JP6320228B2 - 太陽熱空気タービン発電システム - Google Patents
太陽熱空気タービン発電システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6320228B2 JP6320228B2 JP2014156841A JP2014156841A JP6320228B2 JP 6320228 B2 JP6320228 B2 JP 6320228B2 JP 2014156841 A JP2014156841 A JP 2014156841A JP 2014156841 A JP2014156841 A JP 2014156841A JP 6320228 B2 JP6320228 B2 JP 6320228B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- air
- temperature
- solar
- air turbine
- outlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims description 59
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 64
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 5
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
- F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
- F02C1/05—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/08—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
- F02C7/10—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases by means of regenerative heat-exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/007—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/28—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being a pump or a compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/02—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid
- F03G6/04—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid gaseous
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/068—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having other power cycles, e.g. Stirling or transcritical, supercritical cycles; combined with other power sources, e.g. wind, gas or nuclear
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/121—Controlling or monitoring
- F03G6/124—Start-up control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/303—Temperature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014156841A JP6320228B2 (ja) | 2014-07-31 | 2014-07-31 | 太陽熱空気タービン発電システム |
| CA2894926A CA2894926C (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2015-06-18 | Solar/air turbine generator system |
| US14/808,568 US10001112B2 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2015-07-24 | Solar/air turbine generator system |
| CN201510450868.6A CN105317553B (zh) | 2014-07-31 | 2015-07-28 | 太阳热空气涡轮发电系统 |
| EP15179074.8A EP2980383B1 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2015-07-30 | Solar/air turbine generator system |
| ES15179074.8T ES2660992T3 (es) | 2014-07-31 | 2015-07-30 | Sistema generador solar/de turbina de aire |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014156841A JP6320228B2 (ja) | 2014-07-31 | 2014-07-31 | 太陽熱空気タービン発電システム |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2016033360A JP2016033360A (ja) | 2016-03-10 |
| JP2016033360A5 JP2016033360A5 (https=) | 2017-02-16 |
| JP6320228B2 true JP6320228B2 (ja) | 2018-05-09 |
Family
ID=53879322
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014156841A Active JP6320228B2 (ja) | 2014-07-31 | 2014-07-31 | 太陽熱空気タービン発電システム |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10001112B2 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP2980383B1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP6320228B2 (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN105317553B (https=) |
| CA (1) | CA2894926C (https=) |
| ES (1) | ES2660992T3 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11384939B2 (en) * | 2014-04-21 | 2022-07-12 | Southwest Research Institute | Air-fuel micromix injector having multibank ports for adaptive cooling of high temperature combustor |
| JP6519839B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-18 | 2019-05-29 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 冷却設備、及びこれを備えるコンバインドサイクルプラント |
| US11260749B2 (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2022-03-01 | Transportation Ip Holdings, Llc | Cooling control systems |
| DE102016120764A1 (de) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-05-03 | Terex Mhps Gmbh | System mit einem sekundären Stromerzeugungsaggregat zur Nachverstromung von Abgaswärme eines primären Stromerzeugungsaggregats |
| US10280844B2 (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2019-05-07 | General Electric Company | Control systems for controlling power systems based on fuel consumption and related program products |
| CN108730764A (zh) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-11-02 | 大连民族大学 | 基于空气循环的开式热泵热水装置 |
| JP7096109B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-07 | 2022-07-05 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 太陽熱発電設備 |
| CN111156139B (zh) * | 2020-01-19 | 2025-03-04 | 刘慕华 | 一种基于光热原理的太阳能燃气轮机发电系统 |
| WO2024162899A1 (en) * | 2023-01-30 | 2024-08-08 | G-En Pte Ltd | Apparatus for energy conversion |
| CN117005919A (zh) * | 2023-07-31 | 2023-11-07 | 西安交通大学 | 集成甲烷制备与二氧化碳太阳能热发电的储能供能系统 |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3301000A (en) * | 1965-02-15 | 1967-01-31 | Borg Warner | Combination vapor compression and absorption refrigeration system |
| DE2553283A1 (de) * | 1975-11-27 | 1977-06-02 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Solarthermisches kraftwerk |
| US4262484A (en) * | 1977-10-18 | 1981-04-21 | Rolls-Royce Limited | Gas turbine engine power plant using solar energy as a heat source |
| GB2006878B (en) | 1977-10-18 | 1982-03-24 | Rolls Royce | Gas turbine engine power plant using solar energy as a heat source |
| US4942736A (en) | 1988-09-19 | 1990-07-24 | Ormat Inc. | Method of and apparatus for producing power from solar energy |
| US6349551B1 (en) * | 1999-11-23 | 2002-02-26 | Alexei Jirnov | Thermodynamic power and cryogenic refrigeration system using low temperature heat source |
| JP3784616B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-23 | 2006-06-14 | 株式会社タクマ | 小容量のガスタービンコージェネレーションシステムの熱電比制御方法 |
| KR100550112B1 (ko) * | 2001-12-03 | 2006-02-08 | 도쿄 덴료쿠 가부시기가이샤 | 배기열 회수 시스템 |
| US7325401B1 (en) | 2004-04-13 | 2008-02-05 | Brayton Energy, Llc | Power conversion systems |
| DE102008051384B3 (de) | 2008-10-11 | 2010-02-11 | Technische Universität Dresden | Solarhybridbetriebenes Gas- und Dampfkraftwerk |
| JP5291541B2 (ja) * | 2009-06-01 | 2013-09-18 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 太陽熱ガスタービン及び太陽熱ガスタービン発電装置 |
| JP2010275997A (ja) | 2009-06-01 | 2010-12-09 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 太陽熱ガスタービン及び太陽熱ガスタービン発電装置 |
| JP2010281272A (ja) * | 2009-06-05 | 2010-12-16 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 太陽熱ガスタービン及び太陽熱ガスタービン発電装置 |
| EP2450548A1 (en) | 2009-06-29 | 2012-05-09 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Gas turbine plant, heat receiver, power generating device, and solar concentrating system associated with solar thermal electric generation system |
| JP2011007149A (ja) | 2009-06-29 | 2011-01-13 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | ガスタービンプラント |
| CN201916139U (zh) | 2011-01-21 | 2011-08-03 | 绍兴文理学院 | 塔式太阳能循环热力发电系统 |
| CN103477053B (zh) | 2011-12-18 | 2016-06-15 | 约纳斯·比利亚鲁维亚·鲁伊斯 | 一种包括太阳能涡轮机或涡轮压缩机的太阳能集热器 |
| JP2013194715A (ja) * | 2012-03-22 | 2013-09-30 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 太陽熱発電設備、及びその起動方法 |
-
2014
- 2014-07-31 JP JP2014156841A patent/JP6320228B2/ja active Active
-
2015
- 2015-06-18 CA CA2894926A patent/CA2894926C/en active Active
- 2015-07-24 US US14/808,568 patent/US10001112B2/en active Active
- 2015-07-28 CN CN201510450868.6A patent/CN105317553B/zh active Active
- 2015-07-30 EP EP15179074.8A patent/EP2980383B1/en active Active
- 2015-07-30 ES ES15179074.8T patent/ES2660992T3/es active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2660992T3 (es) | 2018-03-27 |
| US10001112B2 (en) | 2018-06-19 |
| US20160032900A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
| CA2894926A1 (en) | 2016-01-31 |
| CA2894926C (en) | 2017-10-24 |
| CN105317553B (zh) | 2017-09-01 |
| EP2980383A1 (en) | 2016-02-03 |
| CN105317553A (zh) | 2016-02-10 |
| EP2980383B1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
| JP2016033360A (ja) | 2016-03-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6320228B2 (ja) | 太陽熱空気タービン発電システム | |
| JP5232916B2 (ja) | 太陽熱ガスタービン及び太陽熱ガスタービン発電装置 | |
| US7500349B2 (en) | Power plant and operating method | |
| JP6223955B2 (ja) | 太陽熱発電システム | |
| US20110209479A1 (en) | Systems and Methods for Prewarming Heat Recovery Steam Generator Piping | |
| JP2016033360A5 (https=) | ||
| US9482210B2 (en) | Solar thermal power generation facility and method of starting up same | |
| US20170058717A1 (en) | Multi-shaft combined cycle plant, and control device and operation method thereof | |
| EP2623751B1 (en) | Method and apparatus to control part-load performance of a turbine | |
| US9976478B2 (en) | Solar heat turbine system, and device and method for controlling said system | |
| JP2007046577A (ja) | 再熱型蒸気タービンプラント | |
| JP3219186U (ja) | 太陽熱空気発電設備 | |
| JP2019173697A (ja) | コンバインドサイクル発電プラント及びその運転方法 | |
| JP6965221B2 (ja) | ガスタービンシステム | |
| JPH0231206B2 (ja) | Fukugohatsudenpuranto | |
| JP2013224602A (ja) | 太陽熱タービンシステム、そのシステム制御装置および方法 | |
| JPH0443803A (ja) | 複合サイクル発電プラントの制御方法 | |
| WO2012031897A1 (en) | Single intermediate pressure operation mode for solar driven steam turbine plants |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20170111 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20170111 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20170926 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20170927 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20171127 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20180306 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20180403 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6320228 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| S533 | Written request for registration of change of name |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313533 |
|
| R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |