JP6285929B2 - 遺伝的変異を検出するためのシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
遺伝的変異を検出するためのシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
一態様において、本発明は、複数の標的ポリヌクレオチドを配列決定するための装置、および装置を生成する方法を提供する。一実施形態において、この方法は、(a)反応表面を有する固体支持体を提供することと、(b)その固体支持体に複数のオリゴヌクレオチドを結合することと、を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、複数のオリゴヌクレオチドは、(i)複数の異なる第1のオリゴヌクレオチドであって、配列Aおよび配列Bを含み、配列Aは、全ての第1のオリゴヌクレオチドの中で共通であり、さらに配列Bは、それぞれの異なる第1のオリゴヌクレオチドに対して異なり、それぞれの第1のオリゴヌクレオチドの3′末端にあり、原因となる遺伝的変異体を含む配列、または原因となる遺伝的変異体の200ヌクレオチド以内にある配列に相補性である、複数の異なる第1のオリゴヌクレオチドと、(ii)配列Aをそれぞれの3′末端に含む複数の第2のオリゴヌクレオチドと、(iii)配列Cをそれぞれの3′末端に含む複数の第3のオリゴヌクレオチドと、を含み、配列Cは、複数の異なる標的ポリヌクレオチドにより共有される配列と同じである。いくつかの実施形態において、A、B、およびCは、異なる配列であり、それぞれ5個以上のヌクレオチドを含む。
本明細書において言及する全ての刊行物、特許、および特許出願は、それぞれ個別の刊行物、特許、または特許出願が、参照により組み込まれることが具体的かつ個別に示されたのと同じ程度で参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
ゲノムDNA(gDNA)を、96−ウェルフォーマットに抽出し、ウェルA1、G12、およびH12は空のまま残す(後に、それぞれ無テンプレート対照、試験された全ての原因となる遺伝的変異体を欠失するCoriell試料NA12878ゲノムDNAを含有する汎用陰性標準、および複数の既知の原因となる遺伝的変異体のうちの1つを含む試料を含有する)。それぞれのウェルから50μLを、吸光度プレートの対応するウェルに移す。260nmでの吸光度を、DNA量を計算するために、Tecan M200プレートリーダーを使用して測定する。50μLのgDNAを、吸光度プレートからEppendorf twin.tecプレートに移す。対照試料を、このtwin.tecプレート上のそれらそれぞれの位置に付加する。gDNAおよび対照を、以下のプロトコルに従い、10℃でSonicMan(Matrical,Spokane WA)超音波破砕機内で断片化する:前冷却180秒、サイクル100、超音波破砕3.0秒、パワー35%、蓋冷却1.0秒、プレート冷却0、後冷却0。2μLの試料を、Fragment Analyzer(Advanced Analytical Technologies,Ames IA)を使用して、断片化サイズ分布について分析する。少なくとも200塩基対および1000bpを超えない断片サイズの中央値を有する試料が、さらなる処理に供される。200bpを下回る断片サイズの中央値を持つ試料は破棄され、抽出されたgDNAから再処理される。1000bpを上回る断片サイズの中央値を持つ試料は、所望のサイズ範囲に達するようにさらなる超音波破砕に供されるか、または破棄され、抽出されたgDNAから再処理されるかのいずれかである。
複数の異なる標的ポリヌクレオチドの増幅のための例示のプロセスが、図2および5に示され、それらは主に図2の固相精製ステップの包含において異なる。図7も例示の増幅プロセスを示し、アダプター連結後の代わりに、主にオリゴヌクレオチドプライマー伸長がアダプター連結前に行われるという点で図2に示されるプロセスとは異なる。増幅は、固相精製ステップを含んでも含まなくてもよい。図6は、図5と同様に増幅プロセスを示すとともに、例示の架橋増幅および配列決定プロセスも示す。図6に示される増幅プロセスは、任意の架橋増幅方法および関連する配列決定方法と併用され得る。
ポリヌクレオチド(例えば、DNAおよび/またはRNA)が、当該技術分野において既知の標準方法を使用して、ウイルスおよび/または細菌ポリヌクレオチドを含有することが疑われる対象からの試料から抽出される。試料ポリヌクレオチドを、実施例1のように、断片化、末端修復、およびA−テーリングする。次に、配列Dを含むアダプターオリゴヌクレオチドを、試料ポリヌクレオチドに連結し、次に、配列C、配列D、およびバーコードを含む増幅プライマーを使用して増幅する。増幅標的ポリヌクレオチドを、固体表面に結合された複数の異なる第1のオリゴヌクレオチドにハイブリダイズする。それぞれの第1のオリゴヌクレオチドは、配列Aおよび配列Bを含み、配列Bは、それぞれの異なる第1のオリゴヌクレオチドに対して異なり、それぞれの第1のオリゴヌクレオチドの3′末端にあり、非対象配列を含む配列、または非対象配列の200ヌクレオチド以内にある配列に相補性である。具体的に、第1のオリゴヌクレオチドは、対象のゲノムの外側に高い深さを有する配列、例えば、特定の群、順序、族、属、種、または他の分類群のウイルスまたは細菌に固有のウイルスまたは細菌配列を増幅するように選択される。増幅した配列は、16s rRNA配列を含み得る。健常な対照からのポリヌクレオチドを同時に処理する。次に、標的ポリヌクレオチドを、本発明の方法に従い架橋増幅して、配列決定する。非対象配列から生成された配列決定データを、感染因子を特定するために使用することができる。非対象配列に対して生成された配列決定データは、細菌の異なる分類群の相対レベル(例えば、1つ以上の分類群と1つ以上の他の分類群との比)、またはこれらの推移を検出するために使用され得る。次に、細菌または感染因子の識別子または相対レベルは、医学的推奨を作成するか、または医療行為を行うための基礎として使用される。
この例示の配列操作およびアラインメント手順(「パイプライン」)は、ゲノム分析器IIx(GAIIx)またはHiSeqシーケンサー(Illumina;San Diego,CA)からの未加工データで開始し、遺伝子型を推測し、患者試料からのメトリックスを計算する。配列決定データは、本発明の方法に従い、1フローセルレーン当たり12×多重化構成のバーコード化試料の実行から生成される。シーケンサーの未加工データは、塩基呼び出し(BCLファイル)および様々な品質制御および較正メトリックスを含む。未加工塩基呼び出しおよびメトリックスは、最初にQSEQファイルに編集され、次に試料特異的FASTQファイルにフィルタリング、マージ、および逆多重化される(バーコード配列に基づいて)。FASTQ読み出し値は、HG19ゲノムに整列され、初期BAMファイルを作成する。このBAMファイルは、いくつかの変換を経てアラインメントをフィルタリング、クリップ、および精錬し、品質メトリックスを再較正する。最終BAMファイルを、既知の変異体の遺伝子型を推測し、新規の遺伝子型を発見するために使用し、呼び出しセットを生成する。次に、呼び出しセット(VCFファイル)を、様々な呼び出しメトリックスを使用してフィルタリングし、1試料当たり高信頼度(例えば、約80%、85%、90%、95%、99%、もしくはそれ以上、またはそれを超える信頼度)の変異体呼び出しの最終群を作成する。最後に、様々なメトリックスを、1試料、1レーン、および1バッチ当たりで計算し、メトリックスを、可視化、レビュー、および最終レポート生成のために実験室情報管理システムにロードする。パイプラインは、ローカルに(全体または一部が)および/またはAmazonクラウドのようなクラウドコンピューティングを使用して実行することができる。ユーザーは、任意の好適な通信機構を使用して、パイプラインと対話することができる。例えば、対話は、Django管理コマンド(Django Software Foundation,Lawrence,KS)、パイプラインのそれぞれのステップを実行するためのシェルスクリプト、または好適なプログラミング言語(例えば、PHP、Ruby on Rails、Django、またはAmazon EC2等のインターフェース)で書き込まれたアプリケーションプログラミングインターフェースを介し得る。この例示のパイプラインの操作に関する概要が、図10および11に示される。
増幅および配列決定のための標的配列の初期捕捉のための最適なプローブ配列を選択するプロセス(「プローブ設計」とも称されるプロセス)において、アルゴリズムが用いられる。次に、プローブ配列は、オリゴヌクレオチドプライマーまたは固体支持体に結合された第1のオリゴヌクレオチドの集合の生成において使用され得る。プローブ設計プロセスは、変異体および配列決定される対応する標的配列の一覧表に追加を組み込むように反復され得る。したがって、アルゴリズムは、以前に設計されたROIにより既にカバーされている領域が再設計されないように、以前に設計された関心領域およびプローブの付加を可能にする。
ユーザーが希な遺伝的疾患の保因者である確率を配信する例示のプロセスが、図14〜17に示される。図14〜15は、それぞれウェブおよび医療顧客の注文履行のためのパイプラインを示す。注文は、医師または顧客により発注され得る。注文は、単一検査または夫婦もしくは家族のためになされ得る。この注文は、ウェブサイトを通じて受け入れられ得る。注文システムは、連絡先情報、人口統計学的詳細、および請求情報を受け入れることができる。連絡先情報は、限定されないが、氏名、住所、電話番号、およびEメールアドレスが挙げられ得る。人口統計学的情報としては、限定されないが、性別、生年月日、および自己報告された民族性が挙げられ得る。注文確認通知は、提供された連絡先情報を使用して送信され得る。受け入れ可能な注文は、データベースに追加され、これらの注文の状態は、状態マシンにより後次に維持され得る。
Claims (9)
- 複数の標的ポリヌクレオチドを配列決定するための装置を生成する方法であって、
(a)反応表面を有する固体支持体を提供することと、
(b)前記固体支持体に複数のオリゴヌクレオチドを結合することと、を含み、前記複数のオリゴヌクレオチドが、
(i)複数の異なる第1のオリゴヌクレオチドであって、配列Aおよび配列Bを含み、配列Aが、全ての第1のオリゴヌクレオチドの中で共通であり、さらに配列Bが、それぞれの異なる第1のオリゴヌクレオチドに対して異なり、それぞれの第1のオリゴヌクレオチドの3′末端に存在し、原因となる遺伝的変異体を含む配列または原因となる遺伝的変異体の200ヌクレオチド以内にある配列に相補性である、複数の異なる第1のオリゴヌクレオチドと、
(ii)配列Aをそれぞれの3′末端に含む、複数の第2のオリゴヌクレオチドと、
(iii)配列Cをそれぞれの3′末端に含み、配列Cが、複数の異なる標的ポリヌクレオチドにより共有される配列と同じである、複数の第3のオリゴヌクレオチドと、を含み、
配列A、B、およびCが、異なる配列であり、それぞれ5個以上のヌクレオチドを含み、
ここで、1つ以上の前記複数のオリゴヌクレオチドが、1つ以上の保護基を含むものであり、
前記原因となる遺伝的変異体が、疾患または形質と関連する統計的、生物学的、および/または機能的証明が存在する遺伝的変異体である、前記方法。 - 配列A、B、およびCが、互いに90%未満の配列同一性を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記複数のオリゴヌクレオチドが、反応部分を含み、その結果、前記反応表面と前記反応部分との間の反応が、前記複数のオリゴヌクレオチドを前記固体支持体に結合するようになる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記複数の第1のオリゴヌクレオチドが、それぞれが異なる配列Bを含む、少なくとも約100個の異なる第1のオリゴヌクレオチドを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記固体支持体が、フローセルのチャネルである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記複数の第2のオリゴヌクレオチドの量が、前記複数の第1のオリゴヌクレオチドの量より少なくとも1,000倍高く、前記複数の第2のオリゴヌクレオチドの量および前記複数の第3のオリゴヌクレオチドの量が、1対1の比である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記複数の第2のオリゴヌクレオチドの量が、前記複数の第1のオリゴヌクレオチドの量より少なくとも10,000倍高い、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記複数の異なる第1のオリゴヌクレオチドが、配列Aおよび配列Bを含む追加の第1のオリゴヌクレオチドをさらに含み、配列Bが、それぞれの異なる追加の第1のオリゴヌクレオチドに対して異なり、それぞれの追加の第1のオリゴヌクレオチドの3′末端にあり、非対象配列を含む配列、または非対象配列の200ヌクレオチド以内にある配列に相補性である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 複数の標的ポリヌクレオチドを配列決定する方法であって、請求項1の方法に従い生成された装置を標的ポリヌクレオチドおよび非標的ポリヌクレオチドを含む試料に曝露することを含み、配列決定データが、配列決定非標的ゲノム配列と比べて標的ゲノム配列に対して配列決定強化される、方法。
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