JP6250533B2 - エンドグリンポリペプチドおよびその使用 - Google Patents
エンドグリンポリペプチドおよびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6250533B2 JP6250533B2 JP2014506553A JP2014506553A JP6250533B2 JP 6250533 B2 JP6250533 B2 JP 6250533B2 JP 2014506553 A JP2014506553 A JP 2014506553A JP 2014506553 A JP2014506553 A JP 2014506553A JP 6250533 B2 JP6250533 B2 JP 6250533B2
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- eng
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- bmp
- polypeptide
- endoglin
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- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
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- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/177—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- A61K38/179—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for growth factors; for growth regulators
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- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/20—Fusion polypeptide containing a tag with affinity for a non-protein ligand
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/20—Fusion polypeptide containing a tag with affinity for a non-protein ligand
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- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/30—Non-immunoglobulin-derived peptide or protein having an immunoglobulin constant or Fc region, or a fragment thereof, attached thereto
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07K2319/40—Fusion polypeptide containing a tag for immunodetection, or an epitope for immunisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
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- C07K2319/705—Fusion polypeptide containing domain for protein-protein interaction containing a protein-A fusion
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- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
Description
本出願は、35U.S.C.§119(e)の下で、2011年4月20日に出願された米国仮特許出願第US 61/477,585号、名称「エンドグリンポリペプチドおよびその使用」の出願日の利益を主張する;この全内容は、本明細書に参照により組み込まれる。
新しい血管を形成するプロセスである血管新生は、正常および異常な多くの生理学的状態において重要である。正常な生理学的条件下では、ヒトおよび動物には特定の限定された状況において血管新生が生じる。例えば血管新生は通常、創傷治癒、胎児発達および胚発生、ならびに黄体、子宮内膜および胎盤の形成において観察される。
望ましくない、または不適切に制御された血管新生は、異常な内皮増殖が病理学的プロセスを引き起こすかまたはこれに関与し得る、多くの障害において発生する。例えば血管新生は、多くの腫瘍の増殖に関与している。無秩序な血管新生は、例えば、関節リウマチ、網膜症、血管腫、および乾癬などの病理学的プロセスに関係する。無秩序な血管新生が存在する多様な病理学的疾患状態は、血管新生関連疾患として分類されている。
血管新生を阻害するための追加の組成物および方法を有することが望ましい。これらには、望ましくない血管の増殖を、一般的にまたはある組織および/または疾患状態において阻害することができる、方法および組成物を含む。
本開示は一部において、エンドグリン(ENG)ポリペプチドおよび、かかるエンドグリンポリペプチドのBMP9および/またはBMP10に対する選択的アンタゴニストとしての使用を提供する。本明細書に記載されるように、エンドグリン細胞外ドメイン(ECD)の一部または全部を含むポリペプチドは、BMP9およびBMP10に結合し、一方でTGF−βスーパーファミリーの他のメンバーには実質的な結合を示さない。本開示は、エンドグリンECDの一部または全部を含むポリペプチドが、BMP9およびBMP10のシグナル伝達の効果的なアンタゴニストであり、in vivoでの血管新生および腫瘍増殖を阻害するように作用することを実証する。したがってある態様において、本開示は、血管新生および本明細書に記載のBMP9またはBMP10に関連する他の障害の阻害に用いるための、BMP9および/またはBMP10のアンタゴニストとしてのエンドグリンポリペプチドを提供する。
ある態様において、本開示は、本明細書に一般的にまたは具体的に記載されたエンドグリンポリペプチドのいずれかを投与することにより、哺乳動物における血管新生を阻害する方法を提供する。エンドグリンポリペプチドは、局所的に(例えば眼に)または全身的に(例えば静脈内、動脈内または皮下)送達することができる。ある態様において、本開示は、エンドグリンポリペプチドを、哺乳動物に対して眼についての遠位的な位置に、例えば全身投与により投与することにより、哺乳動物の眼における血管新生を阻害する方法を提供する。
ある側面において、本開示は、BMP9またはBMP10に関連する障害を有する患者を処置するための方法を提供する。かかる障害の例は本明細書に提供されており、これには一般に、血管系の障害、高血圧、および線維性障害を含むことができる。
ある側面において、本開示は、眼科用製剤を提供する。かかる製剤は、本明細書に開示されたエンドグリンポリペプチドを含んでよい。ある側面において、本開示は、眼の血管新生関連疾患を処置するための方法を提供する。かかる方法は、全身的にまたはこの眼に対して、本明細書に開示されたエンドグリンポリペプチドの有効量を含む医薬製剤を投与することを含んでよい。
1.概要
ある態様において、本発明は、ENGポリペプチドに関する。ENG(CD105としても知られている)は、リガンドのトランスフォーミング増殖因子β(TGF−β)スーパーファミリーに対するコレセプターと称され、正常および病的な血管新生に関与している。ENGの発現は静止血管内皮では低いが、治癒傷、発生中の胚、炎症組織、および固形腫瘍の内皮細胞においては上方制御される(Dallas et al, 2008, Clin Cancer Res 14:1931-1937)。ヌルENG対立遺伝子のホモ接合体マウスは、血管の発達の欠陥のために妊娠の早い段階で死ぬが(Li et al, 1999, Science 284:1534-1537)、一方ヘテロ接合ヌルENGマウスは、成体で血管新生の異常を示す(Jerkic et al, 2006, Cardiovasc Res 69:845-854)。ヒトでは、ENG遺伝子変異が、遺伝性出血性末梢血管拡張症(オスラー・ランデュ・ウェーバー症候群)1型(HHT−1)の原因として同定され、これは、介入毛細血管床なしで動脈から静脈(動静脈シャント)への直接の流れ(連絡)をもたらす動静脈奇形を特徴とする、血管異形成の常染色体優性型である(McAllister et al, 1994, Nat Genet 8:345-351;Fernandez-L et al, 2006, Clin Med Res 4:66-78)。HHT患者の典型的な症状には、再発性鼻出血、消化管出血、皮膚および粘膜皮膚末梢血管拡張症、および、肺、脳、または肝血管系における動静脈奇形が含まれる。
本明細書で使用される用語は、一般に、本開示の文脈内および各用語が使用される具体的な文脈において、当該技術分野における通常の意味を有する。一定の用語が本明細書で議論され、本明細書に開示された組成物および方法、およびいかにしてこれらを作製および使用するかについての説明において、実行者に対してさらなる指針を提供する。用語の任意の使用の範囲または意味は、その用語が使用される具体的な文脈から明らかになるであろう。
一定の条件下の場合を除き、天然に存在するENGタンパク質は膜貫通タンパク質であり、タンパク質の一部は細胞の外側(細胞外部分)に、およびタンパク質の一部は細胞の内側(細胞内部分)に配置されている。本開示の側面は、ENGの細胞外ドメイン(ECD)の一部を含むポリペプチドを包含する。
2つのアミノ酸配列間の最良の全体的アライメントを決定するための別の態様は、Brutlag et al(Comp. App. Biosci., 6:237-245 (1990))のアルゴリズムに基づくFASTDBコンピュータプログラムを用いて決定することができる。配列アラインメントにおいて、クエリ(質問)と対象の配列は、共にアミノ酸配列である。前記グローバル配列アラインメントの結果は、同一性パーセントで表示される。一態様において、アミノ酸配列同一性は、Brutlag et al.(Comp. App. Biosci., 6:237-245 (1990))のアルゴリズムに基づきFASTDBコンピュータプログラムを用いて行われる。特定の態様において、アミノ酸アラインメントの同一性および類似性パーセントを算出するのに用いるパラメータは、以下を含む:マトリックス=PAM 150、k−タプル(touple)=2、ミスマッチペナルティ=1、連結ペナルティ(joining penalty)=20、ランダム化グループ長さ=0、カットオフスコア=1、ギャップペナルティ=5、およびギャップサイズペナルティ=0.05。
ENGポリペプチドはさらに、N末端に種々のリーダー配列のいずれかを含むことができる。かかる配列は、ペプチドが発現されて、真核生物系における分泌経路を標的とすることを可能とする。例えば、Ernst et al.の米国特許第5,082,783号(1992)を参照のこと。代替的に、天然のENGシグナル配列を用いて、細胞からの押し出し(extrusion)を行うことができる。可能なリーダー配列には、ミツバチのメリチン、TPA、および天然のリーダー(それぞれ配列番号13〜15)が含まれる。TPAリーダー配列を組み込んだENG−Fc融合タンパク質の例は、配列番号23、25、27、および29を含む。シグナルペプチドの処理は、他の変数のうちの、選択されたリーダー配列、使用される細胞種類および培養条件に依存して変化する可能性があり、したがって、成熟ENGポリペプチドの実際のN末端開始部位は、N末端またはC末端方向のどちらかの方向に1、2、3、4または5アミノ酸だけシフトしてもよい。成熟したENG−Fc融合タンパク質は配列番号33〜36を含み、これらは下記にENGポリペプチド部分に下線を付けて示される。
潜在的ENGポリペプチド変異体のライブラリーを縮重オリゴヌクレオチド配列から生成可能にする、多くの方法がある。縮重遺伝子配列の化学的合成は、DNA自動合成機で行うことができ、合成遺伝子はその後、発現に適したベクターにライゲートされる。縮重オリゴヌクレオチドの合成は当技術分野で知られている(例えば、Narang, SA (1983) Tetrahedron 39:3;Itakura et al., (1981) Recombinant DNA, Proc. 3rd Cleveland Sympos. Macromolecules, ed. AG Walton, Amsterdam: Elsevier pp273-289;Itakura et al., (1984) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 53:323;Itakura et al., (1984) Science 198:1056;Ike et al., (1983) Nucleic Acid Res. 11:477を参照)。かかる技法は、他のタンパク質の定方向進化において採用されている(例えばScott et al., (1990) Science 249:386-390;Roberts et al., (1992) PNAS USA 89:2429-2433;Devlin et al., (1990) Science 249: 404-406;Cwirla et al., (1990) PNAS USA 87: 6378-6382;ならびに米国特許第5,223,409号、第5,198,346号、および第5,096,815号を参照)。
本明細書において、用語「免疫グロブリンFcドメイン」または単に「Fc」は、免疫グロブリン鎖定常領域の、好ましくは免疫グロブリン重鎖定常領域の、カルボキシル末端部分、またはその一部を意味すると理解される。例えば、免疫グロブリンFc領域は以下を含んでよい:1)CH1ドメイン、CH2ドメイン、およびCH3ドメイン、2)CH1ドメインとCH2ドメイン、3)CH1ドメインとCH3ドメイン、4)CH2ドメインとCH3ドメイン、または5)2または3以上のドメインの組み合わせおよび免疫グロブリンヒンジ領域。好ましい態様において、免疫グロブリンFc領域は、少なくとも免疫グロブリンヒンジ領域、CH2ドメインおよびCH3ドメインを含み、好ましくはCH1ドメインを欠いている。
さらに、免疫グロブリン重鎖定常領域内のアミノ酸の置換または欠失は、本明細書で開示される方法および組成物の実施に有用となり得ることが企図される。一例としては、上部CH2領域にアミノ酸置換を導入することにより、Fc受容体への親和性が減少したFc変異体を作製することである(Cole et al. (1997) J. Immuno. 159:3613)。
ある態様において、本開示は、ENGタンパク質の細胞外部分のコード配列を含む可溶性ENGポリペプチドをコードする核酸を含む。さらなる態様において、本開示はまた、かかる核酸を含む宿主細胞にも関する。宿主細胞は、任意の原核細胞または真核細胞であってよい。例えば、本開示のポリペプチドは、大腸菌などの細菌細胞、昆虫細胞(例えば、バキュロウイルス発現系を用いて)、酵母、または哺乳動物細胞中で発現させることができる。他の適切な宿主細胞は、当業者によく知られている。したがって、本開示のいくつかの態様はさらに、ENGポリペプチドを生成する方法に関する。配列番号25および29に記載され、CHO細胞で発現されるENG−Fc融合タンパク質は、強力な抗血管新生活性を有することが確立されている。
ある側面において、本開示は、本明細書に開示された、断片、機能性変異体および融合タンパク質を含むENGポリペプチドのいずれかをコードする、単離および/または組換え核酸を提供する。例えば、配列番号2および4は、天然のヒトENG前駆体ポリペプチドのそれぞれ長いおよび短いアイソフォームをコードし、一方配列番号30は、IgG1 Fcドメインに融合したENG細胞外ドメインの1つの変異体をコードする。対象の核酸は、一本鎖または二本鎖であってもよい。かかる核酸はDNAまたはRNA分子であってもよい。これらの核酸は、例えば、ENGポリペプチドを作製するための方法において、または直接治療剤として(例えば、アンチセンス、RNAiまたは遺伝子治療アプローチで)、用いることができる。
ある態様において、本開示は、配列番号24、26、28、または30に少なくとも80%、85%、90%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%、または100%同一な、単離されたまたは組み換え核酸配列を提供する。当業者は、配列番号24、26、28、または30に相補的な核酸配列、および配列番号24、26、28、または30の変異体は、本開示の範囲内であることを認識する。さらなる態様において、本開示の核酸配列は、単離し、組み換え、および/または、異種ヌクレオチド配列またはDNAライブラリーに融合することができる。
本開示はまた、1または2以上の対象ENGポリペプチドのために、コード配列(例えば配列番号24、26、28、または30)を含む組み換え遺伝子でトランスフェクトされた宿主細胞にも関する。宿主細胞は、任意の原核細胞または真核細胞であってよい。例えば、本明細書に開示されるENGポリペプチドは、大腸菌などの細菌細胞、昆虫細胞(例えばバキュロウイルス発現系を用いて)、酵母、または哺乳動物細胞中で発現させることができる。他の適切な宿主細胞は、当業者によく知られている。
本出願はさらに、改変されたまたは変異体Fc領域を有するENG−Fc融合タンパク質を提供する。かかる抗体およびFc融合タンパク質は、例えば、抗原依存性細胞傷害(ADCC)および補体依存性細胞障害(CDC)などのエフェクター機能の調節において有用であり得る。さらに、修飾は、抗体およびFc融合タンパク質の安定性を向上することができる。抗体およびFc融合タンパク質のアミノ酸配列変異体は、適切なヌクレオチド変化をDNAに導入することによって、またはペプチド合成によって調製される。かかる変異体としては、例えば、本明細書に開示された抗体およびFc融合タンパク質のアミノ酸配列内の残基の欠失、および/または挿入、および/または置換を含む。欠失、挿入、および置換の任意の組み合わせは、最終的なコンストラクトが所望の特性を有することを条件として、最終的なコンストラクトに到達するために行われる。アミノ酸変化はまた、抗体およびFc融合タンパク質の翻訳後プロセスを変化させてよく、例えばグリコシル化部位の数や位置を変更させてよい。
本開示は、腫瘍性および非腫瘍性障害の両方を含む、調節不全の血管新生状態を処置または予防するための方法および組成物を提供する。さらに提供されるのは、特定の心血管障害を処置または予防するための方法および組成物である。さらに本開示は、線維性障害および状態を処置または予防するための方法および組成物を提供する。加えて、本開示は、BMP9および/またはBMP10活性に関連する障害を処置するための方法を提供する。
本開示は、哺乳動物における血管新生を阻害する方法であって、対象に対して、前述のENG−Fc融合タンパク質または核酸アンタゴニスト(例えば、アンチセンスまたはsiRNA)を含む、ENGポリペプチドの有効量を投与することによる前記方法を提供し、これらは以下ではまとめて、「治療剤」として言及される。提示されたデータは、本明細書に開示の抗血管新生治療剤が、腫瘍に関連する血管新生を阻害するために使用できることを具体的に示している。これらの治療剤はまた、眼における血管新生を阻害するのにも有用であることが期待される。
特に、本開示のポリペプチド治療剤は、癌(腫瘍)、特に増殖を支援するために血管新生プロセスに依存することが知られている癌を、処置または予防するのに有用である。ほとんどの抗血管新生剤とは異なり、ENGポリペプチドは、複数の要因によって誘導される血管新生に影響を与える。これは、腫瘍の血管新生を支援する複数の要因を頻繁に取得するような癌に、高く関連する。したがって、本明細書に開示の治療剤は、単一の血管新生因子を標的とする薬剤(例えばVEGFを標的とするベバシズマブ)による処置に対して抵抗性である腫瘍の処置に、特に有効であろうし、異なるメカニズムにより作用する他の抗血管新生化合物と組み合わせて、特に有効となり得る。
ある態様において、本開示の対象の方法は、単独で使用することができる。代替的に、本方法は、増殖性疾患(例えば腫瘍)の処置または予防に向けられた他の従来の抗癌治療アプローチと組み合わせて使用することができる。例えば、かかる方法は、予防的な癌の予防、手術後の癌の再発や転移の予防、および他の従来の癌治療のアジュバントとして使用することができる。本開示は、従来の癌治療(例えば、化学療法、放射線療法、光線療法、免疫療法、および外科手術)の有効性が、対象のポリペプチドの治療剤の使用によって増強可能であることを認識する。
本開示によれば、本明細書に記載の抗血管新生剤は、疾患の処置のための他の組成物および手順と組み合わせて使用することができる。例えば腫瘍は、従来の外科手術、放射線療法または化学療法にENGポリペプチドを組み合わせて処置することができ、次いでENGポリペプチドを患者に投与して、微小転移の休眠を延長し、任意の残存原発腫瘍を安定化することができる。
本明細書において、用語 「細胞毒性剤」は、細胞の機能を阻害または妨害する、および/または細胞の破壊を引き起こす物質を指す。この用語は、以下を含むことを意図する:放射性同位元素(例えばAT211、I131、I125、Y90、Re186、Re188、Sm153、Bi211、P32、およびLuの放射性同位元素)、化学療法剤、例えばメトトレキサート、アドリアマイシン、ビンカアルカロイド(ビンクリスチン、ビンブラスチン、エトポシド)、ドキソルビシン、メルファラン、マイトマイシンC、クロラムブシル、ダウノルビシン、または他の挿入剤、酵素およびそれらの断片、例えば核酸分解酵素、抗生物質、および毒素、例えば小分子毒素または、細菌、真菌、植物もしくは動物起源の酵素活性な毒素であって、これらの断片および/または変異体を含むもの、および以下に開示される種々の抗腫瘍または抗癌剤。他の細胞毒性剤は、以下に記載する。殺腫瘍剤は、腫瘍細胞の破壊を引き起こす。
ある正常な生理学的プロセスも血管新生に関連しており、例えば、排卵、月経、および胎盤形成である。本開示の血管新生を阻害するタンパク質は、内皮細胞の過剰なまたは異常な刺激の疾患の処置に有用である。これらの疾患としては、腸癒着、アテローム性動脈硬化症、強皮症、および肥厚性瘢痕、すなわちケロイドを含むが、これらに限定されない。これらはまた、例えばネコスクラッチ病(Rochele minalia quintosa)および潰瘍(ヘリコバクターピロリ)などの、病的な結果としての血管新生を有する疾患の処置にも有用である。
さらに別の態様において、ENGポリペプチドは、BMP9に関連するようではあるが、上には記載されていない炎症性障害または状態の処置にも有用であり得る。例示の障害としては、肝疾患(急性肝炎、慢性肝炎、および肝硬変を含む);胸部または腹部の浮腫;慢性膵臓疾患;アレルギー(鼻アレルギー、喘息、気管支炎、アトピー性皮膚炎を含む);アルツハイマー病;レイノー症候群;およびびまん性硬化症が挙げられる。
本明細書に記載の治療剤は、医薬組成物中に製剤化することができる。本開示に従って使用するための医薬組成物は、従来の方法で、1または2以上の生理学的に許容し得る担体または賦形剤を用いて製剤化することができる。かかる製剤は一般的に、ほとんどの規制要件に従って実質的にパイロジェンフリーである。
ある態様において、本開示の治療方法は、組成物を全身的に、または移植片もしくはデバイスとして局部的に投与することを含む。投与される場合、本開示において使用する治療用組成物は、パイロジェンフリーな生理学的に許容し得る形態である。また、任意に上述のように組成物中に含めることができる、ENGシグナル伝達アンタゴニスト以外の治療的に有用な薬剤は、本明細書に開示された方法において、対象化合物(例えばENGポリペプチド)と同時にまたは順番に投与してもよい。
組成物および製剤は、必要に応じて、活性成分を含む1または2以上の単位剤形を含むことができるパックまたはディスペンサーデバイスで提供することができる。パックは、例えば、ブリスターパックなどの金属またはプラスチックホイルを含んでもよい。パックまたはディスペンサーデバイスには、投与のための説明書を添付してもよい。
本発明はここに一般的に記述されており、以下の実施例を参照することによってさらに容易に理解されるであろう;これらの実施例は、ある態様および本発明の態様の説明のみを目的としており、本発明を限定するものではない。
出願人らは、ヒトENGの完全長細胞外ドメイン(ECD)(図9、配列番号9)が、ヒトIgG1 Fcドメイン(図11、配列番号11)にこれらのドメイン間に最小リンカーを有して付着している、可溶性エンドグリン(ENG)融合タンパク質(hENG(26〜586)−hFc)を構築した。hENG(26〜586)−hFcは、HEK293細胞における一過性トランスフェクションによって発現させた。概要を述べると、HEK293細胞を、500mlのスピナー内に、250mlの容量のFreestyle培地(Invitrogen)中6×105細胞/mlにてセットし、一晩培養した。翌日これらの細胞を、DNA:PEI(1:1)複合体で0.5ug/mlの最終DNA濃度にて処理した。4時間後、250mlの培地を添加し、細胞を7日間増殖させた。馴化培地は、細胞をスピンダウンして濃縮することにより回収した。CHO細胞での発現のために、ENGポリペプチドコンストラクトをCHO DUKX B11細胞株にトランスフェクトした。クローンは、典型的には5nMまたは10nMの初期濃度のメトトレキサート(MTX)で選択し、ついで任意に、50nMのMTX中の増幅により発現を増加させた。高発現クローンを希釈クローニングによって同定し、無血清懸濁増殖に適合させて、精製のための馴化培地を生成することができる。任意に、遍在性クロマチンオープニングエレメント(UCOE)をベクターに含めて、発現を促進することができる。例えばCytotechnology. 2002 Jan; 38 (1-3):43 -6を参照のこと。
(i)ミツバチメリチン(HBML):MKFLVNVALVFMVVYISYIYA (配列番号13)
(ii)組織プラスミノーゲン活性化因子(TPA):MDAMKRGLCCVLLLCGAVFVSP(配列番号14)
(iii)天然のヒトENG:MDRGTLPLAVALLLASCSLSPTSLA(配列番号15)
hENG(26〜586)−hFcの選択形態は、TPAリーダーを使用し、図13(配列番号16)に示す未処理のアミノ酸配列を有し、図14(配列番号17)に示すヌクレオチド配列によりコードされる。出願人らはまた、hENG(26〜586)にTGGGリンカーにより付着したN末端切断hFcドメイン(図12、配列番号12)を含む、TPAリーダー(図15、配列番号18)を有する代替的なhENG(26〜586)−hFc配列も想定する。精製は種々の技術を用いて実施され、これには例えば、馴化培地のろ過、次いでタンパク質Aクロマトグラフィー、低pH値(3.0)グリシンバッファーによる溶出、試料の中和、およびPBSに対する透析を含む。試料の純度は、分析用サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー、SDS−PAGE、銀染色、およびウェスタンブロットにより評価した。成熟タンパク質の分析により、予想のN末端配列が確認された。
出願人らは、マウスENGの完全長細胞外ドメイン(図10、配列番号10)が、マウスIgG2a Fcドメインにこれらのドメイン間に最小リンカーを有して融合されている、可溶性マウスENG融合タンパク質(mENG(27〜581)−mFc)を構築した。mENG(27〜581)−mFcは、HEK293細胞における一過性トランスフェクションによって発現させた。
mENG(27〜581)−mFcの選択形態は、TPAリーダーを使用し、図16(配列番号19)に示す未処理のアミノ酸配列を有し、図17(配列番号20)に示すヌクレオチド配列によりコードされる。精製は、トランスフェクトされたHEK293細胞からの馴化培地のろ過と、続くタンパク質Aクロマトグラフィーにより行った。試料の純度は、分析用サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー、SDS−PAGE、銀染色、およびウェスタンブロット分析により評価した。
コレセプターを考えると、ENGは、TGF−β1および−3のIおよびII型受容体の多タンパク質複合体への結合を促進することにより機能すると、広く考えられている。単離されたENGによる直接のリガンド結合の可能性を調べるために、出願人らは、表面プラズモン共鳴(SPR)方法論(BiocoreTM器具)を用いて、ENGの完全長細胞外ドメインを含む捕捉されたタンパク質の、種々の可溶性ヒトTGF−βファミリーリガンドへの結合について、スクリーニングした。
BMP−9およびBMP−10は、I型受容体ALK1(アクチビン受容体様キナーゼ1)における高親和性リガンドである。SPRベースのアッセイを用いて、可溶性hENG(26〜586)(R&D Systems, catalog #1097-EN)の、BMP−9およびBMP−10のALK1への結合に対する効果を決定した。ALK1−hFcを捕捉し、次いで、種々の比率でBMP−9と予備混合された可溶性hENG(26〜586)を含有する溶液に曝した。図20に示すように、可溶性hENG(26〜586)は、BMP−9のALK1−Fcへの結合を、10nM未満のIC50で濃度依存的に阻害した。同様の結果はBMP−10についても得られた(図21)。別の実験により、可溶性hENG(26〜586)がALK1に結合せず、したがってこのメカニズムによってリガンドのALK1への結合を阻害しないことが実証された。確かに、SPRに基づく追加実験は、可溶性hENG(26〜586)がI型受容体ALK2〜ALK7にも、アクチビン受容体IIA、アクチビン受容体IIB、骨形成タンパク質受容体II、およびTGF−β受容体IIなどのII型受容体にも結合しないことを示す。これらの結果は、ENGがBMP−9およびBMP−10のALK1への結合を、主にこれらのリガンドとの直接相互作用を介して阻害するというさらなる証拠を提供する。
まとめると、これらのデータは、可溶性ENG−Fcキメラタンパク質ならびに非キメラ水溶性ENGが、ALK1を含む複数のシグナル伝達経路を介して、BMP−9およびBMP−10シグナル伝達のアンタゴニストとして用いることができることを示す。
出願人らは、HUVECベースの培養系における、mENG(27〜581)−hFcの血管新生作用を検討した。HUVECを重合マトリゲル基質上で培養し、試験物質の、内皮細胞の管(臍帯(cord))形成に対する効果を、12時間暴露した後の位相差顕微鏡により評価した。単一の細胞の幅と少なくとも3つの枝を有する臍帯が視覚的に同定され、コンピュータ支援画像分析を用いてかかる臍帯の全長を決定した。平均値は、実験条件ごとにデュプリケートの培養ウェルに基づき、各ウェルは3つの観察視野の平均を取った。基底条件(無処理)と比較して、強力な誘導剤である内皮細胞増殖物質(ECGS、0.2μg/ml)は、平均の臍帯の長さを倍増させた(図22)。mENG(27〜581)−hFc(R&D Systems, catalog #1320-EN、10μg/ml)は、この増加を60%近く低減し、これは刺激された条件に特異的な効果であり、なぜならば、同様の濃度のmENG(27〜581)−hFcは、ECGSの不在においてはほとんど効果を示さなかったからである(図22)。これらの結果は、ENG−Fc融合タンパク質が、血管新生の細胞培養モデルにおいてそれ以外は刺激された条件下で、内皮細胞の凝集を抑制可能であることを実証する。
ニワトリ漿尿膜(CAM)アッセイ系を用いて、ENG−Fc融合タンパク質の血管新生に対する効果を調べた。簡単に述べると、9日齢の受精ニワトリ胚を、制御された温度(37℃)および湿度(60%)で卵のインキュベーターに維持した。卵殻をアルコールで軟化し、卵殻膜とCAMとの間に「ブリスター」を作るための小さな穴を穿刺して卵殻を取り除き、顕著な血管を覆うウィンドウを作成した。小さなフィルターディスクを、0.01MのHEPES、0.5MのNaCl、3mMのEDETA、0.005%v/vの界面活性剤P20、および0.5mg/mlのウシ血清アルブミンを含むバッファー(pH7.4)に溶解したmENG(27〜581)−hFcタンパク質(R&D Systems, catalog #1320-EN;毎日14μg)の存在または不在において、VEGF(毎日50ng)で処理した。試験物質を含んだフィルターディスクを次に開口部を通して挿入し、CAMに並置した。卵(群あたりn=8)を新鮮な試験物質で3日間毎日処理し、4日目にフィルターディスクに関連付けられた血管の数を、卵ランプの支援により目視検査によって決定した。
ENG−Fc融合タンパク質の血管新生に対する効果を、指向性in vivo血管新生アッセイ(DIVAATM; Guedez et al., 2003, Am J Pathol 162:1431-1439)としても知られているマウスアンジオリアクターアッセイにおいてさらに検討した;これは、製造業者(Trevigen (登録商標))の指示に従って実施した。簡単に述べると、移植グレードのシリコンで作られ一端を閉じた中空円筒内に、塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子(FGF−2、1.8g)とVEGF(600ng)の組み合わせ有りまたは無しと予め混合した基底膜抽出物(BME)を充填した。BMEがゲル化した後、アンジオリアクターを無胸腺ヌードマウスの皮下に移植した(マウスあたり4つ)。マウスは、mENG(27〜581)−mFc(10mg/kg,s.c.)またはビヒクル(Tris緩衝生理食塩水)で11日間毎日処理し、その後マウスに、フルオレセインイソチオシアネート(FITC)標識デキストラン(20mg/kg,i.v.)を注射し、20分後に安楽死させた。アンジオリアクターを取り出し、それぞれに含まれるFITC−デキストランの量を、血管形成の指標として、485nm励起/520nm発光の蛍光プレートリーダー(Infinite(登録商標) M200, Tecan)を用いて定量した。図24に示すように、FGF−2およびVEGFのBMEへの添加は、試験完了時においてアンジオリアクター内の血管新生の大幅な増加をもたらしたが、一方mENG(27〜581)−mFcの同時投与は、この増加を完全に阻止した。哺乳動物系で得られたこれらの結果は、上述したCAMアッセイで得られたものを補完し、完全長ENG細胞外ドメインを組み込んだENG−Fc融合タンパク質の、in vivo抗血管新生活性を実証する。
出願人らは、ヒトENG ECDの切断変異体が最小限のリンカーでヒトIgG1のFcドメインに融合されている、可溶性ENG融合タンパク質を生成した。これらの変異体を以下に記載し、選択された変異体の構造は図25に概略的に示す。
出願人らはSPR法を用いて、以下のhENG−hFcタンパク質変異体を、ヒトBMP−9およびBMP−10への高親和性結合についてスクリーニングした。これらの実験において、捕捉されたhENG−hFcタンパク質は、100nMの可溶性ヒトBMP−9またはBMP−10にそれぞれ暴露した。
リガンドのパネルを、C末端切断変異体hENG(26〜346)−hFc、hENG(26〜359)−hFc、およびhENG(26〜437)−hFcへの潜在的結合についてスクリーニングした。これら3つのタンパク質の高親和性結合は、BMP−9およびBMP−10について選択的であった。hENG(26〜346)−hFc、hENG(26〜359)−hFc、およびhENG(26〜437)−hFcのいずれもが、BMP−2、BMP−7、TGF−β1、TGF−β2、TGF−β3、またはアクチビンAに対して、高いリガンド濃度においてさえも、検出可能な結合を示さなかった。
上で開示されたように、36アミノ酸という短いN末端切断型(hENG(61〜346)−hFc)は、ENGポリペプチドへのリガンド結合を消失させることが見出された。さらに短いN末端切断型のリガンド結合に対する効果を予測するために、ヒトエンドグリンの孤児ドメインの二次構造を、修正版Psipred version 3(Jones, 1999, J Mol Biol 292:195-202)を用いてコンピュータにより予測した。分析は、配列番号1のアミノ酸26〜60によって規定されるENGポリペプチド領域内の規則二次構造(ordered secondary structure)が、配列番号1の42〜45位に高い信頼性で予想される4残基のβ鎖および、配列番号1の28〜29位に非常に低い信頼性で予想される2残基のβ鎖に限定されることを示す。したがって、アミノ酸27または28で開始するENGポリペプチド変異体、および任意に、配列番号1のアミノ酸29〜42で開始するものは、重要な構造要素およびリガンド結合を保持する可能性がある。
A204細胞におけるレポーター遺伝子アッセイを用いて、hENG−hFc融合タンパク質が、BMP−9およびBMP−10によるシグナル伝達を阻害する効力を決定した。このアッセイは、pGL3 BREルシフェラーゼレポータープラスミド(Korchynskyi et al, 2002, J Biol Chem 277: 4883-4891)ならびにトランスフェクション効率を制御するためのRenillaレポータープラスミド(pRLCMV−BREルシフェラーゼ)によってトランスフェクトされた、ヒト横紋筋肉腫細胞株に基づく。BREモチーフはBMP応答性遺伝子(Id1プロモーターを含む)に存在するため、このベクターは、Smad1および/またはSmad5を介してシグナル伝達する因子に対して一般的に用いられる。ENG−Fc融合タンパク質の不在のもとで、BMP−9およびBMP−10は用量依存的にA204細胞におけるシグナル伝達を刺激する。
出願人らは、切断変異体hENG(26〜359)−hFcの血管新生への効果を、VEGFを用いて血管新生を誘導する例6に記載されたものと同じCAMアッセイ系で検討した。VEGF処理(毎日50ng)によって誘発される追加の血管数は、hENG(26〜359)−hFc処理(配列番号25;毎日20μg)の併用によって75%減少した(図38)。SPRに基づく試験により、VEGFがhENG(26〜359)−hFcに結合しないことが示されており、したがって本CAM実験におけるこの変異体の血管新生に対する効果は、融合タンパク質とVEGFの直接の相互作用によるものではない。hENG(26〜359)−hFcについて、10μgの用量は、各コンストラクトの理論分子量に基づくと、例6で試験したより長いENG−Fcコンストラクトについて用いた14μgに対応することに注意すべきである。したがって、切断変異体hENG(26〜359)−hFcは、VEGF誘導性の血管新生を阻害することについて、同じアッセイ系において完全長ECDを有するENGコンストラクト(図23)と比較して、これより高くはないとしても、同等の有効性を示した。
切断変異体hENG(26〜346)−hFcを、例7に記載したものと同じマウスアンジオリアクターアッセイで試験した。アンジオリアクターを無胸腺ヌードマウスの皮下に移植し(マウスあたり4つ)、マウスを、hENG(26〜346)−hFc(10mg/kg,s.c.)またはビヒクル(Trisバッファー生理食塩水)で11日間毎日処理し、その後マウスに、フルオレセインイソチオシアネート(FITC)標識デキストラン(20mg/kg,i.v.)を注射し、20分後に安楽死させた。各アンジオリアクターに含まれるFITC−デキストランの量を、次に血管形成の指標として測定した。図39に示すように、増殖因子(GF)FGF−2およびVEGFのアンジオリアクターへの添加は、血管新生の大幅な増加をもたらしたが、一方hENG(26〜346)−hFcの同時投与は、この増加を完全に阻止した。SPRに基づく試験により、hENG(26〜346)−hFcは、FGF−2にもVEGFにも結合しないことが確認され、これにより、本実験におけるhENG(26〜346)−hFcの誘導性血管新生への効果が、融合タンパク質とFGF−2またはVEGFどちらかへの直接的相互作用によるという可能性が除外された。この哺乳動物のアッセイ系での本結果は、CAMアッセイでの切断変異体hENG(26〜359)−hFcについて得られた結果を補完する(図12)。これらを一緒にすると、ENG細胞外ドメインの好ましい切断を組み込んだENG−Fc融合タンパク質の、in vivo抗血管新生活性を実証する。
出願人らは、修正薬物動態試験を実施して、hENG(26〜346)−hFcの全身消失半減期を決定し、これを完全長タンパク質mENG(27〜581)−mFcのそれと比較した。hENG(26〜346)−hFcタンパク質は、SAIVITM (小動物のin vivo画像化) Rapid Antibody Labeling kitを製造業者(InvitrogenTM)の指示書に従って用いて、Alexa Fluor(登録商標) 750染料で標識した。標識されたタンパク質は、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィーにより遊離標識から分離した。無胸腺ヌードマウス(n=3、17〜20g)に、標識したhENG(26〜346)−hFc(2mg/kg、s.c.)を注射し、全身撮像をIVIS画像化システム(Xenogen(登録商標)/Caliper Life Sciences)を用いて実施し、注射後2、4、6、8、24、32、48、および72時間における融合タンパク質レベルを決定した。hENG(26〜346)−hFcの平均消失半減期は26.5時間であり、これは同様の試験で決定したmENG(27〜581)−mFcの半減期の22時間よりも長かった。
ENG−Fcタンパク質を2つの異なるマウス異種移植モデルにおいて試験して、これらのタンパク質が腫瘍増殖を阻害できるかどうかを決定した。最初の実験では、無胸腺ヌードマウスに、106の4T1乳癌細胞(ATCC(登録商標)番号:CRL-2539TM;寄託者:BA Pulaski)を6週齢で皮下注射した。マウス(群あたりn=10)には、mENG(27〜581)−mFc(10mg/kg)またはビヒクル(Trisバッファー生理食塩水)を毎日皮下投与した。腫瘍をデジタルキャリパーを使用して手動で測定し、腫瘍体積は、式:容積=0.5(長さ)(幅2)に従って計算した。図40に示すように、mENG(27〜581)−mFcの処理は、ビヒクルに比べ、移植後24日までに腫瘍体積を45%減少させた。
本明細書で言及された全ての刊行物および特許は、個々の刊行物または特許が具体的かつ個別に参照によって組み込まれるかのようにして、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。矛盾する場合には、本明細書の任意の定義を含む本出願が優先される。
本発明の特定の実施形態が本明細書に明示的に開示されているが、上記明細書は例示であって限定するものではない。当業者には本発明の多くの変形が、本明細書および以下の特許請求の範囲の検討により明らかになるであろう。本発明の完全な範囲は、特許請求の範囲およびその均等物の全範囲、および明細書とかかる変形を参照することにより、決定されるべきである。
Claims (25)
- 配列番号1のアミノ酸42〜333に少なくとも95%同一なアミノ酸配列を含み、配列番号1のアミノ酸379〜430からなる配列領域を含まない、エンドグリンポリペプチド。
- エンドグリンポリペプチドが、配列番号1の26〜42のいずれかの位置に対応するアミノ酸から開始し、配列番号1の333〜378のいずれかの位置に対応するアミノ酸で終止する配列に少なくとも95%同一なアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載のエンドグリンポリペプチド。
- 以下:
a.配列番号1のアミノ酸26〜346、
b.配列番号1のアミノ酸26〜359、および
c.配列番号1のアミノ酸26〜378、
からなる群から選択される配列に少なくとも95%同一なアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1または2に記載のエンドグリンポリペプチド。 - エンドグリンポリペプチドが、以下:
a.配列番号1のアミノ酸26〜346、
b.配列番号1のアミノ酸26〜359、および
c.配列番号1のアミノ酸26〜378、
からなる群から選択される配列に少なくとも95%同一なアミノ酸配列からなる第1部分と、配列番号1に非相同な第2部分からなる、請求項1または2に記載のエンドグリンポリペプチド。 - 第2部分が、IgGのFc部分を含む、請求項4に記載のエンドグリンポリペプチド。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のエンドグリンポリペプチドであって、エンドグリンポリペプチドが、
a.配列番号1のアミノ酸379〜586からなる配列からの連続した50を超えるアミノ酸を含まない;および/または
b.ヒトBMP−9に、1×10−9M未満の平衡解離定数(KD)または1×10−3s−1未満の解離速度定数(kd)で結合する;および/または
c.ヒトBMP−9に、1×10−9M未満の平衡解離定数(KD)または5×10−4s−1未満の解離速度定数(kd)で結合する;および/または
d.ヒトBMP−10に、1×10−9M未満の平衡解離定数(KD)または5×10−3s−1未満の解離速度定数(kd)で結合する;および/または
e.ヒトBMP−10に、1×10−9M未満の平衡解離定数(KD)または2.5×10−3s−1未満の解離速度定数(kd)で結合する、
前記エンドグリンポリペプチド。 - エンドグリンポリペプチドが、ヒトTGF−β1、ヒトTGF−β3、ヒトVEGF、またはヒト塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子(FGF−2)に結合しない、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のエンドグリンポリペプチド。
- エンドグリンポリペプチドが、エンドグリンアミノ酸配列を含む部分に加えて、以下:in vivo安定性、in vivo半減期、取り込み/投与、組織の局在化または分散、タンパク質複合体の形成、および/または精製、の1または2以上を強化する1または2以上のポリペプチド部分を含む、融合タンパク質である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載のエンドグリンポリペプチド。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のエンドグリンポリペプチドであって、
(i)エンドグリンポリペプチドが、免疫グロブリンの定常領域および血清アルブミンからなる群から選択される部分を含む;および/または
(ii)エンドグリンポリペプチドが、免疫グロブリンFc領域を含む、
前記エンドグリンポリペプチド。 - 免疫グロブリンFcドメインが、エンドグリンポリペプチド部分にリンカーによって連結されている、請求項9に記載のエンドグリンポリペプチド。
- リンカーが、TGGG(配列番号31)またはGGGからなるアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項10に記載のエンドグリンポリペプチド。
- エンドグリンポリペプチドが、グリコシル化アミノ酸、PEG化アミノ酸、ファルネシル化アミノ酸、アセチル化アミノ酸、ビオチン化アミノ酸、脂質部分に結合したアミノ酸、および有機誘導体化剤に結合したアミノ酸から選択される1または2以上の修飾アミノ酸残基を含む、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のエンドグリンポリペプチド。
- エンドグリンポリペプチドが、哺乳動物における血管新生を阻害する、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のエンドグリンポリペプチド。
- エンドグリンポリペプチドが、CHO細胞で産生される、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載のエンドグリンポリペプチド。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の2つのエンドグリンポリペプチドを含む、ホモダイマー。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載のエンドグリンポリペプチド、または請求項15に記載のホモダイマー、および薬学的に許容し得る賦形剤を含む、医薬製剤。
- 製剤が、実質的にパイロジェンフリーである、請求項16に記載の医薬製剤。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載のエンドグリンポリペプチドに対するコード配列を含む、単離されたポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項18に記載のポリヌクレオチドに動作可能に結合されたプロモーター配列を含む、組み換えポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項18に記載の単離されたポリヌクレオチドまたは請求項19に記載の組み換えポリヌクレオチドで形質転換された細胞。
- 細胞が哺乳動物の細胞である、請求項20に記載の細胞。
- 治療に用いるための、請求項16に記載の医薬製剤。
- 請求項16または22に記載の医薬製剤であって、必要とする患者において血管新生を阻害する方法において用いるための、前記医薬製剤。
- 請求項23に記載の医薬製剤であって、
(a)患者が、望ましくない血管新生を特徴とする疾患を有するか、有するリスクにある;または
(b)疾患が、望ましくない高レベルのBMP−9、BMP−10、またはエンドグリンを発現する種類を含む、癌である、前記医薬製剤。 - 請求項16または22に記載の医薬製剤であって、BMP−9またはBMP−10に関連する障害を、これを必要とする患者において処置する方法に用いるものである、前記医薬製剤。
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CN108178789B (zh) | 2021-11-02 |
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AU2019204979B2 (en) | 2020-07-16 |
WO2012145539A1 (en) | 2012-10-26 |
CN108178789A (zh) | 2018-06-19 |
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EP2699590B8 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
JP7097930B2 (ja) | 2022-07-08 |
CN108341863A (zh) | 2018-07-31 |
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