JP6280865B2 - 相互貫入電極を有するリチウムイオンバッテリー - Google Patents
相互貫入電極を有するリチウムイオンバッテリー Download PDFInfo
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- JP6280865B2 JP6280865B2 JP2014524085A JP2014524085A JP6280865B2 JP 6280865 B2 JP6280865 B2 JP 6280865B2 JP 2014524085 A JP2014524085 A JP 2014524085A JP 2014524085 A JP2014524085 A JP 2014524085A JP 6280865 B2 JP6280865 B2 JP 6280865B2
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- Prior art keywords
- ion battery
- lithium ion
- anode
- manufacturing
- solid electrolyte
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 161
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 97
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 153
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910016233 LiMn1.42Ni0.42Co0.6O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- FRASJONUBLZVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-naphthoquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C=CC(=O)C2=C1 FRASJONUBLZVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910007516 Li1.5Ni0.25Mn0.75O2.5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002099 LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 125000000182 1,4-naphthoquinonyl group Chemical group C1(C(=CC(C2=CC=CC=C12)=O)*)=O 0.000 claims 2
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
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- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- BZSVVCFHMVMYCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyridin-2-ylpyridine;ruthenium Chemical group [Ru].N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 BZSVVCFHMVMYCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- XUGISPSHIFXEHZ-GPJXBBLFSA-N [(3r,8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@H](OC(C)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 XUGISPSHIFXEHZ-GPJXBBLFSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004059 quinone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- KBLZDCFTQSIIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC KBLZDCFTQSIIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本出願は、2011年8月2日に出願した米国仮特許出願61/514,439号、「相互貫入電極を有するリチウムイオンバッテリー」の優先権を主張し、当該出願の全内容について、開示及び教示を参照することにより具体的に組み込む。
多孔質電極は、一般的な電極構成を有する電気化学セル及びバッテリーにおいて、集電体として使用されてきている。このような構成において、アノード及び/又はカソード材料が多孔質電極上を被覆し、当該電極は液体電解質に沈められ、且つ、平行板形の膜によって隔てられる(例えば、米国特許6,280,878号を参照。これは、Liイオンバッテリーの両方の電極材料における集電体として、また、ゲル電解質の容器として働く多孔質金属部材の利用を開示している。米国特許出願公開2010/035153A1は、Liイオンセル/バッテリーのアノードとして用いる複合電極の電着について開示している)。
アノードの調製
A.Cu2Sb膜
結晶性で且つ量論量のCu2Sb膜を、水溶液から室温で直接、単一の電圧により、銅電極上に電着することについて、初めに説明する。Cu2Sbは、0.025Mの酸化アンチモン(III)(Sb2O3、ナノ粉末、99.9%以上、アルドリッチ社)及び0.08Mの硝酸銅(II)2.5水和物(Cu(NO3)2、99.9%以上、アルドリッチ社)を含む0.4Mのクエン酸溶液(H3Cit、99.5%、アルドリッチ社)から電着される。クエン酸溶液は、クエン酸をMillipore(ミリポア)水(18 MΩ)に加えた後、Sb2O3を加えることによって調製される。Sb2O3を完全に溶解するために、機械的な攪拌を行い、その後Cu(NO3)2を加えた。その後、5Mの水酸化カリウム(KOH、アメリカ化学会保証、フィッシャー社)を加えて、pHを6まで上げた。
B.銅発泡体に対するCu2Sbの電着
多孔質三次元構造上に直接Cu2Sbを電着すること及びそのLiイオンとの反応について、以下に説明する。電着の基本原理によって、様々な形態の基材上に材料を堆積することができる。従って、Cu2Sbの電着の工程は、Cu2Sbを多孔質三次元構造、例えば多孔質発泡体に電着する工程に直に適用できる。これは、商業的に入手できる銅発泡体(90 ppi EFOAM社)を用い、実施例1のパートAに説明された膜堆積技術に従って行われた。実施例1のパートAと同様に、電着が行われる前に、抵抗溶接によってニッケルタブが多孔質銅発泡体に取り付けられた。商業的に入手可能な銅発泡体におけるマイクロメートル級の支柱15及び16が図2(a)及び図2(b)に見られる。第1の複雑さは、作用電極と参照電極との間の電位差E△が、式(7)のように溶液抵抗RSに影響されることから生じる。
PPZ固相電解質の電着
A.PPZの電着
多孔質三次元構造にホスファゼンポリマーを電着して固相電解質として機能させることについて、以下に説明する。
B.Pt電極上へのPPZの電着
Pt電極上へのPPZの電着結果と、その絶縁性について説明する。
C.三次元多孔質材料上へのPPZの電着
Cu2Sb被覆された多孔質発泡体上に対するPPZの電着結果について説明する。
カソードの調製
A.LiMn 1.42 Ni 0.42 Co 0.6 O 4 の合成
Si(IV)がドープされたLiMn 1.42 Ni 0.42 Co 0.6 O 4 の合成結果及び性質について、以下に説明する。Si(IV)がドープされたLiMn 1.42 Ni 0.42 Co 0.6 O 4 のナノ粒子は、約25℃及び630Torrにおいて合成される。典型的な合成では、38.7mmolの酢酸マンガン(II)四水和物(MnAc、98%、アルドリッチ社)、11.4mmolの酢酸ニッケル(II)四水和物(NiAc、98%、アルドリッチ社)及び4.37mmolの酢酸コバルト(II)四水和物(CoAc、98.0%、リーデル・デ・ハーン社)を、約30分間、激しく攪拌することにより、ミリポア水(約25℃において、18 MΩ×cm)に溶解させた。合わせて、164 mmolの水酸化カリウム(KOH、ACS等級)をミリポア水に攪拌して溶解させた。
LiイオンセルにおけるLiMn 1.42 Ni 0.42 Co 0.6 O 4 の電気化学的性能について説明する。
C.相互貫入セル用のカソードスラリー調製
カソードスラリーの調製と、その三次元構造上に対する形成について説明する。
Claims (52)
- リチウムイオンバッテリーであって、
金属間化合物材料を備え、多孔質のアノードを構成する三次元導電性多孔質発泡体集電体と、
前記アノード上を共形に被覆し、電流に対する抵抗が大きく且つリチウムイオンの通過に対する抵抗が僅かである固相電解質と、
被覆された前記アノード中の孔を充填するカソード材料とを備え、
前記三次元導電性多孔質発泡体集電体は、銅及びニッケルから選ばれた金属を含む、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項1のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記金属間化合物材料は、前記三次元導電性多孔質発泡体集電体上に電着されている、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項2のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記金属間化合物材料は、Cu2Sbを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項1のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記固相電解質は、少なくとも一種類のポリホスファゼンを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項4のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記少なくとも一種類のポリホスファゼンは、ポリヘキサクロロシクロトリホスファゼンを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項5のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記ポリヘキサクロロシクロトリホスファゼンは架橋されている、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項6のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
架橋剤は、1,4-ナフトキノンを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項1のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記固相電解質は、前記アノード上に還元重合されている、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項1のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記カソード材料は、LiCoO2、LiMnO2、LiMn1.42Ni0.42Co0.6O4, Li1.5Ni0.25Mn0.75O2.5、LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4、LiFePO4、LiMnPO4及び2,5-ジメルカプト-1,3,4-チアジアゾールの少なくとも一つから選ばれている、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項9のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記カソード材料は、バインダーを更に含む、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項10のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記バインダーは、フッ化ポリビニリデンを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項9のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記カソード材料は、炭素系の導電性添加剤を更に含む、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項12のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記炭素系の添加剤は、グラファイトを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - リチウムイオンバッテリーであって、
金属間化合物からなる三次元多孔質発泡体アノードと、
前記三次元多孔質発泡体アノード上を共形に被覆し、電流にする抵抗が大きく且つリチウムイオンに対する抵抗が僅かである固相電解質と、
前記被覆されたアノードの孔を充填するカソード材料と、を備えるリチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項14のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記金属間化合物は、Cu2Sbを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項15のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記Cu2Sbは、金属元素がドープされている、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項16のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記金属元素は、銅及びニッケルから選ばれている、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項14のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記金属間化合物は、電着されている、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項14のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記固相電解質は、少なくとも一種類のポリホスファゼンを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項19のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記少なくとも一種類のポリホスファゼンは、ポリヘキサクロロシクロトリホスファゼンを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項20のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記ポリヘキサクロロシクロトリホスファゼンは、架橋されている、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項21のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
架橋剤は1,4-ナフトキノンである、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項14のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記固相電解質は、前記アノード上に還元重合されている、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項14のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記カソード材料は、LiCoO2、LiMnO2、LiMn1.42Ni0.42Co0.6O4, Li1.5Ni0.25Mn0.75O2.5、LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4、LiFePO4、LiMnPO4及び2,5-ジメルカプト-1,3,4-チアジアゾールの少なくとも一つから選ばれている、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項24のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記カソード材料は、バインダーを更に含む、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項25のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記バインダーは、フッ化ポリビニリデンを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項24のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記カソード材料は、炭素系の導電性添加剤を更に含む、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - 請求項27のリチウムイオンバッテリーにおいて、
前記炭素系の添加剤は、グラファイトを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリー。 - リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法であって、
多孔質アノードを構成する三次元導電性多孔質発泡体構造上に、金属間化合物アノード材料を電着する工程と、
前記金属間化合物アノード材料上を、固相電解質により共形に被覆する工程と、
前記被覆されたアノードの孔を、カソード材料によって充填する工程と、を含み、
前記三次元導電性多孔質発泡体構造は、銅及びニッケルから選ばれた金属を含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項29の方法において、
前記金属間化合物アノード材料は、Cu2Sbを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項29の方法において、
前記固相電解質は、少なくとも一種類のポリホスファゼンを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項31の方法において、
前記少なくとも一種類のポリホスファゼンは、ポリヘキサクロロシクロトリホスファゼンを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項32の方法において、
前記ポリヘキサクロロシクロトリホスファゼンを架橋する工程を更に含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項33の方法において、
架橋剤は、1,4-ナフトキノンである、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項29の方法において、
前記固相電解質は、前記アノード上に還元重合される、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項29の方法において、
前記カソード材料は、LiCoO2、LiMnO2、LiMn1.42Ni0.42Co0.6O4, Li1.5Ni0.25Mn0.75O2.5、LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4、LiFePO4、LiMnPO4及び2,5-ジメルカプト-1,3,4-チアジアゾールの少なくとも一つから選ばれる、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項36の方法において、
前記カソード材料は、バインダーを更に含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項37の方法において、
前記バインダーは、フッ化ポリビニリデンを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項36の方法において、
前記カソード材料は、炭素系の導電性添加剤を更に含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項39の方法において、
前記炭素系の添加剤は、グラファイトを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法であって、
金属間化合物からなる三次元多孔質構造のアノードを形成する工程と、
前記アノード上を、固相電解質により共形に被覆する工程と、
前記被覆されたアノードの孔を、カソード材料によって充填する工程と、を含むリチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項41の方法において、
前記金属間化合物は、Cu2Sbを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項41の方法において、
前記固相電解質は、少なくとも一種類のポリホスファゼンを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項43の方法において、
前記少なくとも一つのポリホスファゼンは、ポリヘキサクロロシクロトリホスファゼンを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項44の方法において、
前記ポリヘキサクロロシクロトリホスファゼンを架橋する工程を更に含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項45の方法において、
架橋剤は、1,4-ナフトキノンを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項41の方法において、
前記固相電解質は、前記アノード上に還元重合される、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項41の方法において、
前記カソード材料は、LiCoO2、LiMnO2、LiMn1.42Ni0.42Co0.6O4, Li1.5Ni0.25Mn0.75O2.5、LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4、LiFePO4、LiMnPO4及び2,5-ジメルカプト-1,3,4-チアジアゾールの少なくとも一つから選ばれる、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項48の方法において、
前記カソード材料は、バインダーを更に含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項49の方法において、
前記バインダーは、フッ化ポリビニリデンを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項48の方法において、
前記カソード材料は、炭素系の導電性添加剤を更に含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。 - 請求項51の方法において、
前記炭素系の添加剤は、グラファイトを含む、リチウムイオンバッテリーの製造方法。
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