JP6273261B2 - 有害生物防除剤組成物送達ビヒクル - Google Patents
有害生物防除剤組成物送達ビヒクル Download PDFInfo
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- JP6273261B2 JP6273261B2 JP2015510329A JP2015510329A JP6273261B2 JP 6273261 B2 JP6273261 B2 JP 6273261B2 JP 2015510329 A JP2015510329 A JP 2015510329A JP 2015510329 A JP2015510329 A JP 2015510329A JP 6273261 B2 JP6273261 B2 JP 6273261B2
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- capsule
- composition
- gelatin
- pest control
- shell wall
- Prior art date
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- WPALTCMYPARVNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolfenpyrad Chemical compound CCC1=NN(C)C(C(=O)NCC=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC(C)=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1Cl WPALTCMYPARVNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- YWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-N tralomethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C(Br)C(Br)(Br)Br)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N transfluthrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@H]1C(=O)OCC1=C(F)C(F)=CC(F)=C1F DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001069 triethyl citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013769 triethyl citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflumuron Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005436 troposphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylylcarb Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005943 zeta-Cypermethrin Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N29/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing halogenated hydrocarbons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/34—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses for coating articles, e.g. tablets
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2012年4月30日に申請された米国暫定特許出願第61/640,392号明細書への優先権を主張し、その特許の記載事項は引用することによりその全体が本明細書の内容となる。
本出願は、有害生物防除剤(pesticide)組成物を制御されたやり方で送達し、且つ放出するように設計される(configured)ビヒクル、そしてさらに特定的に、しかし排他的にではなく、ゼラチン材料で作られ、有害生物防除剤組成物を封入する分解可能なカプセルに関する。
制御はまだ不十分であり、地表オゾンはいくつかの場合にまだ存在し得る。従って、この技術分野におけるさらなる向上が要求されている。
有害生物防除剤組成物の送達及び放出のためのビヒクルを提供する。1つの側面において、送達ビヒクルは、有害生物の抑制が望まれている場所でカプセルを適用する前の有害生物防除剤組成物の放出に抵抗するように設計されるカプセルである。カプセルはさらに、有害生物の抑制が望まれている場所における適用後に分解し、有害生物防除剤組成物の放出を助長するように設計される。1つの特定の、しかし制限ではない形態において、カプセルは比較的高いブルーム強度のゼラチン材料及び可塑剤材料を含むシェル壁を含み、有害生物防除剤組成物は、1,3−ジクロロプロペンのようなくん蒸剤を含む。
本発明の原理の理解を助長する目的で、ここで図面中に例示される態様に言及し、それを記述するために特殊な用語(language)を用いる。それでも、それにより本発明の範囲の制限は意図されておらず、本発明が関連する分野における熟練者が通常思いつく例示される装置における変更及びさらなる修正ならびにそこに例示される本発明の原理のさらなる応用が包含される(contemplated)ことは理解されるであろう。
の強度の相対的な指標として働く。ブルーム強度の決定のための1つの試験法はIndustrial and Engineering Chemistry,Analytical Edition,Volume II,Page 348に開示されている。1つの形態において、シェル壁14のゼラチン材料は200グラムより大きいブルーム強度を有する。別の態様において、シェル壁14のゼラチン材料は220〜300グラムの範囲内のブルーム強度を有する。別の態様において、シェル壁14のゼラチン材料は250〜300グラムの範囲内のブルーム強度を有する。さらに別の態様において、シェル壁14のゼラチン材料は270〜300グラムの範囲内のブルーム強度を有する。しかしながら、シェル壁14のゼラチン材料のブルーム強度に関する別の値が可能であり、包含されることが認識されねばならない。
可塑剤は2:1〜4:1の重量比で存在する。さらに別の形態において、ゼラチン材料及び可塑剤は3:1〜3.5:1の重量比で存在するが、ゼラチン材料と可塑剤の間の重量比におけるさらに別の変動が可能である。
0.1重量%〜1.5重量%の範囲内で存在する。さらに別の形態において、架橋剤は有害生物防除剤組成物12の合計重量に基づいて0.2重量%〜1.0重量%の範囲内で存在する。さらにもっと別の形態において、架橋剤は有害生物防除剤組成物12の合計重量に基づいて0.2重量%〜0.9重量%の範囲内で存在する。別の形態において、架橋剤は有害生物防除剤組成物12の合計重量に基づいて0.25重量%〜0.8重量%の範囲内で存在する。さらにもっと別の形態において、架橋剤は有害生物防除剤組成物12の合計重量に基づいて0.05重量%〜0.11重量%の範囲内で存在する。別の形態において、架橋剤は有害生物防除剤組成物12の合計重量に基づいて0.06重量%〜0.10重量%の範囲内で存在する。さらに別の形態において、架橋剤は有害生物防除剤組成物12の合計重量に基づいて0.07重量%〜0.09重量%の範囲内で存在するが、架橋剤の重量パーセンテージに関する他の値が包含される。これらの又は他の形態の1つもしくはそれより多くにおいて、有害生物防除剤組成物12中に含まれる架橋剤の量は、有害生物防除剤組成物12を直接囲む領域においてシェル壁14のゼラチン材料に架橋効果を与えるが、シェル壁14の厚さ全体に及んで広がらないように選ばれる。この形状を有するカプセル10の1つの制限ではない形態を図2に略図により示す。この形態において、シェル壁14の架橋部分16は有害生物防除剤組成物12から外部表面18に向かって外に延びるが、その十分に手前で終わっている。有害生物防除剤組成物12中に含まれる架橋剤の量を調整することにより、シェル壁14の架橋部分16の最も外側の限界を制御できることが認識されねばならない。
zadirachtin)、アザメチフォス(azamethiphos)、アジンフォス−エチル(azinphos−ethyl)、アジンフォス−メチル、アゾトエート(azothoate)、ヘキサフルオケイ酸バリウム、バルスリン(barthrin)、ベンジオカルブ(bendiocarb)、ベンフラカルブ(benfuracarb)、ベンスルタプ(bensultap)、ベータ−シフルスリン(beta−cyfluthrin)、ベータ−シペルメスリン、ビフェンスリン(bifenthrin)、ビオアレスリン(bioallethrin)、ビオエタノメスリン(bioethanomethrin)、ビオペルメスリン(biopermethrin)、ビオレスメスリン(bioresmethrin)、ビスツリフルロン(bistrifluron)、ホウ砂(borax)、ホウ酸、ホウ酸、ブロムフェンビンフォス(bromfenvinfos)、ブロモシクレン(bromocyclen)、ブロモ−DDT、ブロモフォス(bromophos)、ブロモフォス−エチル、ブフェンカルブ(bufencarb)、ブプロフェジン(buprofezin)、ブタカルブ(butacarb)、ブタチオフォス(butathiofos)、ブトカルボキシム(butocarboxim)、ブトネート(butonate)、ブトキシカルボキシム(butoxycarboxim)、カズサフォス(cadusafos)、ヒ酸カルシウム、カルシウムポリスルフィド、カムフェクロル(camphechlor)、カルバノレート(carbanolate)、カルバリル(carbaryl)、カルボフラン(carbofuran)、二硫化炭素、四塩化炭素、カルボフェノチオン(carbophenothion)、カルボスルファン(carbosulfan)、カルタプ(cartap)、クロラントラナリプロル(chlorantraniliprole)、クロルビシクレン(chlorbicyclen)、クロルダン(chlordane)、クロルデコン(chlordecone)、クロルジメフォルム(chlordimeform)、クロレトキシフォス(chlorethoxyfos)、クロルフェナピル(chlorfenapyr)、クロルフェンビンフォス(chlorfenvinphos)、クロルフルアズロン(chlorfluazuron)、クロルメフォス(chlormephos)、クロロホルム、クロロピクリン(chloropicrin)、クロルフォキシム(chlorphoxim)、クロルプラゾフォス(chlorprazophos)、クロルピリフォス(chlorpyrifos)、クロルピリフォス−メチル、クロルチオフォス(chlorthiophos)、クロマフェノジド(chromafenozide)、シネリン I(cinerin I)、シネリン II、シスメスリン(cismethrin)、クロエトカルブ(cloethocarb)、クロサンテル(closantel)、クロチアニジン(clothianidin)、アセト亜ヒ酸銅、ヒ酸銅、ナフテン酸銅、オレイン酸銅、クマフォス(coumaphos)、クミトエート(coumithoate)、クロタミトン(crotamiton)、クロトキシフォス(crotoxyphos)、クルフォメート(crufomate)、クリオリテ(cryolite)、シアノフェンフォス(cyanofenphos)、シアノフォス(cyanophos)、シアントエート(cyanthoate)、シクレスリン(cyclethrin)、シクロプロスリン(cycloprothrin)、シフルスリン(cyfluthrin)、シハロスリン(cyhalothrin)、シペルメスリン、シフェノスリン(cyphenothrin)、シロマジン(cyromazine)、シチオエート(cythioate)、DDT、デカルボフラン(decarbofuran)、デルタメスリン(deltamethrin)、デメフィオン(demephion)、デメフィオン−O、デメフィオン−S、デメトン(demeton)、デメトン−メチル、デメトン−O、デメトン−O−メチル、デメトン−S、デメトン−S−メチル、デメトン−S−メチルスルホン、ジアフェンチウロン(diafenthiuron)、ジアリフォス(dialifos)、珪藻土、ジアジノン(diazinon)、ジカプトン(dicapthon)、ジクロフェンチオン(dichlofenthion)、ジクロルボス(dichlorvos)、ジクレシル(dicresyl)、ジクロトフォス(dicrotophos)、ジシクラニル(dicyclanil)、ジエルズ
リン(dieldrin)、ジフルベンズロン(diflubenzuron)、ジロル(dilor)、ジメフルスリン(dimefluthrin)、ジメフォクス(dimefox)、ジメタン(dimetan)、ジメトエート(dimethoate)、ジメスリン(dimethrin)、ジメチルビンフォス(dimethylvinphos)、ジメチラン(dimetilan)、ジネクス(dinex)、ジノプロプ(dinoprop)、ジノサム(dinosam)、ジノテフラン(dinotefuran)、ジオフェノラン(diofenolan)、ジオキサベンゾフォス(dioxabenzofos)、ジオキサカルブ(dioxacarb)、ジオキサチオン(dioxathion)、ジスルフォトン(disulfoton)、ジチクロフォス(dithicrofos)、d−リモネン、DNOC、ドラメクチン(doramectin)、エクジステロン(ecdysterone)、エマメクチン(emamectin)、EMPC、エムペンスリン(empenthrin)、エンドスルファン(endosulfan)、エンドチオン(endothion)、エンズリン(endrin)、EPN、エポフェノナン(epofenonane)、エプリノメクチン(eprinomectin)、エスフェンバレレート(esfenvalerate)、エタフォス(etaphos)、エチオフェンカルブ(ethiofencarb)、エチオン(ethion)、エチプロル(ethiprole)、エトエート−メチル(ethoate−methyl)、エトプロフォス(ethoprophos)、ギ酸エチル、エチル−DDD、エチレンジクロリド、エチレンオキシド、エトフェンプロクス(etofenprox)、エツリムフォス(etrimfos)、EXD、ファムフル(famphur)、フェナミフォス(fenamiphos)、フェナザフロル(fenazaflor)、フェンクロルフォス(fenchlorphos)、フェネタカルブ(fenathacarb)、フェンフルスリン(fenfluthrin)、フェニトロチオン(fenitrothion)、フェノブカルブ(fenobucarb)、フェノキサクリム(fenoxacrim)、フェノキシカルブ(fenoxycarb)、フェンピリスリン(fenpirithrin)、フェンプロパスリン(fenpropathrin)、フェンスルフォチオン(fensulfothion)、フェンチオン(fenthion)、フェンチオン−エチル、フェンバレレート(fenvalerate)、フィプロニル(fipronil)、フロニカミド(flonicamid)、フルベンジアミド(flubendiamide)、フルコフロン(flucofuron)、フルシクロクスロン(flucycloxuron)、フルシスルネート(flucythrinate)、フルフェネリム(flufenerim)、フルフェノクスロン(flufenoxuron)、フルフェンプロクス(flufenprox)、フルバリネート(fluvalinate)、フォノフォス(fonofos)、フォルメタネート(formetanate)、フォルモチオン(formothion)、フォルムパラネート(formparanate)、フォスメチラン(fosmethilan)、フォスピレート(fospirate)、フォスチエタン(fosthietan)、フラチオカルブ(furathiocarb)、フレスリン(furethrin)、ガンマ−シハロスリン、ガンマ−HCH、ハルフェンプロクス(halfenprox)、ハロフェノジド(halofenozide)、HCH、HEOD、ヘプタクロル(heptachlor)、ヘプテノフォス(heptenophos)、ヘテロフォス(heterophos)、ヘキサフルムロン(hexaflumuron)、HHDN、ヒドラメチルノン(hydramethylnon)、シアン化水素、ヒドロプレン(hydroprene)、ヒクインカルブ(hyquincarb)、イミダクロプリド(imidacloprid)、イミプロスリン(imiprothrin)、インドキサカルブ(indoxacarb)、ヨードメタン、IPSP、イサゾフォス(isazofos)、イソベンザン(isobenzan)、イソカルボフォス(isocarbophos)、イソズリン(isodrin)、イソフェンフォス(isofenphos)、イソプロカルブ(isoprocarb)、イソプロチオラン(isoprothiolane)、イソチオエート(isothioate)、イソキサチオン(isoxathion)、イベルメ
クチン(ivermectin)、ジャスモリン I(jasmolin I)、ジャスモリン II、ジョズフェンフォス(jodfenphos)、幼若ホルモン I、幼若ホルモン II、幼若ホルモン III、ケレバン(kelevan)、キノプレン(kinoprene)、ラムダ−シハロスリン、ヒ酸鉛、レピメクチン(lepimectin)、レプトフォス(leptophos)、リンダン(lindane)、リリムフォス(lirimfos)、ルフェヌロン(lufenuron)、リチダチオン(lythidathion)、マラチオン(malathion)、マロノベン(malonoben)、マジドクス(mazidox)、メカルバム(mecarbam)、メカルフォン(mecarphon)、メナゾン(menazon)、メフォスフォラン(mephosfolan)、塩化第一水銀、メスルフェンフォス(mesulfenfos)、メタフルミゾン(metaflumizone)、メタクリフォス(methacrifos)、メタミドフォス(methamidophos)、マチダチオン(mathidathion)、メチオカルブ(methiocarb)、メトクロトフォス(methocrotophos)、メトミル(methomyl)、メトプレン(methoprene)、メトキシクロル(methoxychlor)、メトキシフェノジド(methoxyfenozide)、メチルクロロホルム、塩化メチレン、メトフルスリン(metofluthrin)、メトルカルブ(metolcarb)、メトキサジアゾン
(metoxadiazone)、メビンフォス(mevinphos)、メキサカルベート(mexacarbate)、ミルベメクチン(milbemectin)、ミルベマイシンオキシム(milbemycin oxime)、ミパフォクス(mipafox)、ミレクス(mirex)、モノクロトフォス(monocrotophos)、モルフォチオン(morphothion)、モキシデクチン(moxidectin)、ナフタロフォス(naftalofos)、ナレド(naled)、ナフタレン、ニコチン、ニフルリジド(nifluridide)、ニテンピラム(nitenpyram)、ニチアジン(nithiazine)、ニトリラカルブ(nitrilacarb)、ノバルロン(novaluron)、ノビフルムロン(noviflumuron)、オメトエート(omethoate)、オキサミル(oxamyl)、オキシデメトン−メチル(oxydemeton−methyl)、オキシデプロフォス(oxydeprofos)、オキシジスルフォトン(oxydisulfoton)、パラ−ジクロロベンゼン、パラチオン(parathion)、パラチオン−メチル、ペンフルロン(penfluron)、ペンタクロロフェノール、ペルメスリン(permethrin)、フェンカプトン(phenkapton)、フェノスリン(phenothrin)、フェントエート(phenthoate)、フォレート(phorate)、フォサロン(phosalone)、フォスフォラン(phosfolan)、フォスメト(phosmet)、フォスニクロル(phosnichlor)、フォスファミドン(phosphamidon)、ホスフィン、フォキシム(phoxim)、フォキシム−メチル、ピリメタフォス(pirimetaphos)、ピリミカルブ(pirimicarb)、ピリミフォス−エチル(pirimiphos−ethyl)、ピリミフォス−メチル、亜ヒ酸カリウム、チオシアン酸カリウム、pp’−DDT、プラレスリン(prallethrin)、プレコセン I(precocene I)、プレコセン II、プレコセン III、プリミドフォス(primidophos)、プロフェノフォス(profenofos)、プロフルスリン(profluthrin)、プロマシル(promacyl)、プロメカルブ(promecarb)、プロパフォス(propaphos)、プロペタムフォス(propetamphos)、プロポクスル(propoxur)、プロチダチオン(prothidathion)、プロチオフォス(prothiofos)、プロトエート(prothoate)、プロツリフェンブテ(protrifenbute)、ピラクロフォス(pyraclofos)、ピラフルプロル(pyrafluprole)、ピラゾフォス(pyrazophos)、ピレスメスリン(pyresmethrin)、ピレスリン I(pyrethrin I)、ピレスリン II、ピリダベン(pyridaben)、ピリダリル(pyridalyl)、ピリダフェンチオン(pyridaphenthion)、ピリフルクイナゾン(pyrifluquinazon)、ピリミジフェン(pyrimidifen)、ピリミテート(pyrimitate)、ピリプロル(pyriprole)、ピリプロキシチェン(pyriproxyfen)、クアシア(quassia)、クイナルフォス(quinalphos)、クイナルフォス−メチル、クイノチオン(quinothion)、ラフォキサニド(rafoxanide)、レスメスリン(resmethrin)、ロテノン(rotenone)、リアニア(ryania)、サバジラ(sabadilla)、シュラダン(schradan)、セラメクチン(selamectin)、シラフルオフェン(silafluofen)、シリカゲル、亜ヒ酸ナトリウム、フッ化ナトリウム、ヘキサフルオロケイ酸ナトリウム、チオシアン酸ナトリウム、ソファミド(sophamide)、スピネトラム(spinetoram)、スピノサド(spinosad)、スピロメシフェン(spiromesifen)、スピロテトラマト(spirotetramat)、スルコフロン(sulcofuron)、スルフルラミド(sulfluramid)、スルフォテプ(sulfotep)、フッ化スルフリル、スルプロフォス(sulprofos)、タウ−フルバリネート、タジムカルブ(tazimcarb)、TDE、テブフェノジド(tebufenozide)、テブフェンピラド(tebufenpyrad)、テブピリムフォス(tebupirimfos)、テフルベンズロン(teflubenzuron)、テフルスリン(tefluthrin)、テメフォス(temephos)、TEPP、テラレスリン(terallethrin)、テルブフォス(terbufos)、テトラクロロエタン、テトラクロルビンフォス(tetrachlorvinphos)、テトラメスリン(tetramethrin)、テータ−シペルメスリン、チアクロプリド(thiacloprid)、チアメトキサム(thiamethoxam)、チクロフォス(thicrofos)、チオカルボキシム(thiocarboxime)、チオシクラム(thiocyclam)、チオジカルブ(thiodicarb)、チオファノクス(thiofanox)、チオメトン(thiometon)、チオスルタプ(thiosultap)、ツリンギエンシン(thuringiensin)、トルフェンピラド(tolfenpyrad)、トラロメスリン(tralomethrin)、トランスフルスリン(transfluthrin)、トランスペルメスリン(transpermethrin)、トリアラテン(triarathene)、トリアザメート(triazamate)、トリアゾフォス(triazophos)、トリクロルフォン(trichlorfon)、トリクロルメタフォス−3(trichlormetaphos−3)、トリクロロナト(trichloronat)、トリフェノフォス(trifenofos)、トリフルムロン(triflumuron)、トリメタカルブ(trimethacarb)、トリプレン(triprene)、バミドチオン(vamidothion)、バニリプロル(vaniliprole)、XMC、キシリルカルブ(xylylcarb)、ゼータ−シペルメスリン、ゾラプロフォス(zolaprofos)及びα−エクジソン(α−ecdysone)が含まれるが、これらに限られない。
とができる。カプセル10上に含まれ得るプロテアーゼ酵素の制限ではない例には、ペプシン、トリプシン、フィチン、ブロメライン、パパイン、レンニン及びキモトリプシンが含まれる。プロテアーゼ酵素により引き起こされるカプセル10の分解の加速における変動を、酵素の濃度の改変により制御することができる。例えばより高い酵素濃度はより速いカプセル分解及びそこからの有害生物防除剤組成物12のより速い放出を生ずるであろうことが認識されねばならない。類似して、特定の用途に適合させた放出プロファイルを有するカプセル10の設計を容易にするために、カプセル10の分解及びその結果としてのそこからの有害生物防除剤組成物12の放出の時間プロファイルを実験的に決定することができる。例えばカプセル10からの有害生物防除剤組成物12の放出が有害生物抑制が望まれる場所へのその適用から数時間以内に始まることが望ましい1つの特定の場合、そのような放出を達成するのに必要な酵素の濃度及び/又は量を有するカプセル10を与えることができる。場所へのカプセル10の適用とそこからの有害生物防除剤組成物12の放出の開始の間にもっと長時間が望まれる他の形態において、必要通りに酵素の量及び/又は濃度を改変することができる。
もしくは他の型の機械的散布器を用いて分散させることができる。制限ではない埋め込み法(burial techniques)は、土壌中に溝、穴又は他の開口部を形成し、その中に1個もしくはそれより多いカプセル10を置き、次いで土壌で覆うことを含む。カプセル10を埋める特定の間隔及び深さは、例えば土壌の型、標的とされる有害生物及び蔓延の程度を含む多様な因子に依存し得る。
カプセル製造
穏やかな撹拌を用いて11.6kgの1,3−ジクロロプロペンに0.48kgのAerosil(登録商標) R 972(Evonik Industries,Essen,Germany)を加えることにより、カプセル充填混合物を調製した。混合物中に空気を引き入れることを避けるように注意しながら、それが均一になるまで(約10分間)撹拌を続けた。
プロペン−Aerosil(登録商標) R 972混合物を封入した。封入機上のチルロールを18〜20℃に設定し、スプレダーボックス(spreader box)とチルロールの間の間隙を0.9mmに設定した。スプレダーボックス温度を60℃に設定し、ウェッジ温度を39〜41℃あるいは使用中の特定のゼラチンが密封に成功するのに必要な温度に設定した。封入機を4.5rpmの速度で運転し、それは20リットル/時の1,3−ジクロロプロペン−Aerosil(登録商標) R 972混合物の供給及び時間当たり約6リットルのゼラチン−ソルビトール−水混合物の供給に等しい。製造されるゲルカプセルを回転乾燥機(tumble dryer)中で15分間乾燥し、次いで空気乾燥用のトレーに24〜48時間移した。封入及び乾燥は、18〜21℃の周囲温度及び30〜35%の相対湿度において行われた。製造されるゲルカプセルの組成を表1に示す:
カプセルからの1,3−ジクロロプロペン損失の決定
上記の実施例Iからのゲルカプセル(カプセルA)を、150〜200の低−ブルームのゼラチンから作られる壁を有するゲルカプセル(カプセルB)と、それらからの1,3−ジクロロプロペン(1,3−D)損失に関して比較した。カプセルA及びBのそれぞれは1mLの容積を有し、直径が12.7mmの球の形態にあった。カプセルA及びBを10mLの寸法のガラスバイアル中に入れ(バイアル当たり1個のカプセル)、クリンプタイトキャップ(crimp tight caps)を用いて密封した。バイアルを室温又は40℃において、表2に示される時間保存した。
カプセルの現地試験
中央アメリカのバナナ生産地域における商業的条件下で、実施例Iのゲルカプセルに関する現地試験を確立した。その地域の典型である商業的な方法を用いてバナナを移植した。実施例Iに従うゲルカプセルを移植後処理(post−plant treatment)として用いた。各試験に比較として市販の標準(commercial standard)も含めた。両方の現地試験に関する処理及び使用率は下記の表3及び4に含まれる。場所1は各処理に関して4つの複製(replications)を含み、場所2は3つの複製を含んだ。
架橋カプセル−製造及び組成
表7に示す成分及び量を用い、ゼラチンの架橋剤であるグリオキサールの種々の量を用いてゼラチンカプセルを製造した。1,3−ジクロロプロペン(工業銘柄)を継続的な撹
拌下でAerosil(登録商標) R972(Evonik Industries,Essen,Germany)と合わせ、連行空気を含まない滑らかで均一な混合物を形成した。グリオキサールを乳化剤AtloxTM 4851B(Croda Crop Care,Cowick Hall,East Yorkshire,England)と合わせ、1,3−ジクロロプロペン/Aerosil R972混合物に加え、有害生物防除剤組成物をエマルションとして形成した。0.0(標準)、0.25、0.5及び0.8重量%のグリオキサール濃度を用いて有害生物防除剤組成物試料を調製した。
SpecialTM(SPI Pharma,Wilmington,DE)を70℃に加熱し、次いでゼラチンを完全に湿潤させるのに十分に撹拌しながら、それに8.0kgの270ブルームB型ゼラチン(270 Bloom Lime Bone Gelatin,ZA−B270−2,Eastman Gelatine,Peabody,MA)を加えることにより、カプセルシェル材料を調製した。混合物中に空気を引き入れるか又はそうでなくても泡を形成するのを避けるように注意した。ゼラチンが湿潤した後、バッチ温度を60℃に下げ、容器上に真空を引き入れて、材料を脱気した。脱気されると、ゼラチンは透明な暗いカラメル色であった。
有害生物防除剤組成物中の種々の量のグリオキサール架橋剤(0.00、0.25、0.50及び0.80重量%)を用いて製造されたゲルカプセルを(表7)、10mlのガラスバイアル中で65℃において72時間保存し、次いで実施例IIに記載した通りにバイアルの頭部空間中へのゲルカプセルからの1,3−ジクロロプロペンの損失に関して分析した。各試料の3つの複製を分析し、集められたデータから統計的外れ値を除去するためにGrubbs試験(Grubbs,F.E.著,“Sample criteria
for testing outlying observations,” Annals of Mathematical Statistics,21(1950);Grubbs,F.著,“Procedures for detecting Outlying Observations in Samples,” Technometries,11/1,1−21(1969))を用いた。
土壌中におかれたゲルカプセルからの1,3−ジクロロプロペンの放出
ここに記載する土壌放出研究に、表8に示す以下の1,3−ジクロロプロペン試料を用いた。実施例IVに記載した通りに試料2A及び2Cを製造した。1個のゲルカプセル2Cを30mLのバイアル中に入れ、それに25mgのパパイン酵素を加えることにより、試料2C−Pを製造した。パパイン酵素はBiocatalysts,Batch #2485211から得た。均一にコーティングされるまでカプセルを酵素中で穏やかに撹拌した。
予備選別された(prescreened)砂質ローム土壌を採取し、土壌の100g当たりに約10mLの水を加えることにより、土壌を調製した。一端が密封された高さが6インチで幅が4.25インチの円筒状ガラス容器中に土壌を入れた。土壌をガラス容器に、容器の最上端から約1インチ以内まで入れた。最後に、土壌柱の中心に穴を作り、土
壌柱の深さの大体半分の位置(half)に試料を置くことにより、1,3−ジクロロプロペン試料を容器中の土壌に適用した。次いで湿らせた土壌で試料を覆った。
装置中に土壌柱を置き、系の最上部を横切って1リットル/分における計量された空気を流し、放出される1,3−ジクロロプロペンを活性炭捕獲管中に捕獲することにより、放出研究を行った。炭素捕獲管を介して空気を引く(pull)ために、SKCエアチェックサンプラー(air check samplers)(SKC,Inc.,Eighty Four,Pennsylvania,Model 224−PCXR8)を用いた。炭素捕獲管による制限(restriction)から生ずる圧力の損失を補償する(account for)ために、炭素捕獲管を横切って空気流を測定した。揮発した1,3−ジクロロプロペンを捕獲するために、ヤシ殻活性炭(coconut charcoal)収着剤を含有するAnasorb(登録商標) CSC(SKC,Inc.,Eighty Four,Pennsylvania)試料管(カタログ#226−16,10x110mm;2部分;200+800mgの収着剤;泡,グラスウール及びグラスウール分離材)を用いた。2週間に及んで土壌放出研究を行った。完了したら、振盪機を約1時間用いることにより10mLのヘキサンで炭素捕獲管を抽出した。次いでヘキサン抽出物のアリコートをGC/MSにより分析した。
−ジクロロプロペンである。この態様の別の形態において、ヒュームドシリカ材料は疎水性であり、ジメチルジクロロシランで後処理される。この態様のさらに別の形態において、有害生物防除剤組成物はさらに架橋剤を含む。この形態の1つの側面において、架橋剤はジアルデヒドである。さらなる側面において、ジアルデヒドはエタンジアールである。この態様の別の形態において、カプセルはさらにプロテアーゼ酵素を含む。この形態の1つの側面において、プロテアーゼ酵素は、さらにラクトースを含む粉末混合物の成分である。この形態の別の側面において、プロテアーゼ酵素はパパイン及びブロメラインから選ばれる。
Claims (17)
- 有害生物防除剤組成物を封入し、且つ270〜300グラムの範囲内のブルーム強度を有するゼラチン材料及び可塑剤組成物を含むシェル壁を含んでなり、ここでゼラチン材料及び可塑剤組成物は2:1〜4:1の重量比で存在し、有害生物防除剤組成物が有害生物防除くん蒸剤を含む、カプセル。
- ゼラチン材料ならびにソルビトール及びマンニトールの混合物を含んでなる可塑剤組成物を含むシェル壁;ならびに
シェル壁により封入された、くん蒸剤及びヒュームドシリカ材料を含む有害生物防除剤組成物
を含んでなり、
ここで、有害生物防除剤組成物は有害生物防除くん蒸剤を含み、ゼラチン材料は270〜300グラムの範囲内のブルーム強度を有し、ゼラチン材料及び可塑剤組成物は1:1〜5:1の重量比で存在する、
カプセル。 - ゼラチン材料及び可塑剤組成物を含むゼラチン組成物により形成され有害生物防除剤組成物を封入したシェル壁を含んでなり、ここで、有害生物防除剤組成物が有害生物防除くん蒸剤、ヒュームドシリカ材料及びジアルデヒド架橋剤を含み、ゼラチン組成物が270〜300グラムの範囲内のブルーム強度を有するゼラチン材料を含み、ゼラチン材料及び可塑剤組成物は1:1〜5:1の重量比で存在する、カプセル。
- 混合物がさらにソルビトール無水物を含む請求項2のカプセル。
- ゼラチン材料及び可塑剤組成物が3:1〜3.5:1の重量比で存在する請求項1又は2のカプセル。
- くん蒸剤が1,3−ジクロロプロペンである請求項1〜3のいずれか1つのカプセル。
- ヒュームドシリカ材料が疎水性であり、ジメチルジクロロシランで後処理される請求項2又は3のカプセル。
- 有害生物防除剤組成物がさらに架橋剤を含む請求項1又は2のカプセル。
- 架橋剤がジアルデヒドである請求項8のカプセル。
- ジアルデヒドがエタンジアールである請求項9のカプセル。
- 架橋剤が有害生物防除剤組成物の合計重量に基づいて0.06重量%〜0.1重量%の範囲内で存在する請求項3のカプセル。
- さらにプロテアーゼ酵素を含んでなる請求項1〜3のいずれか1つのカプセル。
- プロテアーゼ酵素がさらにラクトースを含む粉末混合物の成分である請求項12のカプセル。
- プロテアーゼ酵素がパパイン及びブロメラインから選ばれる請求項12のカプセル。
- ヒュームドシリカ材料及び1,3−ジクロロプロペンを含む第1の混合物を準備し;
270〜300グラムの範囲内のブルーム強度を有するB型ゼラチンならびにソルビトール、マンニトール及びソルビトール無水物の混合物を含む可塑剤を含み、ここで、B型ゼラチン及び可塑剤は1:1〜5:1の重量比で存在する、第2の混合物を準備し、;そして
ロータリーダイ装置を用いて第2の混合物中に第1の混合物を封入する
ことを含んでなる方法。 - 有害生物防除くん蒸剤を含む有害生物防除剤組成物を封入し、且つ270〜300グラムの範囲内のブルーム強度を有する非架橋ゼラチン材料及び可塑剤組成物を含むシェル壁を含んでなり、ここでゼラチン材料及び可塑剤組成物は2:1〜4:1の重量比で存在する、カプセル。
- 270〜300グラムの範囲内のブルーム強度を有するゼラチン材料及び可塑剤組成物により形成されたシェル壁を含んでなり、ここで、シェル壁は有害生物防除剤組成物を封入し、有害生物防除剤組成物が有害生物防除くん蒸剤、ヒュームドシリカ材料及びジアルデヒド架橋剤を含み、シェル壁は有害生物防除剤組成物の付近から外側に延び、且つシェル壁の外部表面の内側で終わる架橋部分を含み、ゼラチン材料及び可塑剤組成物は1:1〜5:1の重量比で存在する、カプセル。
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US20130287830A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
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AU2013256722B2 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
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