JPH0751626A - Air classification method and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To classify a mixture of lighweight, mediumweight and heavyweight materials into each of them to recover it with a high rate of classification by reducing the volume of air flowing in a vertical zigzag passage in steps, feeding a mixture of materials of different specific gravity and separating and recovering materials to be treated of specific gravity determined according to the air volume. CONSTITUTION:A material to be treated, such as a crushed refrigerator is thrown in a throw-in hole 1 of a vertical zigzag passage 3 and the wind froman air sending port 2 is adjusted by air vent valves 4A, 4B so that it may be weaker as it goes upward. The wind velocity from the air vent valve 4B to a discharge port 10 is lowered so that obly the lightweight material may fly by it, and the lightweight material, such as a foamable insulant flying by the wind velocity is separated and recovered in an utmost lightweight material recovery pocket 5. That which has not been recovered falls through a material to be treated guide pass 9A, and only the plate- shaped plastics flies by the wind velocuty there and are separated and recovered in the 1st mediumweight material recovery pocket 6. Similarly, light metal and not flying heavy metal which do not fly are separated and recovered in the 2nd mediumweight material recovery pocket 7 and an utmost heabyweight material recovery pocket 8 respectively.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for separating a mixture of a light weight, a heavy weight and an intermediate heavy weight, and particularly to a mixture containing a foamed heat insulating material and a plastic having a plate shape when a refrigerator or the like is crushed. The present invention relates to a classification method and device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Although a horizontal wind power sorter as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 61-204683 can sort heavy objects with high purity, the shape of crushed pieces is not focused on.
In other words, in the case of a plate-shaped plastic plate, if the surface of the plastic plate is oriented perpendicular to the wind, it will fly as easily as a lightweight object such as foam insulation, and conversely the surface of the plastic plate will be parallel to the wind. If it is suitable for, it will be extremely difficult to jump, so it will not be possible to properly separate light and intermediate heavy materials.

Further, the conventional zigzag road type sorting machine as shown in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 62-1791 can sort only into two kinds of heavy objects and light objects. To sort into plural kinds, a zigzag blower is used. It is not suitable when it is necessary to combine a two-stage or a three-stage, and it is necessary to separate a mixture of a lightweight material, an intermediate weight material, and a heavy material.

[0004]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] When attempting to separate a mixture of a foamed heat insulating material, a plastic having a plate-like shape, and a light heavy metal when a refrigerator or the like is roughly crushed by the above horizontal wind power sorter, foaming is performed. In separating the heat insulating material and the plate-like plastic, the former has a smaller specific gravity, but the plate-like plastic tends to fly depending on the direction to the wind, so the foam insulating material and the plate-like plastic are not well separated, There was a problem in that most of the plastic plastic mixes into the foam insulation recovery side.

When it is attempted to separate a mixture of a foam insulation material, a plate-shaped plastic and a light heavy metal when a refrigerator or the like is roughly crushed by the above-mentioned zigzag road type wind sorter, only two kinds, a lightweight one and a heavy one, are used. Since it cannot be separated, heavy metals (or foam insulation) are separated in the first stage, light metals (or plate-like plastics) are separated in the second stage, and third
As a step, it was necessary to separate the plate-shaped plastic and the foamed heat insulating material (or light metal and heavy metal) in several steps.

The object of the present invention is to solve such problems, and after roughly crushing a refrigerator or the like using a foamed heat insulating material, a high fractionation rate from a mixture of foamed heat insulating material, plate-shaped plastic and light heavy metals. An object of the present invention is to provide a separation method and device for separating and collecting each.

[0007]

[Means for Solving the Problems] When a refrigerator or the like using a foamed heat insulating material is roughly crushed, the shape of the crushed pieces is a plate-like plastic, a lumpy foamed heat insulating material, and metals. And the difference in specific gravity are utilized to the maximum, and the separation is achieved by providing an air relief valve at a bent portion in the middle of the zigzag path of a wind power sorter having a zigzag path in the longitudinal direction.

[0008]

In the zigzag road type wind power sorter of the present invention, an air relief valve is provided at the bent portion of the zigzag path from the lower air blow port to the upper air blow port, and it is attached to the air blow port at the bottom of the wind power sorter. A part of the wind sent from the blower escapes through the air relief valves at various points in the bent portion of the zigzag road, so that the wind speed is weakened toward the upper part of the zigzag road.

After being roughly crushed, the mixture of the foamed heat insulating material, the plate-shaped plastic and the light and heavy metals is foamed by the adjustment of the air relief valve when introduced from the upper introduction port of the zigzag road type wind power sorter of the present invention. The foamed insulation is separated and collected by the wind weakened to the extent that only the insulation is scattered. At this time, if the plastic surface of the plate-shaped plastic is vertical to the wind, the plate-shaped plastic easily fly like the foamed heat insulating material, but falls on the slope of the zigzag road due to its own weight. Since the dropped plate-shaped plastic slides down the slope, it will not mix into the foam insulation recovery side. The mixture of plate-shaped plastic and light heavy metals passes through the object guide path, and then receives the wind to the extent that only the plate-shaped plastic scatters, and the plate-shaped plastic is separated and collected. The mixture of light and heavy metals passes through the workpiece guide path, and is further subjected to wind to the extent that only the light metal is scattered, and the light metal is separated and collected. Heavy metals with a large specific gravity do not scatter and fall and are collected separately.

[0010]

FIG. 1 shows a zigzag road type wind power sorter according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an input port for an object to be processed such as a crushed refrigerator, which is input by a fixed amount by connecting a rotary valve. A blower port 2 is connected to an external blower.
3 is a zigzag road, and the one with light specific gravity is blown up to the upper part,
Metals with a high specific gravity fall. Even if the plate-shaped plastic that flies significantly depending on the direction of the wind is blown,
It falls on the zigzag road slope due to its own weight and slides down the slope. 4A and 4B are air relief valves provided at the bent portion of the zigzag path from the lower air outlet to the upper air outlet to reduce the wind speed as the zigzag path goes to the upper part. 5 is a pocket for collecting the lightest material such as foam insulation, 6 is a pocket for collecting the first intermediate heavy material such as plate-like plastic, and 7 is a second pocket for the light metal.
The intermediate heavy material recovery pocket 8 is a heavy metal recovery pocket. Reference numerals 9A and 9B denote object guide paths through which non-scattered objects fall. 10 is an exhaust port. A dust collector 11 collects air from the air relief valves 4A, 4B and the exhaust port 10. Reference numeral 12 is a net that collects the object to be processed and creates only an air flow. An object to be treated such as a crushed refrigerator is put into a zigzag path which is a sorting section from a charging port 1 through a rotary valve. The wind blown from the blower connected to the blower port 2 is adjusted by the air relief valves 4A and 4B so that the wind speed becomes weaker toward the upper part of the zigzag path.

The wind speed of the zigzag path from the air relief valve 4A to the upper exhaust port is weakened by the adjustment of the air relief valves 4A and 4B to the wind velocity at which only lightweight materials such as foam insulation material scatter, and at that wind speed The light-weight materials such as the foamed heat insulating material are separately collected in the lightest-weight material recovery pocket 5. At this time, if the plastic surface of the plate-shaped plastic is perpendicular to the wind, it will fly as easily as the foam insulation material, but the plate-shaped plastic that has fallen to the slope of the zigzag road due to its own weight will slide down the slope and will be the maximum. Do not mix in the light weight recovery pocket 5. Items other than light items that have not been collected in the lightest item recovery pocket 5 (plate-shaped plastics, light heavy metals, etc.) pass through the object guide passage 9A and fall on the zigzag road slope between the air relief valves 4A and 4B. . The wind speed between the air relief valves 4A and 4B is adjusted by the air relief valve 4B to the wind velocity at which only the plate-shaped plastic is scattered. At this wind speed, only the plate-shaped plastic scatters and is separately collected in the first intermediate heavy object recovery pocket 6. Further, the light and heavy metals that have not been recovered pass through the workpiece guide passage 9B and fall from the air escape valve 4A to the zigzag road slope between the blower ports 2. The wind speed between the air relief valve 4A and the air outlet 2 is set so that light metal is scattered,
The light metal is sorted and collected in the second intermediate heavy object collection pocket 7, and at this wind speed, the heavy metal that does not scatter is dropped and sorted and collected in the heaviest object collection pocket 8. Here, the specific gravity of the object recovered in the lightest object recovery pocket 5 is ρ ₁ ,
The specific gravity of the material collected in the first intermediate heavy material recovery pocket 6 is ρ ₂ , the specific gravity of the material recovered in the second intermediate heavy material recovery pocket 7 is ρ ₃ , and the specific gravity of the material recovered in the most heavy material recovery pocket 8 is If the specific gravity is ρ ₄ , their specific gravity is ρ ₁ <ρ ₂
<Ρ ₃ <ρ ₄ . In this way, separate collection from the lightest such as foam insulation, the first intermediate heavy such as plate-like plastic, the second intermediate heavy such as light metal, and the heavyest heavy such as heavy metal. You can

According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, FIG.
As shown in, by attaching the inlet to the bottom,
The wind speed of the zigzag path between the air vent valve 4B from the lower air outlet is set to a level at which heavy metal does not scatter, and the heavy metal or the like is collected in the heaviest object collection pocket 8. Next, the air escape valve 4B is used to adjust the wind speed so that the light metal does not scatter, and the light metal or the like is recovered in the second intermediate heavy object recovery pocket 7. Further, by the air relief valve 4A, the wind velocity is set so that the plate-shaped plastic does not scatter, and the plate-shaped plastic and the like are scattered into the first intermediate heavy object recovery pocket 6 and the foamed heat insulating material and the like are separated into the lightest-weight object recovery pocket 5, respectively. to recover.

In this way, even if the workpiece guide paths 9A and 9B shown in FIG. 1 are not provided, the loading port is attached to the lower part to sort the heavy objects (those that are less likely to scatter) into the respective pockets in order. It can also be collected.

A partial cross-sectional view of yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, an intermediate storage hopper 32 for processing objects and two slide gate valves (first valve 33, second valve 34) are provided at the inlet, and further,
A separated material intermediate recovery hopper and two slide gate valves (third valve and fourth valve) are provided at the separated material recovery port, and by switching the respective valves, it is possible to supply the object to be treated and recover the separated material. As a result, it is possible to supply the object to be treated and recover the separated matter without disturbing the air in the zigzag flow channel so much.

[0015]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, ultra-lightweight materials such as foam insulation materials contained in waste and light, medium, and heavy materials such as plastic, aluminum, and iron are mixed at high separation rates. Can be collected separately.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a sorting device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the sorting device according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view showing still another embodiment of the sorting device according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Input port, 2 ... Blow port, 3 ... Vertical zigzag path, 4A,
4B ... Air relief valve, 5, 6, 7, 8 ... Separated matter collection pocket, 9A, 9B ... Treated object guide path, 10 ... Exhaust port, 11
... Dust collector, 12 ... Net, 21 ... Lightest weight (foam insulation, etc.), 22 ... First intermediate heavy weight (plastic, etc.), 23
... second intermediate heavy object (light metal etc.), 24 ... heaviest object (heavy metal etc.), 31 ... processed object storage hopper, 32 ... processed object intermediate storage hopper, 33 ... first valve, 34 ... second valve,
35 ... Intermediate collection hopper for separated substances, 36 ... Third valve, 37
… The fourth valve.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yoshiharu Uchiyama 794 Azuma Higashitoyo, Kudamatsu City, Yamaguchi Prefecture Stock company Hitachi Kasado Factory (72) Inventor Hiroaki Kobayashi 794 Azuma Higashitoyo, Yamaguchi Prefecture Stock Association Company Hitachi Ltd. Kasado factory

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. A method in which air is blown from one side in a closed channel and is sorted according to a difference in density or shape, the air is blown from the lower end of the channel bent in a zigzag shape in the vertical direction, and the amount of air flowing through the channel is varied. Of the specific gravity to be determined in accordance with the air volume at the flow channel position where the mixture of the objects with different specific gravities is supplied in the middle of the channel and the air volume is gradually reduced. How to sort. 2. The wind power classification method according to claim 1, wherein the object to be processed is supplied to the lower part of the zigzag flow path, the air volume is reduced toward the upper part, and the upper part having a large wind resistance is separated. 3. The wind power classification method according to claim 1, wherein the object to be processed is supplied to the upper part of the zigzag flow path, and the object is dropped on the slope of the zigzag flow path above the intermediate separated material take-out port for classification. 4. The wind power sorting method according to claim 1, wherein the workpieces are sorted in descending order of density from the bottom to the top. 5. The wind power classification method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a flat shape having a small wind resistance is sorted in a lower portion, and a mass shape having a large wind resistance is sorted in an upper portion. . 6. An apparatus for blowing air from one side of a closed flow path and for sorting according to the difference in density or shape, the air is blown from the lower end of the flow path bent in a zigzag shape in the vertical direction, and gas is supplied to the bent portion of the flow path. A wind power classification device in which an escape port is provided to reduce the air volume in stages, and an intermediate separated matter extraction port is provided in an inclined portion immediately below a bent portion of the zigzag flow path. 7. The wind force classification device according to claim 6, wherein the object to be treated is supplied to the lower part of the zigzag flow path, and the one having a larger wind resistance is separated toward the upper part. 8. The wind force sorting apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the workpiece is supplied to the upper portion of the zigzag flow path, and a guide path for dropping the workpiece is provided above the intermediate sorted material outlet. 9. The wind power sorting apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the processed material having a high density is sorted into a lower portion and the processed material having a low density is sorted into an upper portion. 10. The wind power sorter according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein a flat shape with a small wind resistance is flat in the lower portion, and a large wind resistance shape is a lump in the upper portion. . 11. The wind force sorter according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein a rotary valve is attached to the inlet of the object to be treated. 12. The wind force sorting device according to claim 6, wherein a rotary valve is attached to an outlet of the sorted product. 13. The wind power classification device according to claim 6, wherein a supply chamber partitioned by two valves is provided at an inlet of the object to be processed, and the supply is performed by switching the valves. 14. The wind force sorting apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a discharge chamber partitioned by two valves is provided at a take-out port of the sorted matter, and the waste is discharged by switching the valves. 15. An air passage which is inclined with respect to the vertical direction and has a bent portion in the middle thereof, wind generating means for generating an ascending wind that flows upward from below in the air passage, and the above-mentioned rising portion from the bent portion. An air volume setting means for discharging a part of the wind to make the air volume above and below the bent portion different in stages, an inlet for introducing a mixture to be separated into the ventilation passage, and an air outlet just below the bent portion. A second recovery pocket provided above or below the bent portion in order to recover a first recovery pocket provided and a separated product having a property different from that of the separated product recovered in the first recovery pocket. And a wind power classification device. 16. The wind power sorting apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the properties of the sorted material are density and / or shape.