JP6308507B2 - 炭素のナノ被覆層を有する基材粉末を用いたリチウムイオン電池用正極材の製造方法および光触媒の製造方法 - Google Patents
炭素のナノ被覆層を有する基材粉末を用いたリチウムイオン電池用正極材の製造方法および光触媒の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- JDPBLCQVGZLACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[a]perylene Chemical group C1=CC(C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=C3C=2C2=CC=C3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 JDPBLCQVGZLACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000024 high-resolution transmission electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
ii)資源的にも豊富で原料が比較的安価であること、
iii)機械的にタフであること、
iv)軽量であること。
(ii)無害であり、安全性が高いこと、
(iii)サイクル特性が良いこと。
前記B粉末に多環芳香族炭化水素を添加し、前記多環芳香族炭化水素の沸点以上で当該沸点温度+300℃以下でありかつ前記多環芳香族炭化水素の熱分解温度以上の温度で加熱して、前記B粉末の表面を1層以上300層以下の炭素原子又は0.1nm以上10nm層以下の炭素で覆う工程と、
前記炭素原子又は炭素で表面が覆われたB粉末を、前記Mg粉末またはMgH2粉末と混合する工程と、を有するものである。
前記基材粉末に多環芳香族炭化水素を添加し、前記多環芳香族炭化水素の沸点以上当該沸点温度+300℃以下でありかつ前記多環芳香族炭化水素の熱分解温度以上の温度で加熱して、前記基材粉末の表面を1層以上300層以下の炭素原子で覆うことを特徴とする。
前記基材粉末に多環芳香族炭化水素を添加し、前記多環芳香族炭化水素の沸点以上当該沸点温度+300℃以下でありかつ前記多環芳香族炭化水素の熱分解温度以上の温度で加熱して、前記基材粉末の表面を0.1nm以上10nm層以下の炭素で覆うことを特徴とする。
図3は、本発明の実施例で用いるカーボン被覆装置の構成図である。図において、70はB+コロネン混合粉末、80はガラス管、90は熱処理炉である。粒径が約250nmのアモルファスナノB粉末(トルコPavezyum社製)と粒径が数mmのコロネン(C24H12)固体粉末を、Bに対するカーボン量が5原子%となるように計量して乳鉢で混合し、石英管に真空封入した。これを熱処理炉に移して、630℃で3時間の熱処理を行った。また、比較のため、同じ混合物をコロネンの沸点(525℃)より低い520℃で1時間熱処理を行った。熱処理後のB粉末を透過型電子顕微鏡により組織観察を行った。630℃で熱処理をした試料について、図4に透過電顕像を示し、図5にBの分析結果(ボロンマッピング図)を示し、図6に炭素の分析結果(カーボンマッピング図)を示す。
次に、実施例1で作製した炭素被覆B粉末を用いて、Mg内部拡散法によりMgB2超伝導線材を作製した。外径6mm、内径4mmの鉄管の中心に、径2mmのMg棒を配置し、鉄管とMg棒との隙間にB粉末を充填して、溝ロールならびにダイス線引きにより径0.6mmの線材に加工した。この線材を675℃で8時間アルゴン雰囲気中で熱処理した。比較のために、rfプラズマ法で作製したカーボンコートB粉末を用いて、同様にしてMgB2線材を作製した。表3には、両線材の4.2K、10テスラでの臨界電流密度を比較して示す。本発明によるB粉末はCl等の不純物を含まないためにrfプラズマ法の場合よりも高い臨界電流密度を示す。
カーボンコートしたB粉末については、BCl3を原料とし、rfプラズマ法でBナノ粉末を作製する際にメタンガスを導入すると、炭素被覆したナノB粉末が得られることが報告されている。しかしながらこの方法で作製した炭素被覆B粉末にはClが不純物として混入しており、このB粉末を用いてMgB2超伝導体を作製した場合、Cl不純物のために実用的に重要な臨界電流密度が低いという難点があった。また、rfプラズマ法を適用しているために、炭素被覆量の制御が難しいだけでなく、高コストで大量生産が困難という難点があった。本発明による炭素被覆B粉末ではCl等の不純物を含まないので、上記のClを含む炭素被覆B粉末に比べて高い臨界電流密度が得られる。また、本発明によれば、炭素被覆量は封入するBとコロネンの比率を変化させるだけで簡単に制御できるだけでなく、大量生産も容易という特長がある。
平均粒径が約5μmの市販のLiFePO4ナノ粉末とコロネン(C24H12)固体粉末を、LiFePO4に対するカーボン(C)量が5モル%となるように計量して乳鉢で混合し、石英管に真空封入した。これに対して700℃で1時間の熱処理を行った。熱処理後のLiFePO4粉末について透過型電子顕微鏡により組織観察を行った。
<比較例1:カーボン担持層を有する基材粒子の創製>
LiFePO4粒子表面にCをコートする方法にはいくつか報告されているが、その一つが前述したメタノールを使う方法である(非特許文献6)。LiFePO4を、回転機能を持った窯(ロータリーキルン)に投入した後に,600℃まで昇温する。つぎに、この炉に窒素をキャリアガスとしてメタノール蒸気を供給することによって、カーボンを担持したLiFePO4/C複合正極材料が得られる。
続いて、実施例3で創製したカーボン担持層を有する基材粒子を正極材料として用いた、本発明の一実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池用の電極シートの作製について説明する。電極シートは、正極シートと負極シートとを、対として有する。
上記試験例1で得られたLFP組成とc−LFP組成の正極シートを用いてリチウム二次電池(コインセル)を構築した。リチウム二次電池の作製は、以下のようにして行った。
以上のようにして得られた試験用リチウム二次電池のそれぞれに対して、充放電試験を行った。放電容量試験については、室温21℃の温度条件にて、定電流(2.25mA)で端子間電圧が4.0Vとなるまで充電した後、4.0Vの定電圧で1.5時間充電した。かかるCC−CV充電後の電池を、室温21℃の温度条件にて、端子間電圧が2.0Vとなるまで、定電流(0.90mA)で放電させて、そのときの電池容量を測定した。
10 容器
20 真空状態保持手段
30 加熱装置
40 熱処理制御装置
50 搬送装置
60 コインセル
61 正極(作用極)
62 負極(対極)
63 セパレータ
64 ガスケット
65 容器(負極端子)
66 蓋(正極端子)
70 B+コロネン混合粉末
80 ガラス管
90 熱処理炉
Claims (8)
- 非水電解質を用いる二次電池用の正極材を構成する金属酸化物または金属硫化物と、前記金属酸化物または前記金属硫化物表面を被覆するアモルファス状のカーボン被膜を有し、前記金属酸化物あるいは前記金属硫化物は、SnO2、LiVPO4、LiFePO4、LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4、LiMnPO4、Li2FeSiO4、V2O5、MnO2、LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2、LiMn2O4、Li2SおよびSiO2からなる群から選ばれたリチウムイオン電池正極材用の基材粉末からなるリチウムイオン電池用正極材の製造方法であって、
前記基材粉末に多環芳香族炭化水素を添加した混合物を、溶媒を含まない容器に収容し、前記多環芳香族炭化水素の沸点以上当該沸点温度+300℃以下でありかつ前記多環芳香族炭化水素の熱分解温度以上の温度で加熱して、溶媒を使用せずに前記基材粉末の表面を1層以上300層以下の炭素原子で覆うことを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池用正極材の製造方法。 - 非水電解質を用いる二次電池用の正極材を構成する金属酸化物または金属硫化物と、前記金属酸化物または前記金属硫化物表面を被覆するアモルファス状のカーボン被膜を有し、前記金属酸化物あるいは前記金属硫化物は、SnO2、LiVPO4、LiFePO4、LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4、LiMnPO4、Li2FeSiO4、V2O5、MnO2、LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2、LiMn2O4、Li2SおよびSiO2からなる群から選ばれたリチウムイオン電池正極材用の基材粉末からなるリチウムイオン電池用正極材の製造方法であって、
前記基材粉末に多環芳香族炭化水素を添加した混合物を、溶媒を含まない容器に収容し、前記多環芳香族炭化水素の沸点以上で当該沸点温度+300℃以下でありかつ前記多環芳香族炭化水素の熱分解温度以上の温度で加熱して、溶媒を使用せずに前記基材粉末の表面を0.1nm以上20nm層以下の炭素で覆うことを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池用正極材の製造方法。 - 前記多環芳香族炭化水素は、コロネン(coronene)、アンタントレン(anthanthrene)、ベンゾペリレン(Benzo(ghi)perylene)、サーキュレン(circulene)、コランニュレン(corannulene)、ディコロニレン(Dicoronylene)、ディインデノペリレン(Diindenoperylene)、ヘリセン(helicene)、ヘプタセン(heptacene)、ヘキサセン(hexacene)、ケクレン(kekulene)、オバレン(ovalene)、ゼスレン(Zethrene)、ベンゾ[a]ピレン(Benzo[a]pyrene)、ベンゾ[e]ピレン(Benzo[e]pyrene)、ベンゾ[a]フルオランテン(Benzo[a]fluoranthene)、ベンゾ[b]フルオランテン(Benzo[b]fluoranthene)、ベンゾ[j]フルオランテン(Benzo[j]fluoranthene)、ベンゾ[k]フルオランテン(Benzo[k]fluoranthene)、ディベンゾ[a,h]アントラセン(Dibenz(a,h)anthracene)、ディベンゾ[a,j]アントラセン(Dibenz(a,j)anthracene)、オリンピセン(Olympicene)、ペンタセン(pentacene)、ペリレン(perylene)、ピセン(Picene)、テトラフェニレン(Tetraphenylene)、ベンゾ[a]アントラセン(Benz(a)anthracene)、ベンゾ[a]フルオレン(Benzo(a)fluorene)、ベンゾ[c]フェナントレン(Benzo(c)phenanthrene)、クリセン(Chrysene)、フルオランテン(Fluoranthene)、ピレン(pyrene)、テトラセン(Tetracene)、トリフェニレン(Triphenylene)、アントラセン(Anthracene)、フルオレン(Fluorene)、フェナレン(Phenalene)およびフェナントレン(phenanthrene)からなる群から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のリチウムイオン電池用正極材の製造方法。
- 前記多環芳香族炭化水素は、常温常圧で固体であり、かつ沸点温度が熱分解温度よりも低く、前記多環芳香族炭化水素における炭素原子の数と水素原子の数の比C:Hが1:0.5から1:0.8であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン電池用正極材の製造方法。
- 銀粒子とTiO2粒子を用いる光触媒であって、前記TiO2粒子を基材粉末とし、前記基材粉末の表面がカーボン被膜で被覆された光触媒の製造方法において、
前記基材粉末に多環芳香族炭化水素を添加し、前記多環芳香族炭化水素の沸点以上当該沸点温度+300℃以下でありかつ前記多環芳香族炭化水素の熱分解温度以上の温度で加熱して、前記基材粉末の表面を1層以上300層以下の炭素原子で覆うことを特徴とする光触媒の製造方法。 - 銀粒子とTiO2粒子を用いる光触媒であって、前記TiO2粒子を基材粉末とし、前記基材粉末の表面がカーボン被膜で被覆された光触媒の製造方法において、
前記基材粉末に多環芳香族炭化水素を添加し、前記多環芳香族炭化水素の沸点以上当該沸点温度+300℃以下でありかつ前記多環芳香族炭化水素の熱分解温度以上の温度で加熱して、前記基材粉末の表面を0.1nm以上10nm層以下の炭素で覆うことを特徴とする光触媒の製造方法。 - 前記多環芳香族炭化水素は、コロネン(coronene)、アンタントレン(anthanthrene)、ベンゾペリレン(Benzo(ghi)perylene)、サーキュレン(circulene)、コランニュレン(corannulene)、ディコロニレン(Dicoronylene)、ディインデノペリレン(Diindenoperylene)、ヘリセン(helicene)、ヘプタセン(heptacene)、ヘキサセン(hexacene)、ケクレン(kekulene)、オバレン(ovalene)、ゼスレン(Zethrene)、ベンゾ[a]ピレン(Benzo[a]pyrene)、ベンゾ[e]ピレン(Benzo[e]pyrene)、ベンゾ[a]フルオランテン(Benzo[a]fluoranthene)、ベンゾ[b]フルオランテン(Benzo[b]fluoranthene)、ベンゾ[j]フルオランテン(Benzo[j]fluoranthene)、ベンゾ[k]フルオランテン(Benzo[k]fluoranthene)、ディベンゾ[a,h]アントラセン(Dibenz(a,h)anthracene)、ディベンゾ[a,j]アントラセン(Dibenz(a,j)anthracene)、オリンピセン(Olympicene)、ペンタセン(pentacene)、ペリレン(perylene)、ピセン(Picene)、テトラフェニレン(Tetraphenylene)、ベンゾ[a]アントラセン(Benz(a)anthracene)、ベンゾ[a]フルオレン(Benzo(a)fluorene)、ベンゾ[c]フェナントレン(Benzo(c)phenanthrene)、クリセン(Chrysene)、フルオランテン(Fluoranthene)、ピレン(pyrene)、テトラセン(Tetracene)、トリフェニレン(Triphenylene)、アントラセン(Anthracene)、フルオレン(Fluorene)、フェナレン(Phenalene)およびフェナントレン(phenanthrene)からなる群から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項5または6に記載の光触媒の製造方法。
- 前記多環芳香族炭化水素は、常温常圧で固体であり、かつ沸点温度が熱分解温度よりも低く、前記多環芳香族炭化水素における炭素原子の数と水素原子の数の比C:Hが1:0.5から1:0.8であることを特徴とする請求項5から7のいずれか1項に記載の光触媒の製造方法。
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WO2024096619A1 (ko) * | 2022-11-04 | 2024-05-10 | 삼성에스디아이주식회사 | 복합양극활물질, 그 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 전고체 이차전지 |
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JP6723179B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-03 | 2020-07-15 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 超伝導体の製造方法 |
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CN115461896A (zh) | 2021-03-19 | 2022-12-09 | 积水化学工业株式会社 | 非水电解质二次电池用正极、以及使用了该正极的非水电解质二次电池、电池模块和电池系统 |
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WO2024096619A1 (ko) * | 2022-11-04 | 2024-05-10 | 삼성에스디아이주식회사 | 복합양극활물질, 그 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 전고체 이차전지 |
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