CN111983078A - 一种气质联用检测蔬菜水果中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯残留量的方法 - Google Patents

一种气质联用检测蔬菜水果中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯残留量的方法 Download PDF

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CN111983078A
CN111983078A CN202010835279.0A CN202010835279A CN111983078A CN 111983078 A CN111983078 A CN 111983078A CN 202010835279 A CN202010835279 A CN 202010835279A CN 111983078 A CN111983078 A CN 111983078A
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dibromochloropropane
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李晓林
李俊青
王鲁
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Shandong Shouguang Testing Group Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种气质联用检测蔬菜水果中二溴氯丙烷和1,3‑二氯丙烯残留量的方法,包括前处理、顶空(HS)进样和气相色谱‑串联质谱(GC‑MS/MS)测定,外标法定量。该方法二溴氯丙烷检测限低至0.4μg/kg,回收率在87.08%‑104.86%,RSD值5.28%‑8.29%;1,3‑二氯丙烯检测限低至2μg/kg,顺/反两种异构体回收率分别在88.82%‑119.45%和87.20%‑116.55%,RSD值分别为3.49%‑8.14%和1.15%‑9.72%。此方法操作简单,对环境友好,灵敏度高,重现性好。

Description

一种气质联用检测蔬菜水果中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯残 留量的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种农药残留量的检测方法,更具体地说,涉及一种采用气质联用检测蔬菜水果中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯残留量的方法,属于农药残留的检测技术领域。
背景技术
二溴氯丙烷,学名1.2-二溴-3-氯丙烷(简称:DBCP),CAS:96-12-8,化学式为C3H5BrCl,分子量为236.32。是液态熏蒸性杀虫杀线虫剂,适用于蔬菜、花卉、烟草、草莓等作物的苗床和温室大棚的熏蒸,防治根结线虫、孢囊线虫、短体线虫、螺旋线虫、纽带线虫、矮化线虫等,是国家农业部明令禁止使用的农药。1,3-二氯丙烯,化学式为C3H4Cl2,分子量为110.97,由顺式和反式两种异构体组成,主要用作土壤熏蒸剂和土壤杀虫剂,被欧盟列入禁用农药清单。这两种物质都属于挥发性有机物,在民间被称为“黑药”,二者都具有致癌性,对农作物高残留,对人的生殖系统造成巨大伤害,致畸、致不育。但因为“黑药”具有廉价高效的特性,一些地方仍会暗自使用,被生长的作物吸收后,造成蔬菜中残留,最终对人体造成伤害。
国内外对于蔬菜水果中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯残的检测研究开展较少,已有研究采用GC-NCI-MS检测水果和蔬菜中二溴氯丙烷的检测,但前处理复杂,需要用到有机溶剂,对人体危害大且污染环境。1,3-二氯丙烯的检测研究尚未见展开。这两种物质检测方法缺失,为保证果蔬食用者安全和避免国际贸易争端,迫切需要建立一种操作简单、快速,有着更高准确度和灵敏度、更低检测限的方法,适用于各种蔬菜水果中“黑药”的检测。
发明内容
本发明内容所要解决的技术问题在于,寻找一种简便、快速、灵敏度高的检测蔬菜水果中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯残留量的方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取以下技术方案:一种气质联用检测蔬菜水果中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯残留量的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)前处理:称取粉碎后过100目筛的新鲜果蔬样品5.0g置于顶空进样瓶中,加入10mL饱和NaCl溶液,迅速密封,涡旋混匀待测;脱水蔬菜或脱水水果样品粉碎过100目筛,然后称取样品0.5g,加水至5g,浸泡1小时,然后置于顶空进样瓶中,加入10mL饱和NaCl溶液,迅速密封,涡旋混匀进行检测。
(2)顶空进样:设置好平衡温度和平衡时间后,直接顶空进样;
(3)标准工作液的配置:采用样品空白基质配置不同浓度标准工作液,然后用标准溶液浓度-色谱峰面积做标准工作曲线;
(4)气相色谱串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)测定
将步骤(3)中各浓度的标准工作液进行GC-MS/MS测定,用标准溶液浓度-色谱峰面积做标准工作曲线;
在相同条件下将步骤(2)中得到的样品进行GC-MS/MS,测定样品中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯的色谱峰面积,带入标准曲线,得到样品中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯的含量。
以下是对上述技术方案的进一步说明:
步骤(1)中样品若为脱水蔬菜和水果,称样量为正常值的十分之一,然后加水至正常值,浸泡1小时,进行检测。装样量为5-15g。
步骤(2)中平衡温度为50-90℃,平衡时间为30-50min。
步骤(4)中气相色谱条件为:色谱柱:毛细管色谱柱DB-624,60m*0.25mm*1.4μm;进样口温度250℃;载气:高纯氦气;分流模式进样,分流比10:1,进样量1mL;恒流模式,柱流量1.0ml/min;升温程序:初温60℃,保持1min,然后以15℃/min升至120℃,再以10℃/min升至220℃,保持5min;后运行200℃,保持2min。
步骤(4)中质谱条件为:离子源温度:230℃;色谱-质谱接口温度:280℃;MSD传输线温度230℃;检测器电压:调谐电压+0.1kV;离子化能量70eV;扫描模式:离子(DMRM)扫描。
步骤(4)中测定样品和标准工作液时,若两者相应农药的保留时间一致,并且在扣除背景后的样品质谱图中所选择的离子均出现,且离子丰度比与标准溶液一致,则可判断样品中残留此种农药,若不能同时满足上述两个条件,则判断不含该种农药。
本发明的技术效果和优点
与传统技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
1、采用顶空进样与气相色谱-串联质谱的方法相结合,具有前处理简单,不需要有机溶剂,对实验人员和环境友好;
2、检出限低、灵敏度高、选择性强、重现性好,可以有效去除基质的干扰,适用于各种蔬菜水果中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯检测。
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明作详细说明。
附图说明
附图1为添加在空白黄瓜基质中的二溴氯丙烷、顺/反-1,3-二氯丙烯的总离子流色谱图;
附图2为添加在空白黄瓜基质中的二溴氯丙烷、顺/反-1,3-二氯丙烯选择离子流色谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明,但本发明并不局限于具体实施例。
在本发明中,若非特指,所有设备和原料均可从市场购得或是本行业常用的,下述实施例中的方法,如无特别说明,均为本领域常规方法。
仪器:GC-MS/MS 7000D气质联用仪(美国安捷伦);7697A顶空进样器:带顶空瓶、密封垫、瓶盖(美国安捷伦);20mL顶空进样瓶;元素型1815D超纯水仪(Molecular);YP10002电子天平(余姚市金诺天平仪器)。
试剂:二溴氯丙烷(美国Accustandard,1000ng/L)、顺/反-1,3-二氯丙烯(美国Accustandard,1000ng/L)。氯化钠(NaCl):优级纯,在马弗炉中500℃灼烧2h,置于干燥器内冷却至室温,转移至磨口玻璃瓶中保存备用;载气:高纯氦气。水为超纯水。
下面以黄瓜为例,说明二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯残留量的测定方法。包括如下步骤:
(1)样品前处理
称取粉碎并充分混匀的黄瓜5.0g,置于20mL顶空进样瓶中,加入10mL饱和NaCl溶液,迅速密封,涡旋混匀待测;
(2)配置二溴氯丙烷、顺-1,3-二氯丙烯和反-1,3-二氯丙烯标准混合液,得到基质标准溶液浓度为0.1、0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、10.0μg/kg;
(3)采用气相色谱-串联质谱法对步骤(1)中得到的待测试样、步骤(2)中标准工作溶液进行二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯的检测。
GC-MS/MS条件为:色谱柱:毛细管色谱柱DB-624,60m*0.25mm*1.4μm;进样口温度250℃;载气:高纯氦气;分流模式进样,分流比10:1,进样量1mL;恒流模式,柱流量1.0ml/min;升温程序:初温60℃,保持1min,然后以15℃/min升至120℃,再以10℃/min升至220℃,保持5min;后运行200℃,保持2min。离子源温度:230℃;色谱-质谱接口温度:280℃;MSD传输线温度230℃;检测器电压:调谐电压+0.1kV;离子化能量70eV;扫描模式:离子(DMRM)扫描。
顶空条件:顶空瓶平衡温度:90℃;震荡平衡时间:30min;进样方式:顶空进样;进样量:1mL。
实验条件优化:实验分别对饱和NaCl溶液用量(5.0、8.0、10.0、13.0、15.0mL)、顶空进样平衡温度(50、60、70、80、90℃)、顶空进样平衡时间(20、25、30、35、40min)、分流比(不分流、10:1、30:1)进行优化,最终得出最佳饱和NaCl溶液用量为10.0mL,顶空进样最佳平衡温度为70℃,最佳平衡时间为30min,最佳分流比为10:1。
3种物质的保留时间和MRM离子参数见表1,MRM总离子流色谱图见图1。
表1 3种物质的保留时间和MRM质谱参数
Figure BDA0002639454650000061
采用黄瓜空白基质加标绘制工作曲线,以峰面积,对相应质量浓度做回归分析,三种化合物在0.1-10.0μg/kg的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系;当信噪比为3:1时,得检测限(LOD),当信噪比为10:1时,得定量限(LOQ)。具体见表2。
表2三种化合物的线性方程、相关系数(r2)、LOD和LOQ
Figure BDA0002639454650000062
Figure BDA0002639454650000071
将空白样品和加标样品按HS-GC-MS/MS方法检测。二溴氯丙烷、顺-1,3-二氯丙烯和反-1,3-二氯丙烯加标样品(浓度分别为0.4μg/kg、6.0μg/kg、40μg/kg)平均测定6次,计算平均回收率和相对标准偏差,具体见表3。
表3三种化合物平均回收率和相对标准偏差
Figure BDA0002639454650000072
本方法三种物质的加标回收率在87%-120%之间,相对标准偏差在1%-10%之间,说明本发明方法的回收率高,重现性好,满足农药残留相关标准的规定。
检出限:将不同浓度的二溴氯丙烷和二氯丙烯基质标准工作液采用顶空进样,GC-MS/MS测定,以最低浓度基质标准溶液色谱峰的3倍信噪比计算检出限,二溴氯丙烷的检出限为0.4μg/kg,顺/反-1,3-二氯丙烯的检出限为2μg/kg。
上述实施例仅供说明本发明之用,而并非是对本发明的限制,有关技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明范围的情况下,还可以做出各种变化和变型,因此所有等同的技术方案也应属于本发明的范畴,本发明的专利保护范围应有各权利要求限定。

Claims (6)

1.一种气质联用检测蔬菜水果中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯残留量的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)前处理:称取粉碎后过100目筛的新鲜果蔬样品5.0g置于顶空进样瓶中,加入10mL饱和NaCl溶液,迅速密封,涡旋混匀待测;
脱水蔬菜或脱水水果样品粉碎过100目筛,然后称取样品0.5g,加水至5g,浸泡1小时,然后置于顶空进样瓶中,加入10mL饱和NaCl溶液,迅速密封,涡旋混匀进行检测。
(2)顶空进样:设置平衡温度和平衡时间,顶空进样系统进样;
(3)配置标准工作液:采用样品空白基质配置不同浓度标准工作液,然后用标准溶液浓度-色谱峰面积做标准工作曲线;
(4)气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)测定
将步骤(3)中各浓度的标准工作液进行GC-MS/MS测定,用标准溶液浓度-色谱峰面积做标准工作曲线;
在相同条件下将步骤(2)中得到的样品进行GC-MS/MS测定,测得样品中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯的色谱峰面积,带入标准曲线,得到样品中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯的含量。
2.权利要求1所述的一种气质联用检测蔬菜水果中二溴氯丙烷和-1,3-二氯丙烯残留量的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述顶空进样的条件为:
顶空瓶容积:20mL;装样量为5.0g;平衡温度为90℃;平衡时间为30min。
3.权利要求1所述的一种气质联用检测蔬菜水果中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯残留量的方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中气相色谱条件为:
色谱柱:毛细管色谱柱DB-624,60m*0.25mm*1.4μm;进样口温度250℃;载气:高纯氦气;分流模式进样,分流比10:1,进样量1mL;恒流模式,柱流量1.0ml/min;升温程序:初温60℃,保持1min,然后以15℃/min升至120℃,再以10℃/min升至220℃,保持5min;后运行200℃,保持2min。
4.权利要求1所述的一种气质联用检测蔬菜水果中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯残留量的方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中质谱条件为:
离子源温度:230℃;色谱-质谱接口温度:280℃;MSD传输线温度230℃;检测器电压:调谐电压+0.1kV;离子化能量70eV;扫描模式:离子(DMRM)扫描。
5.权利要求1所述的一种气质联用检测蔬菜水果中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯残留量的方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中测定样品和标准工作液时,若两者相应农药的保留时间一致,并且在扣除背景后的样品质谱图中所选择的离子均出现,且离子丰度比与标准溶液一致,则可判断样品中残留此种农药,若不能同时满足上述两个条件,则判断不含该种农药。
6.权利要求1中所述的一种气质联用检测蔬菜水果中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯残留量的方法,其特征在于,二溴氯丙烷回收率为87.08%-104.86%,检出限为0.4μg/kg,RSD值为5.28%-8.29%。顺/反-1,3-二氯丙烯回收率分别在88.82%-119.45%和87.20%-116.55%,RSD值分别为3.49%-8.14%和1.15%-9.72%,检出限为2μg/kg。
CN202010835279.0A 2020-08-19 2020-08-19 一种气质联用检测蔬菜水果中二溴氯丙烷和1,3-二氯丙烯残留量的方法 Pending CN111983078A (zh)

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