JP6254614B2 - 液化天然ガス生成 - Google Patents
液化天然ガス生成 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6254614B2 JP6254614B2 JP2015555155A JP2015555155A JP6254614B2 JP 6254614 B2 JP6254614 B2 JP 6254614B2 JP 2015555155 A JP2015555155 A JP 2015555155A JP 2015555155 A JP2015555155 A JP 2015555155A JP 6254614 B2 JP6254614 B2 JP 6254614B2
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- Prior art keywords
- natural gas
- refrigerant
- mixed
- lng
- refrigeration system
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
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- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 392
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 257
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 217
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 193
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 151
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 48
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 7
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- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)F UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 R-227ea Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 102100027881 Tumor protein 63 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- FKCNNGCHQHSYCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane;1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane;1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCF.FCC(F)(F)F.FC(F)C(F)(F)F FKCNNGCHQHSYCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NFGXHKASABOEEW-GYMWBFJFSA-N (S)-methoprene Chemical compound COC(C)(C)CCC[C@H](C)C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C(=O)OC(C)C NFGXHKASABOEEW-GYMWBFJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOPJRYAFUXTDLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-methoxypropane Chemical compound COC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F NOPJRYAFUXTDLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INEMUVRCEAELBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane Chemical compound CC(F)C(F)(F)F INEMUVRCEAELBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UMNKXPULIDJLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)Cl UMNKXPULIDJLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
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Description
本出願は、「液化天然ガス生成」という名称の2013年1月24日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/756,322号の利益を主張するものであり、その全体は、引用によって本明細書に組み込まれている。
本明細書に説明する実施形態は、炭化水素処理システムを提供する。炭化水素処理システムは、天然ガスからLNGを生成する冷凍システムを含む。冷凍システムは、混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を利用して天然ガスを冷却するフルオロカーボン冷凍システムを含む。冷凍システムはまた、窒素冷凍システム及び/又はメタン自動冷凍システムを含むことができ、これらを使用して、天然ガスを更に冷却してLNGを生成することができる。これに加えて、炭化水素処理システムは、NRUを含むことができ、NRUを使用して窒素を天然ガスから除去することができる。一部の実施形態において、NRUにより天然ガスから除去された窒素を使用して、天然ガスに追加の冷却を提供する。
本明細書に説明する実施形態によって利用される冷媒は、混合冷媒とすることができ、各混合冷媒は、2つ又はそれよりも多くの単一成分及び/又は多成分冷媒を含むことができる。冷媒は、現場で移入して貯蔵することができ、又はこれに代えて、冷媒の成分の一部は、典型的には、炭化水素処理システムと一体化した蒸留工程によって現場で調製することができる。様々な実施形態において、本明細書に説明する実施形態によって利用される混合冷媒は、HFCのようなフルオロカーボン(FC)を含む。例示的な冷媒は、デュポン・コーポレーションから市販されており、冷媒のISEON(登録商標)群、冷媒のSUVA(登録商標)群、冷媒のOPTEON(登録商標)群、及び冷媒のFREON(登録商標)群を含む。
炭化水素システム及び方法は、多くの場合に、機械冷凍、バルブ膨張、又はタービン膨張などを利用する冷凍システムを含む。機械冷凍は、典型的には、圧縮システム及びアンモニア吸収システムのような吸収システムを含む。圧縮システムは、様々な工程に対してガス処理産業に使用される。例えば、圧縮システムは、NGL抽出のための冷却天然ガス、炭化水素露点制御のための冷却天然ガス、LPG生成ストレージ、デエタナイザ又はデメタナイザにおける還流の凝縮、又はLNGを生成する天然ガス液化などに使用することができる。
本明細書に説明する実施形態により、LNGは、混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を使用して炭化水素処理システム内で生成することができる。一部の実施形態において、混合フルオロカーボン冷媒内のフルオロカーボン成分は、不燃性、非毒性、及び非反応性である。特定の混合フルオロカーボン冷媒に対するフルオロカーボン成分は、混合フルオロカーボン冷媒の冷却曲線が、冷却されているLNGの冷却曲線に密接に適合するように選択することができる。混合フルオロカーボン冷媒の冷却曲線がLNGの冷却曲線に適合することで、炭化水素処理システムの性能及び効率を改善することができる。
図12は、混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を使用する天然ガス流れからのLNGの形成の方法1200のプロセス流れ図である。方法1200は、あらゆる適切なタイプの炭化水素処理システム内に実施することができる。例えば、方法1200は、図5〜11に関して説明した炭化水素処理システム500又は800〜1100のいずれによっても実施することができる。
この技術の実施形態は、以下の付番した項目に示す方法及びシステムのあらゆる組合せを含むことができる。これは、あらゆる数の変形を本明細書の記述から想定することができるので、全ての可能な実施形態の完全なリストとして考えないものとする。
1.混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を使用して、天然ガスを冷却してLNGを生成するように構成されたフルオロカーボン冷凍システムと、LNGから窒素を除去するように構成された窒素排除ユニット(NRU)とを含む液化天然ガス(LNG)生成のための炭化水素処理システム。
2.窒素冷媒を使用して、天然ガスを更に冷却してLNGを生成するように構成された窒素冷凍システムを含む項目1の炭化水素処理システム。
3.天然ガスを更に冷却してLNGを生成するように構成された自動冷凍システムを含む項目1又は項目2のいずれか1項の炭化水素処理システム。
4.自動冷凍システムが、複数のフラッシュドラム及び複数の膨脹デバイスを含む項目3の炭化水素処理システム。
5.天然ガスの少なくとも一部分が、NRUを通じて天然ガスから分離された窒素流れを使用して冷却される項目1から項目3のいずれか1項の炭化水素処理システム。
6.フルオロカーボン冷凍システムが、単一混合冷媒サイクルを含む項目1から項目3又は項目5のいずれか1項の炭化水素処理システム。
7.フルオロカーボン冷凍システムが、予冷混合冷媒サイクルを含む項目1から項目3、項目5,又は項目6のいずれか1項の炭化水素処理システム。
8.フルオロカーボン冷凍システムが、二重混合冷媒サイクルを含む項目1から項目3又は項目5から項目7のいずれか1項の炭化水素処理システム。
9.二重混合冷媒サイクルが、温かい混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を使用する第1の混合冷媒サイクルと、冷たい混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を使用する第2の混合冷媒サイクルとを含み、第1の混合冷媒サイクル及び第2の混合冷媒サイクルが、直列に接続される項目8の炭化水素処理システム。
10.フルオロカーボン冷凍システムが、三重混合冷媒サイクルを含む項目1から項目3又は項目5から項目8のいずれか1項の炭化水素処理システム。
11.フルオロカーボン冷凍システムが、天然ガスと混合フルオロカーボン冷媒の間の間接熱交換を通じて天然ガスの冷却を可能にするように構成された熱交換器を含む項目1から項目3、項目5から項目8、又は項目10のいずれか1項の炭化水素処理システム。
12.フルオロカーボン冷凍システムが、混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を圧縮して圧縮混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を提供するように構成された圧縮機と、圧縮混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を冷却して冷却混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を提供するように構成された冷却機と、冷却混合フルオロカーボン冷媒との間接熱交換を通じて天然ガスを冷却するように構成された熱交換器とを含む項目1から項目3、項目5から項目8,項目10、又は項目11のいずれか1項の炭化水素処理システム。
13.炭化水素露点制御のために天然ガスを冷却するように構成される項目1から項目3、項目5から項目8,又は項目10から項目12のいずれか1項の炭化水素処理システム。
14.天然ガス液体抽出のために天然ガスを冷却するように構成される項目1から項目3、項目5から項目8,又は項目10から項目13のいずれか1項の炭化水素処理システム。
15.二酸化炭素及び重質ガスからメタン及び軽質ガスを分離するように構成される項目1から項目3、項目5から項目8,又は項目10から項目14のいずれか1項の炭化水素処理システム。
16.液化石油ガス生成ストレージのために炭化水素を調製するように構成される項目1から項目3、項目5から項目8,又は項目10から項目15のいずれか1項の炭化水素処理システム。
17.還流流れを凝縮するように構成される項目1から項目3、項目5から項目8,又は項目10から項目16のいずれか1項の炭化水素処理システム。
18.混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を使用してフルオロカーボン冷凍システム内で天然ガスを冷却してLNGを生成する段階と、窒素排除ユニット(NRU)内でLNGから窒素を除去する段階とを含む液化天然ガス(LNG)生成の方法。
19.窒素冷媒を使用して窒素冷凍システム内で天然ガスを更に冷却してLNGを生成する段階を含む項目18の方法。
20.自動冷凍システム内で天然ガスを更に冷却してLNGを生成する段階を含む項目18又は項目19のいずれか1項の方法。
21.NRUを通じて天然ガスから分離された窒素流れを使用して天然ガスの少なくとも一部分を冷却する段階を含む項目20の方法。
22.フルオロカーボン冷凍システム内で天然ガスを冷却する段階が、混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を圧縮して圧縮混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を提供する段階と、冷却流体との間接熱交換によって圧縮混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を冷却して冷却混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を提供する段階と、冷却混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を熱交換区域に送る段階と、熱交換区域内で天然ガスを冷却混合フルオロカーボン冷媒と熱交換する段階とを含む項目18から項目20のいずれか1項の方法。
23.混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を使用して天然ガスを冷却するように構成された混合冷媒サイクルであって、天然ガスと混合フルオロカーボン冷媒の間の間接熱交換を通じて天然ガスの冷却を可能にするように構成された熱交換器を含む上記混合冷媒サイクルと、天然ガスから窒素を除去するように構成された窒素排除ユニット(NRU)と、天然ガスを冷却してLNGを生成するように構成されたメタン自動冷凍システムとを含む液化天然ガス(LNG)の形成のための炭化水素処理システム。
24.混合フルオロカーボン冷媒が、2つ又はそれよりも多くのハイドロフルオロカーボン冷媒の混合物を含む項目23の炭化水素処理システム。
25.NRUを通じて天然ガスから分離された窒素流れが、天然ガスの少なくとも一部分を冷却するのに使用される項目2又は項目24のいずれか1項の炭化水素処理システム。
26.メタン自動冷凍システムが、いくつかの膨脹デバイス及びいくつかのフラッシュドラムを含む項目23から項目25のいずれか1項の炭化水素処理システム。
104 冷却機
106 圧縮機
108 凝縮機
114 冷媒混合物
Claims (22)
- 液化天然ガス(LNG)生成のための炭化水素処理システムであって、
混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を使用して、天然ガスを冷却してLNGを生成するように構成されたフルオロカーボン冷凍システムと、
窒素冷媒を使用して、前記天然ガスを更に冷却して前記LNGを生成するように構成された窒素冷凍システムと、
前記天然ガスを更に冷却して前記LNGを生成するように構成された自動冷凍システムと、
前記LNGから窒素を除去するように構成された窒素排除ユニット(NRU)と、を備え、
前記NRUは前記自動冷凍システムの上流に位置し、
前記窒素冷凍システムは、前記自動冷凍システムの上流に位置し、前記フルオロカーボン冷凍システムは、前記窒素冷凍システムの上流に位置する、
ことを特徴とする炭化水素処理システム。 - 前記自動冷凍システムは、複数のフラッシュドラム及び複数の膨脹デバイスを備えている、
請求項1に記載の炭化水素処理システム。 - 前記天然ガスの少なくとも一部分が、前記NRUを通じて該天然ガスから分離された窒素流れを使用して冷却される、
請求項1に記載の炭化水素処理システム。 - 前記フルオロカーボン冷凍システムは、単一混合冷媒サイクルを備えている、
請求項1に記載の炭化水素処理システム。 - 前記フルオロカーボン冷凍システムは、予冷混合冷媒サイクルを備えている、
請求項1に記載の炭化水素処理システム。 - 前記フルオロカーボン冷凍システムは、二重混合冷媒サイクルを備えている、
請求項1に記載の炭化水素処理システム。 - 前記二重混合冷媒サイクルは、
温かい混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を使用する第1の混合冷媒サイクルと、
冷たい混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を使用する第2の混合冷媒サイクルと、備え、
前記第1の混合冷媒サイクル及び前記第2の混合冷媒サイクルは、直列に接続される、
請求項6に記載の炭化水素処理システム。 - 前記フルオロカーボン冷凍システムは、三重混合冷媒サイクルを備えている、
請求項1に記載の炭化水素処理システム。 - 前記フルオロカーボン冷凍システムは、前記天然ガスと前記混合フルオロカーボン冷媒の間の間接熱交換を通じて該天然ガスの冷却を可能にするように構成された熱交換器を備えている、
請求項1に記載の炭化水素処理システム。 - 前記フルオロカーボン冷凍システムは、
前記混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を圧縮して圧縮混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を提供するように構成された圧縮機と、
前記圧縮混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を冷却して冷却混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を提供するように構成された冷却機と、
前記冷却混合フルオロカーボン冷媒との間接熱交換を通じて前記天然ガスを冷却するように構成された熱交換器と、備えている、
請求項1に記載の炭化水素処理システム。 - 炭化水素露点制御のために前記天然ガスを冷却するように構成される、
請求項1に記載の炭化水素処理システム。 - 天然ガス液体抽出のために前記天然ガスを冷却するように構成される、
請求項1に記載の炭化水素処理システム。 - 二酸化炭素及び重質ガスからメタン及び軽質ガスを分離するように構成される、
請求項1に記載の炭化水素処理システム。 - 液化石油ガス生成ストレージのために炭化水素を調製するように構成される、
請求項1に記載の炭化水素処理システム。 - 還流流れを凝縮するように構成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の炭化水素処理システム。
- 液化天然ガス(LNG)生成の方法であって、
混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を使用してフルオロカーボン冷凍システム内で天然ガスを冷却してLNGを生成する段階と、
窒素冷媒を使用して窒素冷凍システム内で前記天然ガスを更に冷却して前記LNGを生成する段階と、
自動冷凍システム内で前記天然ガスを更に冷却して前記LNGを生成する段階と、
窒素排除ユニット(NRU)内で前記LNGから窒素を除去する段階と、を備え、
前記窒素冷凍システムは、前記自動冷凍システムの上流に位置し、前記フルオロカーボン冷凍システムは、前記窒素冷凍システムの上流に位置し、前記NRUは前記自動冷凍システムの上流に位置する、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記NRUを通じて前記天然ガスから分離された窒素流れを使用して該天然ガスの少なくとも一部分を冷却する段階を含む、
請求項16に記載の方法。 - 前記フルオロカーボン冷凍システム内で前記天然ガスを冷却する段階は、
前記混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を圧縮して圧縮混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を提供する段階と、
冷却流体との間接熱交換によって前記圧縮混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を冷却して冷却混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を提供する段階と、
前記冷却混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を熱交換区域に送る段階と、
前記熱交換区域内で前記天然ガスを前記冷却混合フルオロカーボン冷媒と熱交換する段階と、を含む、
請求項16に記載の方法。 - 液化天然ガス(LNG)の形成のための炭化水素処理システムであって、
混合フルオロカーボン冷媒を使用して天然ガスを冷却するように構成された混合冷媒サイクルであって、該天然ガスと該混合フルオロカーボン冷媒の間の間接熱交換を通じて該天然ガスの冷却を可能にするように構成された熱交換器を含む前記混合冷媒サイクルと、
前記天然ガスを冷却して前記LNGを生成するように構成された窒素冷凍システムと、
前記LNGをさらに冷却するように構成された自動冷凍システムと、
前記天然ガスから窒素を除去するように構成された窒素排除ユニット(NRU)と、
前記天然ガスを冷却して前記LNGを生成するように構成されたメタン自動冷凍システムと、備え、
前記NRUは前記自動冷凍システムの上流に位置し、
前記窒素冷凍システムは、前記自動冷凍システムの上流に位置し、前記フルオロカーボン冷凍システムは、前記窒素冷凍システムの上流に位置する、
ことを特徴とする炭化水素処理システム。 - 前記混合フルオロカーボン冷媒は、2つ又はそれよりも多くのハイドロフルオロカーボン冷媒の混合物を含む、
請求項19に記載の炭化水素処理システム。 - 前記NRUを通じて前記天然ガスから分離された窒素流れが、該天然ガスの少なくとも一部分を冷却するのに使用される、
請求項19に記載の炭化水素処理システム。 - 前記自動冷凍システムは、複数の膨脹デバイス及び複数のフラッシュドラムを備えている、
請求項19に記載の炭化水素処理システム。
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RU2015135574A (ru) | 2017-03-03 |
CN104919260B (zh) | 2016-10-12 |
CL2015001629A1 (es) | 2015-09-04 |
AU2013375185B2 (en) | 2016-03-31 |
MX2015006658A (es) | 2015-08-10 |
US20180149424A1 (en) | 2018-05-31 |
JP2016511817A (ja) | 2016-04-21 |
BR112015012441A2 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
CA2894176A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
ZA201505314B (en) | 2016-07-27 |
EP2948721A1 (en) | 2015-12-02 |
AU2013375185A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
WO2014116363A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
EP2948721A4 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
CA2894176C (en) | 2017-06-06 |
SG11201504193VA (en) | 2015-08-28 |
EP3435016A1 (en) | 2019-01-30 |
US20150316316A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
CN104919260A (zh) | 2015-09-16 |
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