to circulate.
Further, provided the flow control valve in at least one or more locations between the pump for suction and between the suction port and in the suction path of the pump for air in the air path between the air supply port, wherein It is characterized in that the amount of air supplied from the air supply port and the amount of intake air from each suction port can be adjusted.
Also characterized in that a braking mechanism to mitigate the falling velocity of the object in the main column.
Furthermore, it has one or more devices such as pumps and blowers for blowing and suction, has a flow rate adjusting mechanism such as a valve for adjusting the amount of air supply or intake, and airflow sucked from the suction port And a mechanism for separating the captured object and a mechanism for collecting and collecting the object.

In the present invention, compared with a conventional sorting machine using a vertical column, the pneumatic pressure (resistance to buoyancy due to gravity, buoyancy) and suction force can be individually adjusted, and the double sorting mechanism can be adjusted at a short distance. In addition, it was possible to install a plurality of sets in series in these approximate columns, making it possible to easily increase the number of sorting stages with a constant accuracy.
Further, in the present invention, even if the sorting is performed in multiple stages, it is possible to operate from a single blowing / suction (circulation) device by enabling operation with one system of blowing air to the column. The main column is basically one (one system), and the number of stages (number of sorting) can be increased and changed easily. Further, even after installation, not only the air intake / intake amount but also “throttle (width and length)” and the like can be easily and widely adjusted.
In addition, in the present invention, it is possible to reduce the number of devices that require power such as air blowing, and even when the number of stages is increased, the movement distance in the device due to air blowing of the object is small, so the air blowing / suction (circulation) device is downsized. , Energy can be saved, and operating costs are reduced.

It is the whole conceptual diagram of one Example of the sorting device of the present invention. It is the figure explaining the other example of arrangement | positioning of a pump and a flow regulating valve in the circulation system of the sorting device of FIG. It is the figure explaining the other example of arrangement | positioning of a pump and a flow regulating valve in the circulation system of the sorting device of FIG. Explanation of Principle of Sorting Device of the Present Invention 1: It is a diagram for explaining the principle when a suction path is attached in the horizontal direction. Explanation of Principle of Sorting Device of the Present Invention 1 ': It is a diagram for explaining the principle when the suction path is attached in the horizontal direction and the suction port is opened downward. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a case where the main column is further zigzag when the suction path of FIG. 5 is attached in the horizontal direction and the suction port is opened downward. Explanation of Principle of Sorting Device of the Present Invention 2: It is a diagram for explaining the principle when the suction path is attached in the downstream direction of the path upward from the horizontal. It is a figure explaining attraction | suction force adjustment by the flow regulating valve of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the adjustment example 1 of the dynamic pressure of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the adjustment example 2 (those with a diaphragm) of dynamic pressure of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the adjustment example 3 (throttle presence) of the dynamic pressure of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the adjustment example 2 '(throttle with) of the dynamic pressure of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the adjustment example 3 '(throttle presence) of the dynamic pressure of this invention. It is the figure which showed an example of the solid-gas separator of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating deceleration time and distance (necessary length of an aperture stop). It is a figure for demonstrating a braking mechanism (collection promotion aperture_diaphragm | restriction: 1). It is a figure for demonstrating a braking mechanism (collection promotion aperture_diaphragm | restriction: the 2). It is a figure for demonstrating a braking mechanism (plate). It is a figure for demonstrating a braking mechanism (a suction path serves as a braking mechanism). It is a figure for demonstrating a braking mechanism (comb shape, perforation). It is a figure explaining an example of the rectification | straightening mechanism of the main column. It is a figure for demonstrating the sorting example (the 1) using the simulation sample with the sorting device of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the sorting example (the 2) using the simulation sample with the sorting device of this invention.

An overall conceptual diagram of one embodiment of the sorting apparatus of the present invention is shown in FIG.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a main column. When there is no air flow inside the main column, an object (particles) is placed inside the column from any position or input port in the column at the same height as all the suction ports. If there are no recesses, protrusions, steps, etc. that reach the recovery tank provided at the lowest part of the column and cannot be dropped when dropped, It does not have to be, and the angle and curvature of the inner wall may not be uniform, may not be horizontal or vertical, the shape may change between positions in the vertical direction, or may be inclined. In addition, it must be designed so that the entry and exit of the atmosphere can be controlled during operation. An air supply port is provided below the side wall, and further, suction ports are provided above the side wall at a plurality of positions having different heights from the input port. Moreover, you may provide the aperture | diaphragm | restriction mentioned later mentioned, and the aperture_diaphragm | restriction which partially narrows an internal diameter according to the law of mass conservation, and raises the flow velocity to one place or multiple places. In order to control the air flow such as the flow velocity, it is preferable that the inner diameter or the cross-sectional area can be freely changed by exchanging or adjusting the throttle or the main column itself at an arbitrary position. The inner wall is preferably smooth so as not to catch the object, and may be provided with a static electricity removing function for preventing electrostatic adhesion and a dehumidifying and drying function for preventing adhesion due to moisture.
Reference numeral 2 denotes an input port for supplying an object (particles) for sorting and collection into the apparatus. The input port is preferably open so that the object (particles) can be continuously input. In order to prevent the object from flowing backward and being discharged from the opening due to the outflow of the airflow, the mechanism and structure do not cause the airflow from the air supply port to flow out. For example, an object to be thrown in and a set of equipment related to the throwing are placed in an airtight container or the like, and the air inlet is connected to the container with the airtightness maintained, or an airflow is discharged to the inlet. A rotary valve is provided to prevent the object from being introduced through the inlet, or the inlet is installed at a position higher than all the suction ports, and all the airflow from the air supply port is sucked by the suction ports. It is sufficient to prevent the airflow from flowing out from the inlet. In addition, the shape can be freely selected by, for example, installing a chute at the charging port so that an apparatus such as a belt conveyor for continuously charging objects (particles) can be used.

Reference numerals 3a to 3d denote sorting / collecting mechanisms. In the present apparatus, a sorting action and a collecting action based on the principle described later are provided in the vicinity of each suction port in the apparatus. These actions are provided in the same number as the suction ports, and are defined as “selection / recovery mechanism” as a general term for the parts involved in the selection and recovery of each position. This device has two or more sorting / recovery mechanisms, and collects objects at the maximum (sorting) depending on whether they are collected by any sorting / collecting mechanism or not collected by any of these mechanisms. -It has a function of distributing to the number of collection mechanisms + 1).
4a to 4d are solid-gas separators, and the object sucked from the suction port is separated from the airflow by the solid-gas separator through the suction path and is collected into the recovery tanks 17a to 17d connected to the solid-gas separator. Collected. The solid-gas separator can be a cyclone, a recovery trap that drops by gravity in the tank and reduces it by reducing the flow velocity by increasing the diameter of the flow path, etc., and is not limited to these. . Note that the bottom of the main column 1 is also used as the recovery tank 17e. Furthermore, the recovery tank is equipped with a discharge mechanism for discharging the object outside the apparatus during operation of the apparatus (single, intermittent or continuous at any timing) without adversely affecting the circulation system described later. However, the recovery tank itself may be replaced with the discharge mechanism.
The air supply port 8 is connected to the blower via the air supply path 9 and may be provided at one place or at a plurality of places for the purpose of rectifying the air flow in the main column. A vent may be provided between the suction ports. A flow rate adjusting valve 5e, a flow rate / velocity meter 7e, atmospheric release valves 18e to 18f, a filter, and the like may be installed in the air supply path. It is preferable that the air supply amount can be adjusted by the output of the blower or the valve. As a blower, pump 6e, a blower, etc. can be utilized, and it is not restricted to these.
The suction ports 15a to 15d are connected to a suction machine via suction paths 16a to 16d. In addition to the above solid-gas separator, flow rate adjusting valves 5a to 5d, flow rate / velocimeters 7a to 7d, air release valves 18a to 18d, filters, and the like may be installed in the suction path. It is preferable that the intake air amount can be adjusted by the output of the suction machine and the valve. As the suction machine, pumps 6a to 6d, blowers and the like can be used, and the suction machine is not limited to these.

The air supply system and the intake system are collectively referred to as a circulation system. As described above, the circulation system may be managed as a separate system by blowing and suction, or both systems may be connected so that the airflow circulates in the apparatus. Also, a device that can be used as both a blower and a suction device may be used, and therefore, it can be operated from a single blower / suction device.
Note that the air supply may be by natural intake from the opening associated with the suction force of the suction device with the air supply path being open to the atmosphere, and the intake air is not released from the air inlet to the air from the blower. It is also possible to replace the air flow by naturally exhausting from each suction port, and it is also possible to circulate through these atmospheres.
It is necessary to design such that the flow rate and flow rate of each air supply port and suction port can be adjusted by the blower / suction machine output, the flow rate adjustment valve, the diameter and length of the path, and the like.
Flow rate / velocimeters are used for diversion adjustment, but especially in areas where objects pass, they are installed so that there is no adverse effect on sorting performance, or they are designed so that they can be retracted to positions that are not affected during sorting operations. It is preferable (see 7f-7i).
In addition, the filter is preferably designed so as to make the negative pressure as small as possible, particularly when the air flow is circulated.
In the apparatus of FIG. 1, the amount of air supplied from below the main column and the total amount of intake air from each suction port substantially coincide with each other, and there is no exhaust from the inlet at the top of the column. The design is such that A + B + C + D = E so that the material does not flow backward from the inlet, but is not limited thereto.
Although FIG. 1 shows the case where there are four suction ports, two or more suction ports can be provided.

  2 to 3 are diagrams for explaining other arrangement examples of the circulation system pump and the flow rate adjusting valve according to the present invention. In FIG. 2, the four intake pumps in FIG. 1 are omitted. Then, it is the structure which abbreviate | omitted one pump for air_supply in FIG.

(Explanation of the principle of the present invention 1: when the suction path is attached in the horizontal direction)
An object thrown into the main column from the inlet at the upper part of the main column collides with an air flow from the air inlet provided at the lower part of the main column.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the principle of the sorting apparatus of the present invention (when the suction path is attached in the horizontal direction).
As shown in FIG. 4, the suction path is horizontally attached to the side wall of the main column. A part of the gas (arrow 1) blown from the lower side of the main column is sucked from the suction port (arrow 2) and the rest is sent to the upper side of the main column (arrow 3). At this time, the gravity (indicated by Fg) that acts when an object of mass a1 [kg] (indicated by a black circle in the figure) falls by gravity is approximately Fg = 9.8 × a1 [N]
It becomes. On the other hand, the drag (D) of the main force received from the air-feeding gas acting on the object that falls by gravity is:
D = ρ × V ² ÷ 2 × s × C _D
(Representative area of the relative velocity, s is the object of ρ is the density of the fluid, V is the object, C _D is anti force factor)
At this time,
The dynamic pressure based on the air flow of arrow 1 is p1 [Pa].
The dynamic pressure based on the blowing (suction) of the arrow 2 is p2 [Pa].
The dynamic pressure based on the air blown by the arrow 3 is p3 [Pa].
Assuming that the dynamic pressure of the air current is the representative area with respect to gravity and the drag coefficient is 1, the force based on the air flow at the positions indicated by arrows 1 and 3 acting on the object (represented by F1 and F3) ) Is substantially equal since (ρ × V ² ÷ 2) in the drag equation matches the dynamic pressure,
F1 = p1 × s [N]
F3 = p3 × s [N]
The force (represented by F2) based on the suction of the arrow 2 acting on the falling object is
F2 = p2 × s [N]
It becomes. In addition to the drag, there is buoyancy as a force acting on the object. For example, when the airflow is air and the specific gravity of the object is about 1, the gravity is extremely small as follows. Can be considered.
(If the object has a specific gravity of 1 (density: 1 [g / cm ³ ], 1000 [kg / m ³ ]), the buoyancy of air is 20 ° C. at atmospheric pressure (air density: 1.205 [kg / m ^3]. ]), The (buoyancy / gravity) ratio is extremely small (1.205 / 1000).
Therefore, the condition of the following equation (1) is considered.
F3 ≦ Fg <F1 (1)
Basically, in the case of the relationship of formula (1), the object is collected from the suction port. However, the airflow and dynamic pressure in the apparatus are affected by the object distribution and the like. Since the local state is fluid, it has a certain degree of redundancy and may operate even if there is a slight misalignment.
Also, in the case of the relationship of the following formula (2), it is not in the relationship of the formula (1), and when the relationship of the following formula (1) 'is met, the drop falls to a position far from the suction port where the suction force is weak In such a case, an object that is not collected is not preferable because the probability that the object is collected when dropped near a suction port having a strong suction force is increased.
F2> F1 (2)
Fg ≧ F1 (1) ′

(Description of the principle of the present invention 1 ': When the suction path is attached in the horizontal direction and the suction port is opened downward)
5 and 6 are diagrams for explaining the case where the suction port is further opened downward in the explanation 1 of the principle of the present invention (when the suction path is attached in the horizontal direction).
When the suction port is open vertically (see Fig. 4) or upward in the main column, the target object collides with the target object or the inner wall of the column and falls in a zigzag or near the suction port In the case of falling, there is a possibility that a relatively heavy (large) object that is not originally in the relationship of the expression (1) and is not intended to be recovered as described above may be recovered by directly falling into the suction port ( (See the left figure in FIG. 5 and the left figure in FIG. 6). Therefore, by installing the suction port so as to open downward from the vertical (see the central view in FIG. 5, the right view, and the right view in FIG. 6), the heavy (large) object that is not intended to be collected is Thus, it is possible to obtain the effect of preventing the unintentional collection by entering the suction port for some reason. Therefore, the sorting accuracy may be improved by installing the suction port so as to open downward.

(Description of the principle of the present invention 2: When the suction path is attached to the downstream side of the path upward from the horizontal)
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the principle of the sorting apparatus according to the present invention (when the suction path is attached to the path downstream side upward from the horizontal).
If the suction path from the suction port to the recovery mechanism (solid-gas separator) is connected horizontally or downstream in the downstream direction of the path, the target object collides with the target object or the inner wall of the column and moves through the column. When falling in a zigzag or near the suction port, a relatively heavy (large) object that is not originally in the relationship of formula (1) and is not intended to be collected enters the suction port directly and is collected. There is a possibility. Therefore, an action of pulling back (falling) into the main column from the suction path by gravity can be added by setting the suction path upward in the downstream direction of the path from the horizontal. That is, when a sorting function (second sorting function) is given to the suction port and the suction path, and the heavy (large) object that is not intended to be collected enters the suction port for some reason as described above. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an effect of selecting the object and preventing unintentional collection. Therefore, the sorting accuracy may be improved by setting the suction path upward in the circuit downstream direction from the horizontal. However, in this case, in addition to the above formulas (1) and (2), the following formula (3) is added so that the object does not stay around the suction port or in the suction path,
F1≈F2 (more precisely, the vertical component of F2) (3)
It is desirable that This is because, in the case of F1> F2, there is a possibility that an object that does not fall but is not sucked may be generated. (F1 <F2 is not preferable because there is a possibility of unintentional recovery as in the explanation in the explanation 1 of the above principle.)

(Adjustment mechanism of suction force (dynamic pressure))
The output of the suction machine (pump) connected to each suction path, the flow rate and speed (dynamic pressure) of the sucked air can be adjusted by the diameter and length of the suction port and suction path. In addition, the use of a regulating valve is preferable in terms of operation because of the high degree of freedom of adjustment. As shown in FIG. 8, if the flow rate adjusting valves (10a to 10d) are used, the flow rate is adjusted by the opening of the flow rate adjusting valve even if the suction path (16a to 16d) is constant, and suction is performed at the suction ports (15a to 15d). The speed (dynamic pressure) of the generated airflow can be adjusted, and fine adjustment during operation is also possible.

(Adjustment of dynamic pressure)
The dynamic pressure is a function of the flow rate as shown in the following equation, and the selectivity can be adjusted by the flow rate.
Pv = V ² ÷ 2 × ρ
Here, Pv: dynamic pressure [Pa], V: flow velocity [m / s], and ρ: density [kg / m ³ ].
The flow velocity has the following relationship, and can be adjusted by the path cross-sectional area when the flow rate is constant.
Q = VS
Here, Q: flow rate [m ³ ], S: cross-sectional area [m ² ].

(Adjustment example 1)
FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an adjustment example 1 which is an example of dynamic pressure adjustment. In the example of FIG. 9, when there is no restriction, the main column is cylindrical, and there are two sorting / collecting mechanisms that are arranged in tandem, the lower flow rate Q1 and the cross-sectional area S1 are defined as shown. The remaining conditions are automatically determined by equalizing the dynamic pressures of the suction and supply airflows.
That is,
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
Q3 = Q4 + Q5
If the inner diameters of the suction ports (15-2) and (15-4) are the same, the cross-sectional areas S2 and S4 are also equal S2 = S4
It becomes.
In the lower sorting / collecting mechanism 1, the main column flow rate Q1, flow velocity V1, and cross-sectional area S1 on the lower side of the sorting / collecting mechanism 1 are
Q1: 10, V1: 1, S1: 10, S2: 1
If
S1 = S3 = S5
V1 = V2, V3 = V4 (from the relationship of the above expression (3))
Therefore, from these relationships, Q1 to Q5, V1 to V5, and S1 to S5 are as shown in Table 1 below.

(Adjustment example 2)
FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the adjustment example 2. The difference from the adjustment example 1 of FIG. 9 is that the inner diameter of the main column is made thinner under the suction ports (15-2) and (15-4). Only the apertures (14-1) and (14-3) (both described with the aperture having a cross-sectional area halved) are introduced, and the other configuration is the same as that of the adjustment example 1 in FIG. 9.
As in Adjustment Example 1 above, Q1 = Q2 + Q3
Q3 = Q4 + Q5
If the inner diameters of the suction ports (15-2) and (15-4) are the same, the cross-sectional areas S2 and S4 are also equal S2 = S4
It becomes.
If the lower sorting / collecting mechanism 1 and the upper sorting / collecting mechanism 2 are provided with the same apertures (14-1) and (14-3) (both will be described with apertures that halve the cross-sectional area), In the lower sorting / collecting mechanism 1, the main column flow rate Q1, flow velocity V1, and cross-sectional area S1 on the lower side of the sorting / collecting mechanism 1 are
Q1: 10, V1: 2, S1: 5, S2: 1
If
S1 = S3 = S5
V1 = V2, V3 = V4 (from the relationship of the above equation (3))
Therefore, from these relationships, Q1 to Q5, V1 to V5, and S1 to S5 are as shown in Table 2 below.

  In the adjustment example 2, even if the air supply amount is constant, the dynamic pressure in the sorting / recovery mechanism is increased by introducing a throttle, and an object having a larger momentum can be recovered. In addition, there is an effect of increasing the selection pressure by increasing the dynamic pressure difference before and after throttling.

(Adjustment Example 3)
FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining an adjustment example 3. Like the adjustment example 2 of FIG. 10, a throttle (in which the inner diameter of the main column is made narrower under the suction ports (15-2) and (15-4) ( 14-1) and (14-3) are provided, but only the diaphragm (14-1) is a diaphragm whose sectional area is halved. In the third adjustment example, the upper and lower sorting / collecting mechanisms 1 and 2 are adjusted so as to have the same sortability.
Similar to adjustment examples 1 and 2 above Q1 = Q2 + Q3
Q3 = Q4 + Q5
If the inner diameters of the suction ports (15-2) and (15-4) are the same, the cross-sectional areas S2 and S4 are also equal S2 = S4
It becomes.
Assuming that the flow velocity V is constant so that the upper and lower sorting / collecting mechanisms 1 and 2 have the same sortability, the lower sorting / collecting mechanism 1 uses the main column below the sorting / collecting mechanism 1. Flow rate Q1, flow velocity V1, and cross-sectional area S1,
Q1: 10, V1: 2, S1: 5, S2: 1
In this case, as shown in Table 3 below, the upper sorting / collecting mechanism 2 can be designed and adjusted. In other words, the same object can be recovered by appropriately adjusting the throttle with the sorting / collecting mechanisms 1 and 2 using columns of the same diameter. Thereby, the sorting accuracy and recovery rate of the same species can be improved.

In the adjustment examples 2 and 3, the example using the diaphragm is shown. However, the diaphragm has the effect of rectification, and also has the effect of preventing the selection error by making the dynamic pressure constant.
In the adjustment examples 2 and 3 using the restriction, the flow rate Q at the restriction part is equal to the flow rate Q ′ immediately below the restriction, but the cross-sectional area S is different, so the flow velocity V is different. If you want to know, adjust and design as shown in Adjustment Example 2 ′ (FIG. 12, Table 4) and Adjustment Example 3 ′ (FIG. 13, Table 5) as in Adjustment Examples 2 and 3. Can do.

(Adjustment example 2 ')
The adjustment example 2 ′ shown in FIG. 12 is under the same conditions as the adjustment example 2 described above, and the flow rates at the throttle are Q1, Q2, and Q3, and the flow rates immediately below the throttle are the flow rates Q1 ′, Q3 ′, and Q5 ′. Then, it becomes as shown in the following Table 4 similarly to the adjustment example 2.

(Adjustment example 3 ')
The adjustment example 3 ′ shown in FIG. 13 is under the same conditions as the adjustment example 3 described above, and the flow rates at the throttle are Q1, Q2, and Q3, and the flow rates immediately below the throttle are Q1 ′, Q3 ′, and Q5 ′. Then, it becomes as shown in the following Table 5 similarly to the adjustment example 3.

  FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a solid-gas separator, and an object sucked from a suction port is separated from an air current by a solid-gas separator via a suction path and collected in a collection tank. A shorter suction path is preferable because the negative pressure acting on the suction machine can be reduced. A particle trap, a cyclone or the like may be used as the solid-gas separator. In FIG. 14, a solid recovery valve (rotary valve or the like) is employed as a discharge mechanism for discharging the object out of the apparatus.

(Example of sorting by the sorting apparatus of the present invention)
The basic operation of the six mixed samples shown in Table 6 below was confirmed using the sorting device of the present invention having the five distribution configuration (five distribution of the collection tanks a to e) shown in FIG. Table 6 shows sample types and processing results.

  Two types of plastic beads having different sizes (weights) were recovered in the same particle recovery tank c. In Table 6, the specific gravity is considered to be a determining factor. In addition, it is also considered that the shape on the board affects the paper. When two types of plastic beads were regarded as one type and the largest number of particle recovery tanks for each sample were used as useful fractions, the separation efficiency was 85% or more in each case, although it was calculated based on the number. In addition, when processing 2 size mixed glass beads with an average diameter of 1 mm and 2 mm, the particle recovery tank d is treated as an effective fraction of 2 mm with a separation efficiency of 78% on a weight basis, and operates as a sorting (classifying) device. It was confirmed.

(Deceleration time and distance: Required aperture length: Braking mechanism)
The deceleration time and distance, that is, the required length of the diaphragm will be described below with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 15, consider a case where an object that has fallen from the inlet at the top of the column turns from falling to rising at the throttle portion and is sucked from the suction port. In the figure, there is a boundary line where the force F1 based on the air source acting on the object falling near the suction port center position and the gravity Fg is F1 = Fg, and below that, F1 (> Fg) is assumed to be constant. Then, if the falling speed at the boundary position is v0, the motion of the object is solved by solving the equation of motion when the object of mass M receives the upward uniform acceleration (F1-Fg) at the initial speed v0 downward. Therefore, from the time until the speed becomes 0 (turns from falling to rising), it is possible to obtain the falling distance necessary to start rising. If the aperture is not longer than the required fall distance determined in this way, the aperture cannot be lifted at the aperture portion and falls through the aperture.

In addition to adjusting the dynamic pressure, the throttle also has the effect of saving time and distance in the recovery operation in which the object accelerates the deceleration of the falling speed in the vicinity of the recovery mechanism. The diaphragm specialized for the effect (braking mechanism) is referred to as a collection promotion diaphragm here, and it is possible to use only the collection promotion diaphragm (see FIG. 16) or overlap with a normal diaphragm (see FIG. 17).
As described above, the object is recovered from the suction port when the expression (1) is satisfied, but the falling object is accelerated upward after reaching the area where the expression (1) is satisfied. A certain amount of time is required for deceleration. The higher the dynamic pressure, the faster the deceleration. Therefore, it is more effective to select a diaphragm having a small inner diameter within a range that does not affect the sortability. If the length of the diaphragm is calculated based on this deceleration time, only the objects satisfying F1, F1m (recovery acceleration throttle position)> Fg are collected, and the exception F1 < An object satisfying Fg ≦ F1m can be adjusted so that it is not collected in the same manner as an object satisfying F1 and F1m <Fg.

Sorting accuracy can be improved by installing a braking mechanism in the main column that causes the falling object to collide to reduce or equalize the falling speed of the object and to guide it to the suction port. There is a case. A suction path extending into the main column can also serve as this.
Especially when the dynamic pressure is adjusted to be high by using a restriction, even for the same object, only the object that has dropped the main column without the external cause due to the difference in the external cause such as collision with the inner wall. However, there is a possibility that the distance of deceleration is insufficient, and it is not collected after passing through the throttle portion, resulting in an error in sorting performance. In addition, there is a possibility that an object existing in the throttle portion that has already been decelerated is accelerated downward by the collision of an object that has fallen at another high speed and similarly passes through the throttle portion. The braking mechanism has an effect of preventing the error, and thereby, without reducing the selection accuracy, it is possible to effectively use a short aperture to save more space or increase the number of stages in a certain space. It becomes possible. When the brake mechanism narrows the inner diameter of the main column, the brake mechanism has the above-described throttling effect, so it is necessary to have a structure and configuration that do not adversely affect the sorting performance.
For example, as described above, the mechanism is thinned so that the distance contributing to deceleration is shortened, or the structure is meshed, comb-shaped, porous, etc., and necessary airflow passages are secured.
In addition, the probability that the target object collides with each device surface or other target object is increased by these mechanisms, and thereby, the elimination of adhesion or entanglement between the target objects may be promoted.
FIG. 18 shows a braking mechanism using a mesh plate, FIG. 19 shows a case where a suction path extending into the main column also serves as a braking mechanism, and FIG. 20 shows a comb-shaped or porous braking mechanism.

(Rectifying mechanism)
The main column may have a rectifying mechanism for preventing unintended airflow (vortex, turbulence, non-uniform distribution, etc.). FIG. 21 shows a rectifying mechanism (rectifying plate provided parallel to the column central axis direction) provided on the inner wall of the main column.

(Selection example using simulated samples)
22 and 23 schematically show the state of selection using a simulated sample. Tables 7 and 8 show the details of each processing condition and selection status. As a precondition, the air current is not discharged from the uppermost end of the main column, the object is dropped from the uppermost end, and the object is airflow (a: 0.5, b: 1.5, c: 2. 5, d: 3.5, e: 4.5, f: 5.5, g: 6.5, h: 7.5) It was.
22 and Table 7 without throttling 1 are the conditions for even collection in a total of eight collecting tanks without using throttling, and no throttling 2 in FIG. 22 and Table 7 is suctioning without using throttling. The conditions for making the mouth (suction path) diameters equal except for the uppermost stage are as follows. With the restriction 1 shown in FIG. 22 and Table 7, all the suction port (suction path) diameters are equal and the total of eight collection tanks is equal. The conditions for recovery are shown in
23 and Table 8 with no aperture 3, no aperture 4 and with aperture 2 are the 7 to 4 locations of the suction mechanism based on the conditions of no aperture 1, no aperture 2 and 1 with aperture in FIG. 22 and Table 7 above. Although the case of reducing is shown, the same result is obtained. In this way, by introducing the “diaphragm”, it is possible to increase the degree of freedom of the control method, the device design, and the selection system.
Further, as shown in FIG. 22 and Table 7 with a restriction 1, and FIG. 23 and Table 8 with a restriction 2, the use of a restriction makes it possible to obtain the same sortability with a smaller air flow rate. Thus, the energy consumption can be reduced.

The sorting apparatus of the present invention is multi-staged and widens the sorting range, so that it is possible to process not only multi-product sorting but also small product sorting without adjusting to optimum conditions one by one.
Examples of objects include chips used for substrates of electrical and electronic devices with different compositions, shredder dust, metal (light / heavy), glass, alumina, ceramics, plastic, PVC, rigid plastic, rubber, Nylon, fiber waste, urethane, soft resin, etc. can be used in a wide range.

1 Main column 2 Input port 3 Sorting / recovery mechanism 4 Solid-gas separator 5 Flow control valve 6 Pump 7 Flow meter, Current meter 8 Air supply port 9 Route to the air supply port (air supply route)
10 Flow control valve 11 Column 12 Sorting / collecting mechanism 1
13 Sorting / collecting mechanism 2
14 Squeezing 15 in the sorting / collecting mechanism 15 Suction port 16 Route to the suction port and solid-gas separator (suction route)
17 Recovery tank 18 Air release valve Q1 14-1 part Air volume Q2 16-2 part air quantity Q3 14-3 part column air quantity Q4 16-4 part air quantity S1 14-1 part cross section area S2 15-2 cross section S3 cross section S4 in the 14-3 part column cross section V1 15-4 cross section V1 14-1 part flow velocity V2 16-2 flow velocity V3 14-3 parts flow velocity V4 16 in the column -4 flow velocity

Claims (8)

A vertical main column;
A loading port for dropping a plurality of properties from above the main column and dropping it by gravity;
An air supply port provided in a lower side wall of the main column;
A blowing means for blowing air from the air supply port;
A suction port provided at at least two positions having different heights between the air supply port and the input port;
A suction path extending horizontally from the suction port connected to each of the suction ports provided in the at least two positions;
A suction means for sucking the objects having the plurality of properties into the suction path from the suction port;
Solid-gas separation means provided in the suction path and for collecting the sucked objects of the plurality of properties;
With
The objects having the plurality of properties are granules or pieces with different drag coefficients, cross-sectional areas or masses,
The suction port has a lower first suction port and an upper second suction port,
At a position in the main column of the first suction port, a drag force due to a dynamic pressure p1 determined by a flow rate of air blown from below is applied to the object having the first property among the plurality of properties, F1, F2 is the drag due to the dynamic pressure p2 determined by the flow velocity of the airflow of suction at the first suction port, F3 is the drag due to the dynamic pressure p3 determined by the flow velocity of the air blown upward in the main column above the first suction port Let Fg ₁ be such that F3 and Fg ₁ are balanced (where Fg ₁ is less than F1); and
At the position of the second suction port in the main column, the drag due to the dynamic pressure p1 ′ determined by the flow rate of the blown air from below is applied to the object of the second property among the plurality of properties F1 ′. F2 ′ represents the drag due to the dynamic pressure determined by the flow velocity of the suction air flow at the second suction port, and F3 represents the drag due to the dynamic pressure p3 ′ determined by the flow velocity of the air blown above the second suction port in the main column. ' And let gravity be Fg ₂ so that F3' and Fg ₂ are in balance (where Fg ₂ is less than F1 '); and
So that the first and second suction objects are sucked into the first and second suction paths by the drags F2 and F2 ′, respectively, at the first and second suction ports;
Adjusting the flow rate of the air flow by the blowing unit and adjusting the flow rate of the air flow of the suction of the first and second suction ports by the suction unit;
The dynamic pressure p3 ′ is smaller than the dynamic pressure p3, and the object having the second property is such that the drag and the gravity are balanced by the airflow at a lower flow velocity than the object having the first property. A sorting device. Adjusting the flow velocity of the suction air flow sucked from the first or second suction port by at least one of the inner diameter of the suction port, the inner diameter of the suction path, the flow rate adjusting valve, and the output of the suction means, The sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein dynamic pressure due to gas sucked into the suction port is adjusted . The main column further includes a portion that changes the tube diameter in at least one place,
3. The sorting device according to claim 1, wherein a dynamic pressure p <b> 1 or a dynamic pressure p <b> 2 determined by a flow rate of the air blown from below is adjusted at a position in the main column of the first or second suction port. . The sorting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the portion that changes the tube diameter is a diaphragm . The target introduced from the inlet at the top of the main column so that the amount of air supplied from the air inlet of the main column matches the total amount of intake air from the first and second suction ports The sorting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an object is prevented from flowing back and discharged from the charging port . 6. The sorting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the air blown from the air supply port of the main column and the airflow of suction from the first and second suction ports are circulated . A flow rate adjusting valve is provided in at least one of the air supply path and the suction path between the air blowing means and the air supply port;
The sorting device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an air supply amount from the air supply port or an intake air amount from the first or second suction port can be adjusted . The sorting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a braking mechanism for relaxing a falling speed of the object in the main column .

Images