JP6340366B2 - 運動ニューロン疾患を診断および処置する方法 - Google Patents
運動ニューロン疾患を診断および処置する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/425—Thiazoles
- A61K31/428—Thiazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
- A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
- A61K31/538—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Description
特許文献5は、細胞において対象となるポリヌクレオチドのサイレンシングをモジュレートする化合物を含む方法および組成物を開示している。かかる化合物は、適切なサイレンシング因子と組み合わせると、サイレンシング因子の標的ポリヌクレオチドのレベルをモジュレート(増大または低減)するために使用することができる。遺伝子発現のRNAi媒介による抑制を伴う治療、ならびに、対象ポリヌクレオチドの発現のモジュレーションの標的化を可能とするインビトロ法の両方で、かかる組成物を使用する方法が提供されている。このような化合物およびサイレンシング因子を含む医薬用または化粧用組成物も開示されている。異種サイレンシング因子の活性をモジュレートする能力について対象となる化合物をスクリーニングする方法も提供されている。追加の背景関連技術:特許文献6。
(i)全miRの発現、および任意選択により
(ii)全プレmiRの発現
を分析することを含み、
所定の閾値を超える(i)または(i)/(ii)の下方制御がMNDの指標となる、方法を提供する。
(i)miRの発現、および
(ii)miRの前駆体の発現
を分析するステップを含み、
所定の閾値を超える(i)/(ii)の下方制御がMNDの指標となる、方法を提供する。
(a)ALS患者またはALSモデルの運動ニューロンを、候補薬剤と接触させるステップと、
(b)ステップ(a)の前およびステップ(a)の後に、
(i)運動ニューロンにおける全miRの発現、および任意選択により
(ii)運動ニューロンにおける全プレmiRの発現
を分析するステップとを含み、
ステップ(a)の前と比較してステップ(a)の後の、所定の閾値を超える(i)または(i)/(ii)の上方制御が、候補化合物がMNDを処置するための治療剤であることの指標となる、方法を提供する。
単一のpri−miRNAは、1〜6種のmiRNA前駆体を含有し得る。これらのヘアピンループ構造は、それぞれ約70のヌクレオチドから構成される。各ヘアピンは、効率的なプロセシングに必要な配列に隣接している。pri−miRNAにおけるヘアピンの二本鎖RNA構造は、DiGeorge症候群に関連して命名されたDiGeorge Syndrome Critical Region 8(DGCR8または無脊椎動物の「Pasha」)として知られる核タンパク質によって認識される。DGCR8は、RNAを切断して「マイクロプロセッサ」複合体を形成するタンパク質である酵素ドローシャに関連している。この複合体において、DGCR8により、ドローシャの触媒RNase IIIドメインは、ヘアピン塩基から約11ヌクレオチド離れたRNAを切断することによってpri−miRNAからヘアピンを遊離するように方向付けられる(2つのらせん状RNAがステムに変わる)。得られた産物は、その3’末端に2つのヌクレオチドオーバーハングを有し、当該オーバーハングは、3’ヒドロキシル基および5’リン酸基を有している。これは、プレmiRNA(前駆体miRNA)と呼ばれることが多い。
プレmiRNAヘアピンは、核細胞質間シャトルエクスポーチン−5を伴うプロセスで核から輸出される。カリオフェリンファミリーのメンバーであるこのタンパク質は、プレmiRNAヘアピンの3’末端においてRNase III酵素ドローシャによって残された2つのヌクレオチドオーバーハングを認識する。細胞質へのエクスポーチン−5媒介性輸送は、エネルギー依存性であり、Ranタンパク質に結合したGTPを使用する。
細胞質では、プレmiRNAヘアピンは、RNase III酵素ダイサーによって切断される。このエンドリボヌクレアーゼは、ヘアピンの3’末端と相互作用し、3’および5’アームをつなぐループを切り取り、長さ約22のヌクレオチドの不完全なmiRNA:miRNA*二本鎖を生じる。全般的なヘアピンの長さおよびループの大きさは、ダイサープロセシング効率に影響を及ぼし、miRNA:miRNA*対合の不完全な性質も、切断に影響を及ぼす。二本鎖のいずれかの鎖は、機能的miRNAとして潜在的に作用することができるが、通常は一方の鎖だけがRNA誘発型サイレンシング複合体(RISC)に組み込まれ、そこでmiRNAとそのmRNA標的が相互作用する。
X1およびX2は、それぞれ独立に、炭素または窒素であり、
R1は、H、アルキル、置換アルキル、アルキルアミノ、シクロアルキル、置換シクロアルキル、アリール、および置換アリールからなる群から選択され、
R2は、存在してもしなくてもよく、存在する場合、H、ハロ、アルキル、置換アルキル、およびアルコキシルからなる群から選択され、または
R1およびR2は、一緒になって、4〜6員の複素環構造の一部を形成し、ここで4〜6員の複素環構造は、炭素、窒素、酸素、硫黄、およびその組合せからなる群から選択される原子を含み、
R3は、H、ハロ、アルキル、置換アルキル、アリール、置換アリール、シクロアルキル、置換シクロアルキル、シクロヘテロアルキル、置換シクロヘテロアルキル、ヘテロアリール、および置換ヘテロアリールからなる群から選択され、
R4は、ハロであり、
R5は、H、アルキル、置換アルキル、アミノ、アルコキシル、ヒドロキシル、およびハロからなる群から選択され、
R6は、H、アルキル、および置換アルキルからなる群から選択され、
R7は、存在してもしなくてもよく、存在する場合、H、アルキル、置換アルキル、アミノ、アルコキシル、ヒドロキシル、およびハロからなる群から選択され、または
R1およびR7は、一緒になって、4〜6員の複素環構造の一部を形成し、ここで4〜6員の複素環構造は、炭素、窒素、酸素、硫黄、およびその組合せからなる群から選択される原子を含む]、または
薬学的もしくは化粧用として許容されるその塩。
(a)トリプロリジン、その誘導体および類似体(式b):
環式環構造の破線は、結合を表し、この結合は、環に存在してもしなくてもよく、
各R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、およびR10は、独立に、H、アルキル、置換アルキル、シクロアルキル、置換シクロアルキル、アリール、および置換アリールからなる群から選択され、
各R’1、R’2、およびR’3は、独立に、H、アルキル、置換アルキル、シクロアルキル、置換シクロアルキル、アリール、置換アリール、ヒドロキシル、およびアルコキシルからなる群から選択され、
各R’’1、R’’2、およびR’’3は、独立に、−−OR11および−−O(C.dbd.O)−−R12からなる群から選択され、R11およびR12は、H、アルキル、置換アルキル、シクロアルキル、置換シクロアルキル、アリール、および置換アリールからなる群から選択され、
各X1、X2、X3、およびX4は、独立に、CH2、O、S、およびNR’4からなる群から選択され、R’4は、H、アルキル、置換アルキル、シクロアルキル、置換シクロアルキル、アリール、置換アリール、ヒドロキシル、およびアルコキシルからなる群から選択され、
各X’1、X’2、およびX’3は、独立に、NまたはCHであり、
各X’’は、独立に、ハロゲンである]、ならびに
薬学的および化粧用として許容されるその塩。
(i)全miRの発現、および任意選択により
(ii)全プレmiRの発現
を分析することを含み、
所定の閾値を超える前記(i)または(i)/(ii)の下方制御がMNDの指標となる、方法を提供する。
(i)miRの発現、および
(ii)前記miRの前駆体の発現
を分析するステップを含み、
所定の閾値を超える(i)/(ii)の下方制御がMNDの指標となる、方法を提供する。
1.筋電図検査(EMG)を使用して、筋肉および神経の機能障害、ならびに脊髄疾患を診断する。筋電図検査は、特定の神経に沿ってインパルスが移動する速度を測定するためにも使用される。EMGは、収縮中および静止時に筋肉を調節する脳および/または脊髄から末梢神経根(腕および脚に見出される)への電気的活動を記録する。非常に細いワイヤー電極を、筋肉内に1つずつ挿入して、運動中および筋肉が静止しているときに生じる電圧の変化を評価する。電極は、記録機器に接続されている。試験は、試験される筋肉および神経の数に応じて、通常約1時間以上継続される。
2.EMGは、通常、神経伝導速度の研究と共に行われる。この手順では、信号を送信する神経の能力を試験するために、電気エネルギーも測定する。技術者は、筋肉を覆う皮膚上に2組の平坦な電極をテープで貼る。第1の組の電極を使用して、小さい電気パルス(静電気による振動に類似している)を送信して、特定の筋肉に向かう神経を刺激する。第2の組の電極は、応答電気信号を記録機に伝える。次に、医師は、その応答を審査して、任意の神経障害または筋肉疾患を検証する。
3.血液、尿または他の物質の実験室スクリーニング試験は、MNDの症状に類似の症状を有する場合がある筋肉疾患および他の障害を除外することができる。例えば、脳および脊髄を取り囲む流体の分析では、PPSを含むいくつかの障害を検出することができる。血液検査では、タンパク質クレアチンキナーゼレベル(筋収縮のためのエネルギーを生成する化学反応に必要である)を測定するように指示することができ、このレベルが高いことは、筋ジストロフィーなどの筋肉疾患を診断する一助になり得る。
4.磁気共鳴画像(MRI)では、コンピューターによって生じる電波および強力な磁場を使用して、組織、器官、骨および神経を含む身体構造の詳細な画像を生成する。これらの画像は、脳および脊髄の腫瘍、目の疾患、炎症、感染症、ならびに脳卒中に至るおそれがある血管変則性を診断する一助になり得る。MRIは、多発性硬化症などの変性障害を検出し、モニタすることもでき、外傷から生じる脳障害の証拠を提供することができる。MRIは、しばしば頭部、頸部および脊髄に影響を及ぼす、MND以外の疾患を除外するために使用される。
5.筋肉または神経生検は、神経疾患および神経再生を確認する一助になり得る。少量の筋肉または神経試料を、局所麻酔剤下で取り出し、顕微鏡で研究する。試料は、外科的に、皮膚の開口部を介して、または細い中空針を皮膚を介して筋肉内に挿入する針生検によって取り出すことができる。筋肉の小片は、身体から取り出されても中空針中に残っている。この試験は、損傷度についての有益な情報を提供できるが、侵襲的手順であり、それ自体、神経障害性の副作用を引き起こすおそれがある。多くの専門家は、生検が診断に常に必要であるとは考えない。
(a)ALS患者またはALSモデルの運動ニューロンを、候補薬剤と接触させるステップと、
(b)ステップ(a)の前およびステップ(a)の後に、
(i)前記運動ニューロンにおける全miRの発現、および任意選択により
(ii)前記運動ニューロンにおける全プレmiRの発現
を分析するステップとを含み、
ステップ(a)の前と比較してステップ(a)の後の、所定の閾値を超える前記(i)または(i)/(ii)の上方制御が、候補化合物がMNDを処置するための治療剤であることの指標となる、方法を企図する。
実験手順
ヒト組織miRNAの分析
4pmolの5’および3’DIG標識抗miR−9および抗miR−124LNAプローブで製造者(Exiqon社)の指示書に従った切片のハイブリダイゼーション法に従って10、腰部から得た凍結脊髄組織の7μm切片に対してin situハイブリダイゼーションを実施した。
miRNAの発現はALSにおいて変わる
過去の報告は、一般的(非特異的)なマイクロRNA(miRNA)代謝が、対照と比較して孤発性ALS(sALS)の対象の腹側腰部脊髄(SC)組織において変化していることを示している[非特許文献42]。本発明の研究では、本発明者らは、ALS対象において変化したmiRNA発現が、miRNAバイオプロセシングの変異に関係しており、適切な処置によって逆転され得るという仮説について試験した。
(他の参考文献は、本願を通して引用される)
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Claims (12)
- 運動ニューロン疾患(MND)の処置を必要としている対象の前記MNDの処置に使用するための、エノキサシンを有効成分として含むダイサー活性化剤。
- 筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)の処置を必要としている対象の前記ALSの処置に使用するための、エノキサシンを有効成分として含むダイサー活性化剤および抗ALS剤を含む、医薬組成物。
- 前記抗ALS剤がリルゾールを包含する、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記MNDが、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)、原発性側索硬化症、進行性筋萎縮、仮性球麻痺、進行性球麻痺、下位運動ニューロン疾患および脊髄性筋萎縮症からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載のダイサー活性化剤。
- 前記ALSが、RNA代謝不良に関連する変異を有する遺伝子に関連する、または遺伝性ALSである、または孤発性ALSである、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ALSが、RNA代謝不良に関連する変異を有する遺伝子に関連する、または遺伝性ALSである、または孤発性ALSである、請求項4に記載のダイサー活性化剤。
- 有効成分としてのエノキサシン、抗ALS剤、および薬学的に許容される担体または希釈剤を含む、ALSの処置に使用するための医薬組成物。
- パッケージング材料にパッケージされ、前記パッケージング材料内または前記パッケージング材料上のALS処置における使用に関する印刷により識別される、エノキサシンおよび抗ALS剤を含む、ALSの処置に使用するための製品。
- MNDを検出する方法であって、
前記MNDの診断を必要としている対象の試料において、
(i)全miRの発現、および任意選択により
(ii)全プレmiRの発現
を分析するステップを含み、
所定の閾値を超える前記(i)または(i)/(ii)の下方制御が前記MNDの指標となる、方法。 - 前記MNDが、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)、原発性側索硬化症、進行性筋萎縮、仮性球麻痺、進行性球麻痺、下位運動ニューロン疾患および脊髄性筋萎縮症からなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記ALSが、RNA代謝不良に関連する変異を有する遺伝子に関連する、または遺伝性ALSである、または孤発性ALSである、請求項10に記載の方法。
- MNDを処置するための薬剤を同定する方法であって、
(a)ALS患者またはALSモデルの運動ニューロンを、候補化合物と接触させるステップと、
(b)ステップ(a)の前およびステップ(a)の後に、
(i)前記運動ニューロンにおける全miRの発現、および、任意選択により
(ii)前記運動ニューロンにおける全プレmiRの発現
を分析するステップとを含み、
ステップ(a)の前と比較してステップ(a)の後の、所定の閾値を超える前記(i)または(i)/(ii)の上方制御が、前記候補化合物がMNDを処置するための治療剤であることの指標となる、方法。
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| HK1205453A1 (en) | 2015-12-18 |
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